Pages 1--420 from Untitled

SCH NO 98101053

EIR TEXT VOLUME 2A
December 1999
Prepared for
COUNTY OF ORANGE MCAS El Tom LocaI Redevelopment Authority
10 Civic Center Plaza Santa Ana California 92701
714 834 3000
Contact Bryan Speegre

Prepared by
LSA ASSOCIATES P D CONSXJLTANTS 1
1 Page 2 3
DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT NO 573
FOR THE CIVILIAN REUSE OF MCAS EL TORO
AND THE AIRPORT SYSTEM MASTER PLAN FOR THE JOHN WAYNE AIRPORT AND PROPOSED

ORANGE COUNTY INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
VOLUME 1
LIST OF ACRONYMS LOA I

1.0 SUMMARY AND INTRODUCTION l l 1.1 General Introduction l l
1.1.1 Proposed Proj ect l l
1 .2 History And Background l 2 1.2.1 MCAS El Toro 1 2

1.2.2 John Wayne Airport l 3
1.3 Relationship to EIR No 563 l 3
1.4 Areas Of Controversy l 5
1.5 Issues to be Resolved l 6
1 .6 Environmental Setting Existing Conditions l 6 1.6.1 No Project Alternative l 7

1 .7 Organization of the EIR l 7 1.8 Referenced Documents and Availability of Studies and Reports l 8
1.9 Summary of Significant Effects of the Proposed Project and Mitigation
Measures and Alternatives that will Reduce or Avoid that Effect 1 10
1.9.1 Land Use l 10
1.9.2 General Plan Consistency l 11 1.9.3 Transportation and Circulation l l 1

1.9.4 Noise l 12 1.9.5 Air Quality 1 13
1.9.6 Soils Geology and Seismicity l 15
1.9.7 Hydrology and Water Quality l 15 1.9.8 Public Services and Utilities l 16

1.9.9 Natural Resources and Energy l 17
l 9.10 Recreation 1 18
l 9.11 Hazardous Wastes and Gzardous Materials Use 1 19 1.9.12 Socioeconomics l 20

1.9.13 Risk of Upset l 21

County of Orange EIR No 573 I Table of Contents 2
2 Page 3 4
2.0
3.0

1.9.14 Summary Of Cumulative Effects Of The Proposed Project And Mitigation Measures That Would Lessen Or Avoid That Effect 1 2 1
1.9.15 Level of Significance After Mitigation l 23

PROJECT HlSTORY AND SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSED
PROJECT 2 1 2 .1 Project Background 2 l

2.1.1 History Of the El Toro Military Base Closure Process .2 l 2.1.2 MCAS EL Toro Community Reuse Plan CRP And Final EIR 563.2 2

2.1.3 Litigation Regarding Final EIR 563 and the Courts Judgments .2 4 2.1.4 Transition From CRP to ASMP and Open Space Plan .2 5
2.2 Project Purpose and Need 2 6 2.2.1 Aviation Demand 2 -7
2.2.2 Other Purpose and Need Factors 2 9 2.3 Project Objectives 2 l 1
2.3.1 General Project Objectives 2 11 2.3.2 Aviation Related Planning Objectives 2 12
2.3.3 Ability Of The Proposed Project And Alternatives To Satisfy The Project Objectives 2 13
2.4 Public Coordination and Participation 2 14 2.4.1 Notice of Preparation 2 14
2.4.2 Public Scoping Meeting 2 15 2.4.3 Distribution of the Draft EIR 2 15

2.5 Relationship to Federal Environmental Processes 2 15

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT 3 l 3.1 Introduction and Project Summary 3 l
3 .1 .1 Airport System Master Plan 3 3 3.1.2 Base Transition Plan 3 -5
3.2 Project Location 3 -5 3.3 Project Overview 3 5
3.3.1 OCX Proposed Aviation Facility Improvements 3 -6 3.3.2 Nonaviation Revenue Support Uses 3 16
3.3.3 Base Transition Plan 3 26 3.3.4 Interim Aviation Uses 3 27
3.3.5 JWA Facility Improvements for the Proposed Project -3 27 3.3.6 Proposed Aviation Activity for the Two Airport System -3 32
3.4 Summary of CRP Project Addressed in EIR No 563 3 35 3 .4 .1 Comparison of Proposed Project with the Community Reuse Plan 3 35
3.5 Phasing 3 40 3.5.1 Phase 1 2000 2005 3 58
3.5.2 Phase 2 2006 2010 3 63 3.5.3 Phase3 2011 2015 3 65
3.5.4 Phase 4 2016 2020 3 65

Table of Contents I County of Orange EIR No 573 3
3 Page 4 5
3.6 Summary of Proposed Actions 3 66
3.6.1 County Implementing Actions and Discretionary Approvals .3 66
3.7 Intended Uses of the EIR 3 67 3.7.1 Approvals For Which The EIR Will Be Used 3 67

4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING iMPACTS AND MITIGATION
MEASURES 4 1 Introduction Organization and Content 4 l

4.1 Land Use 4.1 1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.1.4
4.1.5
4.1.6
4.1.7
4.1.8
4.1.9

I 4.2 General
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4
4.2.5
4.2.6
4.2.7
4.2.8
4.2.9

Summary of Conclusions in Final EIR No 563 4.1 l Final EIR No 563 Supplemental Analysis 4.1 2
Environmental Setting Existing Conditions 4.1 2
Methodology 4.1 7 Thresholds of Significance 4.1 7

Project Impacts 4.1 8 Mitigation Measures 4.1 28
Level of Significance After Mitigation 4.1 30 No Project No Activity Comparison 4.1 31

Dlan Consistency 4.2 l Summary of Conclusions in EIR No 563 4.2 l
Final EIR No 563 Supplemental Analysis 4.2 2 Environmental Setting Existing Conditions 4.2 2
Methodology 4.2 l 1 Thresholds of Significance 4.2 l 1
Project Impacts 4.2 l 1 Mitigation Measures 4.2 l 8
Level of Significance After Mitigation 4.2 20 No Project bJo Activity Comparison 4.2 20

4.3 Transportation And Circulation 4.3 l
4.3.1 Summary of Conclusions in Final EIR No 563 4.3 l
4.3.2 Final EIR No 563 Supplemental Analysis 4.3 2
4.3.3 Environmental Setting Existing Conditions 4.3 3
4.3.4 Methodology 4.3 8
4.3.5 Thresholds of Significance 4.3 l 1
4.3.6 Project Impacts 4.3 15
4.3.7 Mitigation Measures 4.3 43
4.3.8 Level of Significance Afkr Mitigation 4.3 52
4.3 -9 No Project No Activity Comparison 4.3 52

County of Orange EIR No 573 1H Table of Contents 4
4 Page 5 6
4.4 Noise 4.4 l 4.4.1 Summary of Conclusions in Final EIR No 563 4.4 l
4.4.2 Final EIR No 563 Supplemental Analysis 4.4 2 4.4.3 Environmental Setting Existing Conditions 4.4 2
4.4.4 Methodology 4.4 45 4.4.5 Regulatory Setting 4.4 46
4.4.6 Project Impacts 4.4 56 4.4.7 Potential Mitigation Approaches 4.4 141
4.4.8 Mitigation Measures 4.4 l 78 4.4.9 Level of Significance After Mitigation 4.4 l 83
4.4.10 No Project No Activity Comparison 4.4 l 84
4.5 Air Quality l I 4.5 l 4.5.1
4.5.2
4.5.3 4.5.4
4.5.5 4.5.6
4.5.7 4.5.8
4.5.9 4.5.10
4.5.11

Summary of Conclusions in EIR No 563 4.5 l Summary of Conclusions in Final EIR No 563 Supplemental
Analysis 4.5 2 Summary of Conclusions in EIR No 573 4.5 4
Environmental Setting Existing Conditions 4.5 6 Methodology 4.5 36
Thresholds of Significance 4.5 36 Project Impacts 4.5 40
Mitigation Measures 4.5 75 No Project No Activity Comparison 4.5 86
Level of Significance After Mitigation 4.5 87 Air Toxics 4.5 87

VOLUME 2A
4.6 Landform And Topography 4.6 l 4.6.1 Summary of Conclusions in Final EIR No 563 4.6 l

4.6.2 Final EIR No 563 Supplemental Analysis 4.6 2 4.6.3 Environmental Setting Existing Conditions 4.6 2
4.6.4 Methodology 4.6 3 4.6.5 Thresholds of Significance 4.6 3
4.6.6 Project Impacts 4.6 4 4.6.7 Mitigation Measures 4.6 7
4.6.8 Level of Significance Afier Mitigation 4.6 8 4.6.9 No Project No Activity Comparison 4.6 8

4.7 Soils Geology And Seismic 4.7 l 4.7.1 Summary of Conclusions in Final EIR No 563 4.7 1
4.7.2 Final EIR No 563 Supplemental Analysis 4.7 2 4.7.3 Environmental Setting Existing Conditions 4.7 2
4.7.4 Methodology 4.7 l 2

Table of Contents h County of Orange EIR No 573 5
5 Page 6 7
4.7.5 Thresholds of Significance 4.7 12
4.7.6 Project Impacts 4.7 12
4.7.7 Mitigation Measures 4.7 16
4.7.8 Level of Significance After Mitigation 4.7 18
4.7.9 No Project No Activity Comparison 4.7 18

4.8 Hydrology and Water Quality 4.8 l 4.8.1 Summary of Conclusions in Final EIR No 563 4.8 l
4.8.2 Final EIR No 563 Supplemental Analysis 4.8 2
4.8.3 Environmental Setting Existing Conditions 4.8 2
4.8.4 Methodology Related to Hydrology and Water Quality .4.8 15
4.8.5 Thresholds of Significance 4.8 16 4.8.6 Project Impacts 4.8 16

4.8.7 Mitigation Measures 4.8 27
4.8.8 Level of Significance After Mitigation 4.8 34
4.8.9 No Project Jo Activity Comparison 4.8 34

4.9 Biological Resources 4.9 l
4.9.1 Summary of Conclusions in EIR No 563 4.9 1 4.9.2 Final EIR No 563 Supplemental Analysis 4.9 2

4.9.3 Environmental Setting Existing Conditions 4.9 2
4.9.4 Methodology 4.9 23
4.9.5 Thresholds of Significance 4.9 24
4.9.6 Project Impacts 4.9 27 4.9.7
Mitigation Measures 4.9 52 4.9.8 Level of Significance After Mitigation 4.9 56

4.9.9 No Project No Activity Comparison 4.9 57
4.10 Public Services And Utilities 4.10 l
4.10.1 Summary of Conclusions of Final EIR No 563 4.10 l
4.10.2 Final EIR No 563 Supplemental Analysis 4.1 O 4
4.10.3 Environmental Setting Existing Conditions 4.10 4
4.10.4 Methodology 4.10 18
4.10.5 Thresholds of Significance 4.10 18 4.10.6 Proposed Transit Serving Improvements MCAS El Toro 4.10 20

4.10.7 Project Impacts 4.1 u 20
4.10.8 Phasing and Base Transition Plan 4.10 48
4.10.9 Mitigation Measures 4.1 O 48
4.10.10 Level of Significance AAer Mitigation 4.10 53 4.10.11 No Project No Activity Comparison 4.10 54

4.11 Natural Resources and Energy 4.11 1 4.11.1 Summary of Conclusions in EIR No 563 4.1 l l
4.112 Effects Determined to be Mitigated to Below a Level of
Significance 4.1 l 2

County of Orange EIR No 573 u Table of Contents 6
6 Page 7 8
4.11.3 Final EIR No 563 SupplementaI Analysis 4.11 2 4.11.4 Environmental Setting Existing Conditions 4.1 l 3
4.11.5 Methodology 4.1 l 9 4.11.6 Thresholds of Significance 4.1 l 9
4.11.7 Proposed Project Natural Resources and Energy .4.11 11 4.11.8 Project Impacts 4.11 11
4.11.9 Mitigation Measures 4.1 l 23 4.11.10 Level of Significance Afker Mitigation 4.11 28
4.11.11 No Project No Activity Comparison 4.1 l 28
4.12 Aesthetics Light and Glare 4.12 1 4.12.1 Summary of Conclusions in FEIR No 563 4.12 1
4.12.2 Final EIR No 563 Supplemental AnaIysis 4.12 l 4.12.3 Environmental Setting Existing Conditions 4.12 2
4.12.4 Methodology 4.12 5 4.12.5 Thresholds of Significance 4.12 6
4.12.6 Project Impacts 4.12 7 4.12.7 Precautionary Mitigation Measures 4.12 13
4.12.8 Level of Significance Afier Mitigation 4.12 14 4.12.9 No Project No Activity Comparison 4.12 14

4.13 Cultural Resources 4.13 l 4.13.1 Summary of Conclusions in Final EIR No 563 4.13 1
4.13.2 Final EIR No 563 Supplemental Analysis 4.13 1 4.13.3 Environmental Setting Existing Conditions 4.13 2
4.13.4 Methodology 4.13 3 4.13.5 Thresholds of Significance 4.13 4
4.13.6 Project Impacts 4.13 5 4.13.7 Mitigation Measures 4.13 7
4.13.8 Level of Significance After Mitigation 4.13 9 4.13.9 No ProjectMo Activity Comparison 4.13 9

4.14 Recreation 4.14 l 4.14.1 Summary Of Conclusions In Final EIR No 563 4.14 1
4.14.2 Final EIR No 563 Supplemental Analysis 4.14 l 4.14.3 Environmental Setting Existing Conditions 4.14 1
4.14.4 Methodology 4.14 8 4.14.5 Thresholds Of Significance 4.14 9
4.14.6 Proposed Recreational Amenities MCAS El Toro 4.14 9 4.14.7 Project Impacts 4.14 12
4.14.8 Mitigation Measures 4.14 19 4.14.9 Level Of Significance After Mitigation 4.14 21
4.14.10 No Project No Activity Comparison 4.14 21

Table of Contents rl County of Orange EIR No 573 7
7 Page 8 9
4.15 Public Safety 4.15 l 4.15.1 Summary of Conclusions in Final EIRNo 563 4.15 l
4.15.2 Final EIR No 563 Supplemental Analysis 4.15 2 4.15.3 Environmental Setting Existing Conditions 4.15 2
4.15.4 Methodology 4.15 l 1 4.15.5 Thresholds of Significance 4.15 12
4.15.6 Proposed Project Features Relevant to Aviation Safety Issues .4.15 l 5 4.15.7 Project Impacts Air Safety 4.15 16
4.15.8 Mitigation Measures 4 1 5 2 9 4.15.9 Level of Significance After Mitigation 4.15 3 1
4.15.10 No Project No Activity Comparison 4.15 3 1
4.16 Hazardous Wastes and Hazardous Materials Use 4.16 1 4.16.1 Summary of Conclusions in Final EIR No 563 4.16 l
4.16.2 Final EIR No 563 SupplementaI Analysis 4.16 3 4.16.3 Environmental Setting Existing Conditions 4.16 3
4.16.4 Methodology 4.16 22 4.16.5 Threshold of Significance 4.16 23
4.16.6 Project Impacts 4.16 24 4.16.7 Mitigation Measures 4.16 51
4.16.8 Level of Significance After Mitigation 4.16 56 4.16.9 No ProjectNo Activity Comparison 4.16 56

4.17 Socioeconomics 4.17 1 4.17.1 Summary Of Conclusions In Final EIR No 563 4.17 1
4.17.2 Final EIR No 563 Supplemental Analysis 4.17 2 4.17.3 Environmental Setting Existing Conditions 4.17 2
4.17.4 Methodology 4.17 10 4.17.5 Thresholds Of Significance 4.17 10
4.17.6 Project Impacts 4.17 11 4.17.7 Mitigation Measures 4.17 20
4.17.8 Level Of Significance After Mitigation 4.17 21 4.17.9 No Project No Activity Comparison 4.17 22

4.18 Risk of Upset 4.18 1 4.18.1 Summary of Conclusions in Final EIR No 563 4.18 l
4.18.2 Final EIR No 563 Supplemental Analysis 4.18 l 4.18.3 Environmental Setting Existing Conditions 4.18 2
4.18.4 Methodology 4.18 3 4.18.5 Thresholds of Significance 4.18 12
4.18.6 Proposed Project Land Uses 4.18 12 4.18.7 Project Impacts 4.18 14
4.18.8 Mitigation Measures 4.18 30 4.18.9 Level of Significance After Mitigation 4.18 34
4.18.10 No Project No Activity Comparison 4.18 34
County of Orange EIR No 573 VII Table of Contents 8
8 Page 9 10
VOLUME 2B
5.0 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS 5 1 5 .1 CEQA Definition Of Cumulative Impacts 5 l
5.1.1 Methodology 5 l
51.2 Geographic Area 5 5 5.1.3 Criteria for Selection 5 6

5.2 Summary Of Conclusions In Final EIR No 563 5 6 5 .2 .1 Land Use 5 -7
5.2.2 Transportation and Circulation 5 -7 5.2.3 Noise 5 7
5.2.4 Hydrology and Water Quality 5 -8 5.2.5 Public Service and Utilities 5 -8
5.2.6 Natural Resources and Energy 5 -9 5.2.7 Cultural Resources 5 -9
5.2.8 Socioeconomics 5 -9 5 .3 Reasonably Foreseeable Probable Future Projects 5 10
5 .3 .1 County of Orange Jurisdiction Land Use Projects 5 12 5.3.2 City Jurisdictions Land Use Projects 5 15
5.3.3 Transportation Land Use Projects 5 43 5.3.4 Other Laud Use Projects 5 46
5.3.5 Non Planned Land Use Projects 5 49 5.4 Cumulative Impacts By Resource Area 5 50
5 .4 .1 5.4.2

5.4.3 5.4.4
5.4.5 5.4.6
5.4.7 5.4.8

5.4.9 5.4.10
5.4.11 5.4.12
5.4.13 5.4.14
5.4.15

Potenkal C ulative Impacts Related to Land Use 5 50 Potential Cumulative Impacts Related to General Plan
Consistency 5 55 Transportation and Circulation 5 57
Potential Cumulative Impacts Related to Noise 5 63 Potential Cumulative Impacts Related to Air Quality 5 65

Topography 5 67
Soils Geology and Seismicity 5 68 Potential Cumulative Impacts Related to Hydrology and Water

Qdity 5 68 Potential Cumulative Impact Related to Biological Resources 5 69
Potential Cumulative Impacts Related to Public Services and Utilities 5 72

Natural Resources and Energy 5 76 Potential Cumulative Impacts Related to Aesthetics Light and
Glare 5 79
Potential Cumulative Impacts Related to Cultural Resources 5 80 Potential Cumulative Impacts Related to Recreation 5 8 1

Potential Cumulative Impacts Related to Public Health and Safety 5 82

Table of Contents VIII County of Orange EIR No 573 9
9 Page 10 11
6.0
7.0
8.0

5.4.16 Potential Cumulative Impacts Related to Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste 5 83
5.4.17 Potential Cumulative impacts Related to Socioeconomics .5 84 54.18 Potential Cumulative Impacts Related To The Risk of Upset 5 86

LONG TERM IMPLICATIONS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT .6 l 6 .1 Significant Irreversible Environmental Changes That Would be Caused
by the Proposed Project Should it be Implemented 6 1 6.2 Growth Inducing Impacts of the Proposed Project 6 -2
6 .3 CEQA Definition Of Growth Inducing Impacts 6 -2 6.4 Potential Growth Inducing Impacts By Alternative 6 -3
6.4.1 Potential Growth Inducing Impacts Of The Proposed Project Reuse Alternative A 6 -3

SlGNlFtCANT UNAVOIDABLE ADVERSE IMPACTS 7 1 7.1 Overview 7 1
7.2 Significant Unavoidable Adverse Impacts Under The Proposed Project 7 1

ALTERNATIVES 8 1 8.1 Introduction 8 l
8 .1 .1 Final EIR No 563 Alternatives 8 l 8.1.2 ASMP Alternatives 8 -2
8.1.3 Introduction to EIR Alternatives 8 3 8 .2 No Project No Activity Alternative Alternative E JWA Status Quo
Aviation Roles No Aviation Reuse at Former MCAS El Toro 8 -9 82.1 Aviation Uses 8 -9
8.2.2 Nonaviation Revenue Support Uses 8 -9 8.2.3 Attainment of Project Objectives 8 -9
8.2.4 Environmental Impacts of the No Project No Activity Alternative 8 10 8.2.5 Conclusions 8 29
8 .3 ETWA Nonaviation Plan Alternative 8 3 1 8.3.1 Aviation Uses 8 3 1
8.3.2 Nonaviation Revenue Support Uses 8 31 8.3.3 Phasing Build Out Over 20 Years 8 32
8.3.4 Attainment of Project Objectives 8 33 8.3.5 Environmental Impacts of the ETRPA Nonaviation Plan
Alternative 8 33 8.3.6 Feasibility 8 80
8.3 -7 Conclusions 8 82 8.4 Alternative A JWA Status Quo Aviation Roles QCX Full Domestic
-8 83 8 .4 .1 Aviation Uses 8 83

8.4.2 Nonaviation Revenue Support Uses 8 83 8.4.3 Attainment of Project Objectives 8 84
8.4.4 Environmental Impacts of Alternative A 8 84

County of Orange EIR No 573 lx Table of Contents 10
10 Page 11 12
8.4.5 Feasibility 8 104
8.4.6 Conclusions 8 104 8.5 Alternative C JWA Short Kaul UCX Medium Haul to Full InternationaI

Linked Air Service s105
8.5.1 Aviation Uses 8105 8.5.2 Nonaviation Revenue Support Uses 8105

8.5.3 Attainment of Project Objectives 8 106
8.5.4 Environmental Impacts of Alternative C 8 106
8.5.5 Feasibility 8 124 8.5.6 Conclusions 8 124

8.6 Alternative F JWA Short to Limited Long Haul With Limited General
Aviation No Aviation Reuse at Former MCAS El Toro 8 125
8.6.1 Aviation Uses 8 125 8.6.2 Nonaviation Revenue Support Uses 8 126

8.6.3 Attainment of Project Objectives 8 126
8.6.4 Environmental Impacts of Alternative F 8 126
8.6.5 Feasibility 8 141
8.6.6 Conclusions 8 142 8.7 Alternative G JWA Limited International No Aviation Reuse at Former

MCAS El Toro 8 143 8.7.1 Aviation Uses 8 143
8.7.2 Nonaviation Revenue Support Uses 8 144
8.7.3 Attainment of Project Objectives 8 144
8.7.4 Environmental Impacts of Alternative G 8 144
8.7.5 Feasibility 8 162 8.7.6 Conclusions 8 163

8.8 Alternative J JWA Status Quo Aviation Roles OCX Full International
With Widely Spaced Runways 8 165 8.8.1 Aviation Uses 8 165

8.8.2 Nonaviation Revenue Support Uses 8 165
8.8.3 Attainment of Project Objectives 8 165
8.8.4 Environmental Impacts of Alternative J 8 166
8.8.5 Feasibility 8 168
8.8.6 Conclusions 8 168 8.9 Alternative OCX Airport Runway Layout Wildlands Ranch Alternative
.8 169 8.9.1 Aviation Uses 8 169

8.9.2 OCX Facility Improvements for the Wildlands Ranch Alternative
October 5,1999 Submittal 8 177
8.9.3 Nonaviation Revenue Support Uses 8 184
8.9.4 Environmental Impacts of Wildlands Ranch Alternative .8 l 85
8.9.5 Conclusions 8 188 8.10 Land Use Alternatives at Former MCAS El Toro 8 189

8.10.1 Nonaviation Revenue Support Area Alternative 1 8 189 8.10.2 Environmental Impacts of Nonaviation Revenue Support Area
Alternative 1 8 191
Table of Contents I County of Orange EIR No 573 11
11 Page 12 13
8.10.3 Nonaviation Revenue Support Area Alternative 2 8 195 8.10.4 Environmental Impacts of Nonaviation Revenue Support Area
Alternative 2 8 197 8.11 Alternative K JWA Status Quo Aviation Roles Alternative Airport
Site Full Domestic to Full International No Aviation Reuse at MCAS El Toro 8 203
8 I 1.1 CEQA Requirements for Alternative Sites 8 203 8.11.2 Previous Studies of Alternative Airport Sites 8 203
8.11.3 Alternative Sites Evaluated for EIR No 573 8 205 8.12 Environmentally Superior Alternative 8 206
8.12.1 Introduction 8 206 8.12.2 No Project No Activity Impacts Summary 8 206
8.12.3 Environmentally Superior Alternative 8 207 8.13 Comparison of the Environmental Impacts of the Project Alternatives 8 208
8.14 Alternatives Considered but Rejected 8 210 8.14.1 One Airport Scenarios Not Carried Forward 8 210
8.14.2 Unlinked Two Airport Scenarios Not Carried Fonvard 8 2 12 8.14.3 Linked Two Airport Scenarios Not Carried Forward 8 2 16

9.0 INVENTORY OF MITIGATION MEASURES 9 l 9.1 Introduction 9 1
9.1.1 Standard Conditions Of Approval 9 l 9.2 Mitigation Related To Land Use 9 l
9.2.1 Final EIR No 563 Mitigation Measures 9 l 9.2.2 Additional Precautionary Mitigation Measures 9 2
9.3 Mitigation Related To General Plan Consistency 9 -3 9.3.1 Final EIR No 563 Mitigation Measures 9 -3
9.3.2 Additional Mitigation Measures 9 4 9.4 Mitigation Related To Transportation And Circulation 9 4
9.4.1 Final EIR No 563 And EIR No 563 Supplemental Analysis Mitigation Measures 9 4
9.4.2 DEIR No 573 Additional Mitigation Measures 9 7 9 .5 Mitigation Related To Noise 9 8
9.5.1 Final EIR No 563 Mitigation Measures 9 8 9.5.2 Proposed Mitigation Measures 9 10
9.6 Mitigation Related To Air Quality 9 m 9.6.1 Final EIR No 563 Mitigation Measures 9 10
9.6.2 Mitigation Measures Updating The Final EIR No 563 Mitigation 9 12 9.6.3 Additional Mitigation Measures 9 17
9.7 Mitigation Related To Soils Geology And Seismicity 9 18 9.7.1 Final EIR No 563 Mitigation Measures 9 18
9.8 Mitigation Related To Hydrology And Water Quality 9 19 9.8.1 Mitigation Measures Identified In Final EIR No 563 9 l 9

County of Orange EIR No 573 XI Table of Contents 12
12 Page 13 14
9.8.2 Mitigation Measures Identified In Final EIR No 563 Final Supplemental Analysis 9 21
9.9 Mitigation Related To Biological Resources 9 23 9 .9 .1 Final EIR No 563 Mitigation Measures 9 23
9.9.2 Additional Mitigation Measures 9 23 9.10 Mitigation Related To Public Services And Utilities 9 27
9.10.1 Find EIR No 563 Mitigation Measures 9 27 9.10.2 Additional Mitigation Measures 9 28
9.11 Mitigation Related To Natural Resources And Energy 9 29 4.11 l Final EIR No 563 Mitigation Measures 9 29
9.11.2 Final EIR No 563 Supplemental Analysis Mitigation Measures .9 30 9.12 Mitigation Related To Aesthetics Light And Glare 9 3 1
9.12.1 Final EIR No 563 Mitigation Measures 9 31 9.13 Mitigation Related To Cultural Resources 9 3 1
9.13.1 Final EIR No 563 Mitigation Measures 9 3 1 9.14 Mitigation Related To Recreation 9 32
9.14.1 Final EIR No 563 Mitigation Measures 9 32 9.14.2 Additional Mitigation Measures 9 32
9.15 Mitigation Related To Public Safety 9 33 9.16 Mitigation Related To Hazardous Wastes And Hazardous Materials Use .9 33
9.16.1 Final EIR No 563 Mitigation Measures 9 33 9.16.2 Additional Mitigation Measures 9 35

9.17 Mitigation Related To Socioeconomics 9 37 9.17.1 Final EIR No 563 Mitigation Measures 9 37
9.18 Mitigation Related To Risk Of Upset 9 38 9.18.1 Additional Mitigation Measures 9 38
9.19 Mitigation Related To Cumulative Impacts 9 38 9.20 Standard Conditions 9 38

IO 0 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS FOUND NOT TO BE
SlGNlFlCANT 10 1

11 O PERSONS AND ORGANIZATlONS CONSULTED a 11 I
12.0 LIST OF PREPARERS AND CONTRIBUTORS m mm m 1 Z 1
13.0 REFERENCES I 13 1

TabIe of Contents xi County of Orange EIR No 573 13
13 Page 14 15
VOLUME 3 GRAPHICS
APPENDICES
A
B
c
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
Is
L
M

Notice of Preparation and Initial Study
Comments on the Notice of Preparation
Technical Reports Land Use Compatibility and General Plan Consistency
Technical Report Trafk Analysis
Technical Report Noise Analysis
Technical Repoti Air Quality Analysis
Technical Report Hydrology
Technical Report Biological Resources
Technical Report Hazardous Materials
Alternative Project Sites
Consistency with SCAG Policies
County of Urange Standard Conditions of Approval 1998
Technical Report Public Safety

County of Orange EIR No 573 xiii Table of Contents 14
14 Page 15 16
LIST OF TABLES
Table l 1 Project Related Documents l 9 Table 3 1 Proposed Project Uses Acreages By Planning Area 3 4
Table 3 2 Facilities at MCAS El Toro Proposed for Interim Nonaviation Reuse 3 28
Table 3 3 Major Buildings at MCAS El Toro Considered for Potential Aviation Reuse .3 30
Table 3 4 Summary of Facility Requirements for Proposed Project at JWA 2020 .3 3 1
Table 3 5 Requirements for General Aviation at JWA 2005 to 2020 3 32
Table 3 6 Summary Of Aviation Activity Forecasts For The Proposed Project 2005 To 2020 3 34

Table 3 7 Comparison of the Community Reuse Plan and the Airport System Master Plan 3 36 Table 3 8 Comparison of Proposed Project and the 1996 Community Reuse Plan .3 38
Table 3 9 Summary List of Improvements at OCX and JWA Recommended in the Airport
System Master Plan to 2020 3 41
Table 3 10 Demolition Construction Schedule at OCX 3 57 Table 3 l 1 Proposed Nonaviation Revenue Support Uses and Locations 3 59

Table 3 12 Proposed Agricultural Use Parcels at OCX Phase 1 3 61
Table 4 l l Proposed Agricultural Use 4.1 19 Table 4.2 l Summary Orange County General Plan Consistency Topics Identified in

EIR No 563 4.2 3 Table 4.3 l Comparison of CRP and Proposed Project Trip Generation 4.3 l
Table 4.3 2 Long Range Year 2020 Impacted Arterial Miles EIR No 563 .4.3 l
Table 4.3 3 Existing 1995 Impacted Arterial Miles EIR No 563 FSA 4.3 2
Table 4.3 4 Existing Trip Generation Summary 4.3 5
Table 4.3 5 Deficient Locations Based on Existing Levels of Service 4.3 7 Table 4.3 6 Analyzed Scenarios 4.3 9

Table 4.3 7 Roadway Level of Service LOS Descriptions 4.3 12
Table 4.3 S Trip Generation Summary Proposed Project at Build Out 4.3 l 6
Table 4.3 9 Proposed Project Access Improvements 4.3 l 7
Table 4.3 l 0 Existing Plus Proposed Project Impact Summary 4.3 23
Table 4.3 l 1 Build Out 2020 Proposed Project Impact Summary 4.3 25 Table 4.3 12 Trip Generation Summary Base Transition Plan Pre Phase 1 Land Uses 4.3 26

Table 4.3 13 Trip Generation Summary Proposed Project Phase 1 4.3 28 Table 4.3 l 4 Phase 1 2005 Proposed Project Impact Summary 4 3 2 9
Table 4.3 15 Trip Generation Summary Proposed Project Phase 2 4.3 30
Table 4.3 16 Phase 2 2010 Proposed Project Impact Summary 4.3 3 1
Table 4.3 17 Trip Generation Summary Proposed Project Phase 3 4.3 32
Table 4.3 18 Phase 3 2015 Proposed Project Impact Summary 4.3 33 Table 4.3 l 9 Proposed Project Access Improvements 4.3 48

Table 4.3 20 Proposed Project Impact Mitigation Improvements 4.3 5 1 Table 4.4 l Factors That Affect Individual Annoyance to Noise 4.4 5
Table 4.4 2 Land Uses Within the 1981 AICUZ 65 dB CNEL Contour 4.4 I 5
Table 4.4 3 1998 MCAS El Toro Aircraft Operations 4.4 16

Table of Contents niu County of Orange EIR No 573 15
15 Page 16 17
Table 4.4 4 Average Daily MCAS El Toro Aircraft Operations Percent by Time of Day for Calendar Year 1998 4.4 16
Table 4.4 5 MCAS El Ton Aircraft Types by Percent of Daily Operations for Calendar Year 1998 4.4 17
Table 4.4 6 Average Daily Jet Operations by Flight Corridor at the MCAS El Toro in Calendar Year 1998 4.4 18
Table 4.4 7 1998 MCAS El Toro Average Daily Runway Usage 4.4 20 Table 4.4 8 Existing 1998 MCAS El Toro CNEL Area In Acres 4.4 2 1
Table 4.4 9 Land Use Summary for the 1998 Existing Condition and 1981 AICUZ 65 dB CNEL Contours 4.4 2 1
Table 4.4 10 Specific Receptor Locations and Existing Land Uses 4.4 22
Table 4.4 l 1 CNEL at Sensitive Receptor Locations for Calendar Year 1998 MCAS El
Toro Military Operations 4.4 23 Table 4.4 12 SENEL for Military F A l 8 Operations 4.4 24

Table 4.4 13 SENEL for Various Military Aircraft Operations 4.4 25 Table 4.4 14 1998 JWA Air Carrier Operations by Percent of Aircraft Type .4.4 29
Table 4.4 15 JWA 1998 CNEL at Noise Monitoring Sites 4.4 30 Table 4.4 16 Sample Energy Average SENEL by Noise Monitoring Sites for JWA for the
Fourth Quarter of 1998 4.4 3 1 Table 4.4 17 Time Above Values for Existing 1998 JWA Aircraft Operations in Average
Minutes Per Day 4.4 32 Table 4.4 l 8 Arterial Road Vehicle Mix Data Traffic Distribution By Time of Day
Shown as a Percent of Average Daily Traffic 4.4 33 Table 4.4 19 Contour Distances for Existing Conditions on Orange County Roads 4.4 34
Table 4.4 20 County of Change Land Use Compatibility Criteria 4.4 52 Table 4.4 2 1 County of Orange Land Use Compatibility Criteria Explanations and
Definitions 4.4 5 3 Table 4.4 22 FHWA Noise Abatement Criteria for Highway Construction Projects 4.4 54
Table 4.4 23 Annual and Daily Year 2020 Operations by Time of Day at OCX .4.4 57 Table 4.4 24 Year 2020 Daily Operations by Runway at OCX 4.4 57
Table 4.4 25 Interim Year Operations At OCX Under the Proposed Project .4.4 58 Table 4.4 26 Summary of OCX Year 2020 Operations by Aircraft Type 4.4 5 9
Table 4.4 27 Interim Year Fleet Mix at QCX 4.4 60 Table 4.4 28 Year 2020 Daily Departures at OCX by Stage Length for the Proposed
Project 4.4 64 Table 4.4 29 Land Use Comparison 1998 Military and 2020 Proposed Project .4.4 68
Table 4.4 29a Land Use Comparison Table Military CRP and Alternative B Year 2005 2010,2015 and 2020 4.4 69
Table 4.4 30 Comparison Of 1998 And 2020 CNEL At Sensitive Receptor Locations For The Proposed Project 4.4 7 1
Table 4.4 30a Comparison of CNEL Alternative B Years 2005,2010,2015 and 2020 .4.4 72 Table 4.4 3 1 Corridor Comparison of 1998 Military Operations and Noise and the
Proposed Project 4.4 75 Table 4.4 32 Aggregation of Aircraft Operations into Aircraft 4.4 76

County of Orange EIR No 573 XI Table of Contents 16
16 Page 17 18
Table 4.4 33 Comparison of Existing Military Jet Average Daily Operations with Civilian Aviation Jet Operations by Flight Corridor 4.4 77
Table 4.4 34 Time Above Data at Sensitive Receptors for 1998 Military and 2020 Proposed Project 4 4 7 9
Table 4.4.34a Time Above Data for Year 2020 Alternative B at Sensitive Receptor Locations Compared with Years 2005,201O and 2015,24 Hour Exposure -4.4 8 1
Table 4.4,34b Time Above Data for Year 2020 Alternative B at Sensitive Receptor Locations Compared With Years 2005,201O and 2015 Night Hours Only
10pm 7am 4.4 82 Table 4.4 35 Time Above 65 dBA for Existing Military and the Proposed Project
Operations 4.4 83 Table 4.4 36 2020 Annual and Daily Operations by Time of Day at JWA 4.4 84
Table 4.4 37 Summary of JWA Operations by Aircraft Type for the Proposed Project .4.4 85 Table 4.4 38 2020 Daily Operations by Runway for JWA 4.4 86
Table 4.4 39 2020 Aircraft Stage Lengths for JWA for the Proposed Project Average Daily Departures 4.4 86
Table 4.4 40 Aircraft Takeoff Profiles for JWA 4.4 87 Table 4.4 41 Land Use Comparison for 1998 and 2020 for JWA Area in Square Miles -4.4 88
Table 4.4 42 Comparison of 1998 and 2020 CNEL at JWA Sensitive Receptor Locations for the Proposed Project 4.4 89
Table 4.4 43 Time Above Data for JWA 1998 and 2020 Under the Proposed Project at Sensitive Receptor Locations 4490
Table 4.4 44 Road Noise Level Changes for Future Conditions 4.4 94 Table 4.4 45 Road Noise Level Increases Greater than 1.5 4.4 l 17
Table 4.4 46 Contour Distances for Future Conditions Under the Proposed Project .4.4 127 Table 4.4 47 Utilization of RW 34 Right Turn by Aircraft Type and Stage Length 4.4 155
Table 4.4 48 Comparison of Years 1998 and 2020 CNEL at Sensitive Receptor Locations for Mitigation Alternative 1 Night Preferential Runway System 4.4 157
Table 4.4 49 Time Above Data for Year 2020 Alternative B at Sensitive Receptor Locations Compared With Night Preferential Runway Alternative 1 Night Hours Only 1 Opm 7W
4.4 158
Table 4.4 50 Time Above Data for Year 2020 Alternative B at Sensitive Receptor Locations Compared With Night Preferential Runway Alternative 1,24 Hour

Exposure 4.4 159 Table 4.4 51 Comparison of Years 1998 and 2020 CNEL at Sensitive Receptor
Locations for Mitigation Alternative 2 Night Curfew 4.4 161 Table 4.4 52 Time Above Data for Year 2020 Alternative B at Sensitive Receptor

Locations Compared With Night Curfew Alternative 2 Night Exposure lUpm 7am 4.4 162
Table 4.4 53 Time Above Data for Year 2020 Alternative B at Sensitive Receptor Locations Compared With Night Curfew Alternative 2,24 Hour Exposure .4.4 163
Table 4.4 54 Comparison of Years 1998 and 2020 CNEL at Sensitive Receptor Locations for Mitigation Alternative 3 Night SENEL 86 Limit 4.4 l 65

Table of Contents ml County of Orange ETR No 573 17
17 Page 18 19
Table 4.4 55 Time Above Data for Year 2020 Alternative B at Sensitive Receptor Locations Compared With 86 SENEL Night Limit Alternative 2 Night Exposure
lOpm 7am 4.4 l 66 Table 4.4 56 Time Above Data for Year 2020 Alternative B at Sensitive Receptor
Locations Compared With 86 SENEL Night Limit Alternative 2,24 Hour Exposure 4.4 167
Table 4.4 57 Comparison of Years 1998 and 2020 CNEL at Sensitive Receptor Locations for Mitigation Alternative 4 Right Turn Runway 34 Departures 4.4 168
Table 4.4 58 Time Above Data for Year 2020 Alternative B at Sensitive Receptor Locations Compared With Runway 34 North Right Turn Alternative 4 Night Exposure
lOpm 7am 4.4 169 Table 4.4 59 Time Above Data for Year 2020 Alternative B at Sensitive Receptor
Locations Compared With Runway 34 North Right Turn Alternative 4,24 Hour Exposure 4.4 l 70
Table 4.4 60 Summary of Land Use Impacts Alternative B Year 2020 4.4 l 71 Table 4.4 61 Proposed Pruject Hour by Operations Per Year 2020 4.4 l 74
Table 4.4 62 Impact of Curfew on Annual Commercial Operations at OCX in 2020 .4.4 l 75 Table 4.5 l Ambient Air Quality Standards 4.5 12
Table 4.5 2 Air Pollutants and Their Effect on Human Health 4.5 14 Table 4.5 3 Ambient Air Quality at North Orange County Air Monitoring Station 4.5 16
Table 4.5 4 Ambient Air Quality at Central Orange County Air Monitoring Station 4.5 17 Table 4.5 5 Ambient Air Quality at North Coast Orange Air Monitoring Station .4.5 18
Table 4.5 6 Ambient Air Quality Saddleback Valley Air Monitoring Station .4.5 19 Table 4.5 7 El Toro MCAS Airport Flying Operations 1994 AQMP 4.5 23
Table 4.5 8 El Toro MCAS Airport Flying Operations 1997 AQMP 4.5 25 Table 4.5 9 1998 Airc Operations Emissions Pounds Day 4.5 26
Table 4.5 10 1998 Ground Support Equipment Emissions Pounds Day 4.5 27 Table 4.5 l 1 1998 Energy Consumption Emissions MCAS El Toro Site Pounds Day .4.5 28
Table 4.5 12 1998 Energy Consumption Emissions John Wayne Airport Pounds Day 4.5 28 Table 4.5 l 3 Existing Airport Vehicular Trips Emissions Pounds Day 4.5 30
Table 4.5 14 Summarized Air Pollutant Emissions for Existing Conditions .4.5 30 Table 4.5 l 5 Existing l Hour CO Concentrations Year 1998 No Project Predicted One
Hour Ambient Carbon Monoxide Concentrations for Intersections with the Highest Volume and Worst Level of Service LOS 4.5 34
Table 4.5 16 Existing g Hour CO Concentrations Year 1998 No Project Predicted Eight Hour Ambient Carbon Monoxide Concentration for Intersections with the
Highest Volume and Worst Level of Service LOS 4.5 35 Table 4.5 17 1998 Pollutant Concentrations JWA Worst Case Operations and
Meteorology 4.5 3 7 Table 4.5 18 1998 Pollutant Concentrations MCAS El Toro Worst Case Operations
and Meteorology 4.5 3 8 Table 4.5 19 Assumed Distribution of Phase Activities 4.5 41
Table 4.5 20 Estimated Daily Truck Delivery Trips One Way During OCX Construction 4.5 42
Table 4.5 2 1 Construction Trafk and Equipment Exhaust Emissions Proposed Project .4.5 I
County of Orange EIR No 573 nil Table of Contents 18
18 Page 19 20
Table 4.5 22 Fugitive Dust Emissions Proposed Project 4.5 45 Table 4.5 23 Aircraft Emissions Pounds Day 4.5 48
Table 4.5 24 Ground Support Equipment Emissions Pounds Day 4.5 50 Table 4.5 25 Energy Consumption Emissions Pounds Day 4.5 52
Table 4.5 26 Fuel Storage and Dispensing Emissions pounds Day 4.5 53 Table 4.5 27 Air Pollutant Emissions Vehicular Traffic Pounds Day John Wayne
Airport 4.5 54 Table 4.5 28 Air Pollutant Emissions Vehicular Traffic Pounds Day Orange County
International 4.5 55 Table 4.5 29 Air Pollutant Emissions Vehicular Traffic Pounds Day Both Airports 4.5 56
Table 4.5 30A Regional Vehicular Traffic Tons Day Emissions1 4.5 57 Table 4.5 3 1 Total Project Emission Inventory Pounds Per Day Unless Noted .4.5 59
Table 4.5 32A Regionwide Emissions Inventory 2020 Proposed Project No Project Pounds Day Unless Noted 4.5 61
Table 4.5 32B Regional Vehicular Traffic Emissions Pounds Day 4.5 62 Table 4.5.32C Regionwide Emissions Inventory 2005 Proposed Project No Project

Pounds Day Unless Noted 4.564 Table 4.5 32D Regionwide Emissions Inventory 2010 Proposed Projecmo Project
Pounds Day Unless Noted 4.5 65 Table 4.5 32E Regionwide Emissions Inventory 2015 Proposed Project I 0 Project
Pounds Day Unless Noted 4.5 66 Table 4.5 33 Potential GSE Emissions Reductions Pounds Day 4.5 73
Table 4.5 34 Potential 2020 Proposed Project GSE Emissions Reductions Pounds Day -4.5 74 Table 4.5 35 Potential Project Emissions Reductions Pounds Per Day Unless Noted .4.5 85
Table 4.5 36 2020 No Project No Activity Alternative Regional Air Pollutant Emissions Pounds Day 4.5 86
Table 4.5 37 TAC Emissions Under Existing Conditions 1998 at JWA and MCAS El Toro 4.5 9 1
Table 4.5 38 TAC Emissions Under Existing Plus Proposed Project Conditions 2020 at JWA and Proposed OCX 4.5 92
Table 4.5 39 Estimated Worst Plausible TAGRelated Health Effects 4 5 9 4 Table 4.5 40 Central Tendency Excess Lifetime Cancer Risks per million for the MEIs -4.5 96
Table 4.5 41 Estimated Effects with Implementation of Mitigation Measures TAC 1 and TAC 2 4.5 98
Table 4.5 42 Estimated Effects With Implementation Of Mitigation Measures TAC I TAC 2 And TAG3 4.5 99
Table 4.7 l Soil Associations on the MCAS El Toro Site 4.7 4 Table 4.7 2 Faults and Seismic y Characteristics in the MCAS El Toro Site Area .4.7 7
Table 4.7 3 Soil Associations on the JWA Site 4.7 9 Table 4.7 4 Faults and Seismic Characteristics in the JWA Area 4.7 11
Table 4.8 l Summary of 100 Year Flows at MCAS El Toro Under Existing Conditions .4.8 4 Table 4.8 2 Summary of 100 Year Flows at JWA Under Existing Conditions .4.8 13
Table 4.8 3 Summary of 100 Year Flows and Related Capacity Under the Proposed Project With Existing Drainage Facilities 4.8 18

Table of Contents xulll County of Orange EIR No 573 19
19 Page 20 21
Table 4.8 4 Summary of 100 Year Flows and Related Capacity Under the Proposed Project With Project Drainage Facilities 4.8 18
Table 4.8 5 Proposed Project Flow Capacity Compared to Existing Flow Capacity 4.8 l 9 Table 4.8 6 NPDES Permit Runoff Concentrations for MCAS El Toro Site 4.8 22
Table 4.8 7 Percent Change from Existing Conditions of Outflow and Impervious Drainage Area For Proposed Project 4.8 23
Table 4.8 S Bee Canyon Agua Chinon Estimated Outfall Point Concentrations for Proposed Project 4.8 24
Table 4.9 l Plant Communities in the Habitat Reserve I f 4.9 9 Table 4.9 2 Special Interest Plant Species on the MCAS El Tore Site l 4.9 14
Table 4.9 3 Special Interest Wildlife Species on the MCAS El Tore Site Habitat Reserve JWA and Upper Newport Bay Ecological Reserve 4.9 l 5
Table 4.9 4 Wildlife Species Known Expected Or With Limited Potential to Occur in the Habitat Reserve l l l e l l l 4.9 19
Table 4.9 5 Noise Exposure for Biological Resource Receptor Locations l l l 4 9 3 4 Table 4.1 O l OCTA Bus Transit Boardings 1994 l 998 4.10 7
Table 4.10 2 Existing Daily Bus Transit Trips 4.10 8 Table 4.10 3 Existing Metrolink Boardingsklightings at Irvine Transportation
Center 1998 f 4.10 8 Table 4.10 4 Fire Stations and Their Facilities at and in the Vicinity of JWA 4.10 l 6
Table 4.1 O 5 Average Daily Transit Trips at JWA and the El Toro Site Under Project Build Out 2020 l 4.10 23
Table 4.1 O 6 Average Daily Transit Trips at JWA and El Toro Site Under Project Phase 1 2005 l l l a 4.10 24
Table 4.1 O 7 Average Daily Transit Trips at JWA and the El Toro Site Under Project Phase 2 2010 4.1 O 24
Table 4.1 O 8 Average Daily Transit Trips at JWA and the El Tore Site Under Project Phase 3 2015 4.10 25
Table 4.10 g Proposed Project Solid Waste Generation 4.1 O 26 Table 4 lo 10 Estimated Daily Demand for Electricity for the Nonaviation Revenue
Support Uses f I l 4.10 33 Table 4.1 O 1 1 Estimated Daily Demand for Natural Gas for Nonaviation Revenue
Support Uses l 4.10 38 Table 4.1 O l 2 Estimated Daily Demand for Domestic Water for the
Nonaviation Revenue Support Uses I 4.10 41 Table 4.1 O 13 Estimated Daily Demand for Recycled Water for the Nonaviation
Revenue Support Uses 4.10 43 Table 4 lo 14 Estimated Daily Waste Water Generated by the Nonaviation
l Revenue Support Uses 4.10 45
Table 4.11 l Estimated Daily Jet Fuel Use by Commercial Aircraft 4.11 8 Table 4.1 l 2 Summary of Agricultural Land Impacts 4.1 l 12

Table 4.1 l 3 Annual Electricity Demand GWH 4.1 l 14 Table 4.11 4 Annual Natural Gas Demand Therms f l f 4.11 16
Table 4.11 5 Annual Automotive Gasoline Demand Gallons l a a 4.1 l 17 Table 4.1 l 6 Annual Diesel Fuel Demand Gallons 4.1 l 17

County of Orange EIR No 573 xia Table of Contents 20
20 Page 21 22
Table 4.11 7 Construction Related Energy Consumption MCAS El Toro .4.1 l l 9
Table 4.1 I 8 Estimated Jet Fuel Consumption for JWA and OCX Under the Proposed Project 4.1 l 20

Table 4.11 9 Projection of Jet Fuel Loaded onto Commercial Aircraft in the
Southern California Air Service Area 1998 And 2020 4.11 22 Table 4.11 10 Forecast of Passengers and Cargo in the Air Service Area 4.1 l 22

Table 4.15 l Nationwide Existing Airport Related Military Aircti Accident Rates
1973 1993 4.15 4
Table 4.15 2 NTSB Aircraft Accident Rates for the United States 1982 1998
On and Off Airport Combined 4.15 7 Table 4.15 3 Accident Summary for JWA 1964 1998 On and Off Airport

Combined 4.15 7 Table 4.15 4 JWA Summary of Airport Related Accidents by Phase 1980 l 998 4.15 8
Table 4.15 5 Summary Comparison of Aircraft Accident Potential For MCAS El Toro
and JWA Proposed Project 2020 a 4.15 17
Table 4.15 6 Proposed Project Forecast Mix of Large and Small Aircraft 4.15 27 Table 4.16 l Installation Restoration Program Sites at MCAS El Toro 4.16 8

Table 4.17 1 Population Housing and Employment Trends and Forecasts for 1990 to
2020 4.17 4 Table 4.17 2 Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics in 1990 Project Site

Surrounding Area and Orange County 4.17 8
Table 4.17 3 Comparison of Socioeconomic Characteristics of Final EIR No 563
CRP to the Proposed Project 4.17 11
Table 4.17 4 Projected On Site Employment Proposed Project 4.17 13
Table 4.17 5 Existing and Planned Residential Development in Planned Communities in the El Toro Study Area 4.17 16

Table 4.18 1 Accident Scenario Probabilities Frequencies 4.189 Table 4.18 2 Accident Severity Categories 4.18 11
Table 4.18 3 Proposed Project Estimated Daily Jet Fuel Tank Truck Supply Operations
by Year 4.18 13
Table 4.18 4 Jet A Physical and Chemical Properties 4.18 15 Table 4.18 5 Jet A I3uIk Fuel Storage Tank Release Scenarios MCAS El Torofa
.4.18 l 7 Table 4.18 6 Jet A Tank Truck Highway Accident Release Scenarios Single

Incident a 4.18 18
Table 4.18 7 Proposed Project Jet Fuel Tank Truck Daily Accident Probabilities MCAS El Toro Site 4.18 20

Table 4.18 8 Proposed Project Bulk Jet Fuel Storage Tank Daily Accident Probabilities MCAS El Toro Site 4.18 22
Table 4.18 9 Estimated Daily Aircraft Induced Bulk Fuel Storage Facility Accident Probabilities MCAS El Toro Site Runway 7 Arrivals 4.18 26
Table 4.18 10 Proposed Project Jet Fuel Tank Truck Daily Accident Probabilities JWA Site 4.18 28
Table 4.18 l 1 Summary of Weighted JWA On Site Fatal Accident Potential Under Proposed Project 2020 4.18 30

Table of Contents II County of Orange EIR No 573 21
21 Page 22 23
Table 4.18 12 Bulk Jet Fuel Storage Tank Daily Accident Probabilities OCX with Pipeline Fuel Supply Option 4.18 33
Table 5 l l Regional Growth Projections 2000 to 2020 5 -3 Table 5.1 2 Comparison of Year 2020 OCP 96M and Post 2020 Cumulative Development
Forecasts 5 -4
Table 5.3 l Reasonable Foreseeable Probable Future Projects July 1999 County of Orange Jurisdiction Land Use Projects 5 14

Table 5.3 2 Reasonably Foreseeable Probable Future Projects July 1999 City Jurisdictions Land Use Projects 5 16
Table 5.3 3 Unspecified Projects in the City of Irvine 5 27 Table 5.3 4 Reasonably Foreseeable Probable Future Projects July 1999 Related
Transportation Land Use Projects 5 44 Table 5.3 5 Reasonable Foreseeable Probable Future Projects July 1999 Other Related
Land Use Project 5 47 Table 5.4 l Cumulative Impacts With Cumulative and Proposed Projects 5 51
Table 5.4 2 Post 2020 Non Committed Planned MPAH Improvements 5 59 Table 5.4 3 Post 2020 Unplanned Mitigation Improvements 5 61
Table 5.4 4 Summary of Off Site Cumulative Coastal Sage Scrub Impacts Acres by Phase 5 70
Table 5.4 5 Summary of Off Site Agricultural Soils Impacts Acres by Phase 5 78 Table 8.1 l Summary Comparison of Principal Aviation Characteristics and Major
Impacts for the CRP Existing Conditions and Alternatives 8 -6 Table 8.1 2 Summary of Aviation Activity at Orange County Airports Under Alternative
Airport System Development Scenarios 8 -7 Table 8.2 l Residential and School Laud Uses Within 65 CNEL 8 11
Table 8.2 2 Trip Generation Summary No Project No Activity Alternative .8 l 2 Table 8.2 3 Year 2020 No Project No Activity Alternative Project Direct Air Pollutant
Emissions Pounds Day 8 14 Table 8.2 4A Regionwide Emissions Inventory 2005 Proposed Project No Project
pounds Day Unless Noted 8 15
Table 8.2 5 Year 2020 No ProjectNo Activity Pollutant Concentrations JWA Worst Case Operations and Meteorology 8 20

Table 8.2 6 Year 2020 No Project No Activity Alternative Predicted One Hour Ambient Carbon Monoxide Concentrations for Intersections With the Highest Volume and
the Worst Level of Service 8 21 Table 8.2 7 Year 2020 No Project No Activity Alternative Predicted Eight Hour Ambient
Carbon Monoxide Concentrations for Intersections With the Highest Volume and the Worst Level of Service 8 22
Table 8.3 l Trip Generation Summary ETRPA Nonaviation Plan Alternative -8 34 Table 8.3 2 Existing Plus ETRPA Nonaviation Plan Alternative Impact Summary -8 36
Table 8.3 3 ETRPA Nonaviation Plan Alternative Mitigation Improvements 8 38 Table 8.3 4 Traffic Noise Model Results Existing Conditions 8 46
Table 8.3 5 Traffic Noise Model Results Existing Plus ETRPA Nonaviation Plan Existing Segments With 1.5 dB or Higher Traffic Noise Increase 8 50

County of Orange EIR No 573 nd Table of Contents 22
22 Page 23 24
Table 8.3 6 Traffic Noise Model Results Existing Plus ETRPA Nonaviation Plan New Segments 8 51
Table 8.3 7 Year 2020 No Project vs Existing No Project Conditions Existing Segments With 1.5 dB or Higher Traf Noise Increase 8 52
Table 8.3 8 Traffic Noise Model Results Year 2020 No Project Condition New Segments 8 56
Table 8.3 9 Traffic Noise Model Results Year 2020 With ETRPA Nonaviation Plan vs Year 2020 No Project All Segments 8 57
Table 8.340 Traffic Noise Model Results Comparison Number of Segments With Traffic Noise Increase Over Existing No Project Condition 8 62
Table 8.3 l 1 Traflk Noise Model Results Comparison Number of Segments With Trafk Noise Increase Year 2020 ETRPA Nonaviation Plan vs Year 2020 No Project .8 63
Table 8.3 12 Year 2020 ETRPA Nonaviation Plan Alternative Project Direct Air Pollutant Emissions Pounds Day 8 66
Table 8.3 13 Year 1998 Existing Conditions Plus ETRPA Nonaviation Plan Predicted OneHour Ambient Carbon Monoxide Concentration for Intersections with the Highest
Volume and Worst Level of Service LOS 8 68 Table 8.3 14 Year 1998 Existing Conditions Plus ETRPA Nonaviation Plan Predicted
Eight Hour Ambient Carbon Monoxide Concentration for Intersections with the Highest Volume and Worst Level of Service LOS 8 69
Table 8.4 l Trip Generation Summary Alternative A 8 86 Table 8.4 2 Summary Comparison of Traffic Impacts for Alternative A to Existing
Conditions and Existing Conditions Plus Project 8 87 Table 8.4 3 Land Use Comparison with Noise Contours for 1998 Military and Year 2020
Alternatives for El Toro 8 89 Table 8.4 4 Land Use Comparison with Noise Contours for 1998 and Year 2020
Alternatives for John Wayne Airport 8 90 Table 8.4 5 Year 2020 Alternative A Project Direct Air Pollutant Emissions
Pounds Day 8 9 2 Table 8.4 6 Regionwide Emissions Inventory Alternative A 2020 8 93
Table 8.4 7 Year 2020 Alternative A Predicted One Hour Ambient Carbon Monoxide Concentrations 8 95
Table 8.4 8 Year 2020 Alternative A Predicted Eight Hour Ambient Carbon Monoxide Concentrations 8 9 6
Table 8 S 1 Trip Generation Summary Alternative C S 108 Table 8.5 2 Summary Comparison of Traffic Impacts for Alternative C to Existing
Conditions and Existing Conditions Plus Project 8109 Table 8.5 3 Alternative C Impact Summary 8 110
Table 8.5 4 Year 2020 Alternative C Project Direct Air Pollutant Emissions Pounds Day 8 113
Table 8.5 5 Year 2020 Alternative C Predicted One Hour Ambient CO Concentrations .8 114 Table 8.5 6 Year 2020 Alternative C Predicted Eight Hour Ambient CO Concentrations 8 l 15
Table 8.6 l Trip Generation Summary Alternative F 8 127 Table 8.6 2 Summary Comparison of Traffic Impacts for Alternative F to Existing
Conditions and Existing Conditions Plus Project 8 128
Table of Contents XXII County of Orange EIR No 573 23
23 Page 24 25
Table 8.6 3 Year 2020 Alternative F Project Direct Air Pollutant Emissions
CpO Y 8 131 Table 8.6 4 Regionwide Emissions Inventory Alternative F 2020 Pounds Day

Unless Noted 8 132 Table 8.6 5 Year 2020 Alternative F Pollutant Concentrations JWA Worst Case

Operations and Meteorology a 133 Table 8.6 6 Year 2020 Alternative F Predicted One Hour Ambient CO Concentrations 8 134
Table 8.6 7 Year 2020 Alternative F Predicted Eight Hour Ambient CO Concentrations .8 135 Table 8.7 l Trip Generation Summary Alternative G 8 147
Table 8.7 2 Summary Comparison of Traffic Impacts for Alternative G to Existing Conditions and Existing Conditions Plus Project 8 148
Table 8.7 3 2020 Alternative G Project Direct Air Pollutant Emissions pounds day 8 15 1 Table 8.7 4 Regionwide Emissions Inventory Alternative G 2020 Pounds Day Unless
Noted 8 153 Table 8.7 5 2020 Alternative G Pollutant Concentrations JWA Worst Case Operations
and Meteorology 8 154 Table 8.7 6 Year 2020 Alternative G Predicted One Hour Ambient CO Concentrations .8 l 55
Table 8.7 7 Year 2020 Alternative G Predicted Eight Hour Ambient CO Concentrations S l 56 Table 8.9 l Summary of Arrivals by Type of Aircraft Impacted by Short V Alternative
Airport Runway Layout at OCX in 2020 8 180 Table 8.9 2 Summary of Impact Short V Alternative Airport Runway Layout on
Projected Aircraft Arrivals at OCX in 2020 8 181 Table 8.1 O 1 Nonaviation Revenue Support Area Alternative 1 8 190
Table 8 IO 2 Nonaviation Revenue Support Area Alternative 2 8 196 Table 8.13 1 Comparison of Key Impacts of Alternatives Relative to the Proposed Project 8 209

County of Orange EIR No 573 Rxlll Table of Contents 24
24 Page 25 26
LIST OF FIGURES
All figures are bound separately in the Graphics Volume in the order lkted below therefore
no page numbers are included in the listing beiow

Figure 1 1 Planning Areas at MCAS El Tore Figure 2 l 1996 Community Reuse Plan for MCAS El Tore
Figure 2 2 Air Service Area and Airports Figure 2 3 Distance of Domestic Markets from Orange County
Figure 2 4 Air Passenger Demand Forecasts in ASA 1970 2020 Figure 2 5 Air Cargo Demand Forecasts in ASA 1975 2020
Figure 3 l The Proposed Project at OCX Year 2020
Figure 3 2 Proposed Land Uses at OCX Year 2020 Figure 3 3 Proposed Land Uses at JWA

Figure 3 4 Proposed Development Phases for OCX Figure 3 5 Project Location Map
Figure 3 6 Regional and Local Access Figure 3 7 Proposed Terminal Area Development at OCX
Figure 3 8 Concept of Proposed Terminal Plan Figure 3 9 Conceptual Cross Section of Proposed Terminal ad Roadway
Figure 3 10 Proposed Terminal Roadways and Phasing at OCX Figure 3 l 1 Trabuco ETC Interchange Option
Figure 3 12 Composite Open Space Plan Figure 3 l 3 Proposed On Site Regional Park MCAS El Tore Site
Figure 3 14 Proposed General Aviation Development on East Side of JWA Figure 3 15 Proposed General Aviation Development on West Side of JWA
Figure 4.1 l Proposed Project Surrounding Jurisdictions MCAS El Toro Figure 4.1 2 Proposed JWA Project Surrounding Jurisdictions
Figure 4.1 3 Existing Land Uses in the Vicinity of the Proposed El Tore Project Figure 4.1 4 General Plan Land Uses in the Vicinity of the Proposed El Tore Project
Figure 4.1 5 Existing Land Uses in the Vicinity of the Proposed JWA Project Figure 4.1 6 General Plan Land Uses in the Vicinity of the Proposed JWA Project
Figure 4.2 l County of Orange General Plan Designations MCAS El Tore Figure 4.2 2 City of Irvine General Plan Designations Planning Area 30
Figure 4.2 3 City of Irvine Planning Areas Within Project Vicinity MCAS El Toro Figure 4.3 l Traffic Analysis Study Area
Figure 4.3 2 El Toro Circulation Plan Figure 4.4 l Examples of Various Sound Levels
Figure 4.4 2 Effect of Atmospheric Absorption on Sound Levels Figure 4.4 3 Single and Cumulative Noise Metric Definitions
Figure 4.4 4 Examples of Typical Outdoor CNEL Levels Figure 4.4 5 Speech Interference and Noise Levels
Figure 4.4 6a Causes and Prevalence of All Awakenings
Figure 4.4 6b Sleep Interference and Noise Levels

Table of Contents County of Orange EIR No 573 25
25 Page 26 27
Figure 4.4 7 Comparison of Logistic Fits to Original 161 Data Points of Schultz 1978 and USAF Analysis with 400 Points
Figure 4.4 8 198 1 AICUZ Military Noise CNEL Contours Figure 4.4 9 Historical Jet Operations at MCAS El Toro
Figure 4.4 10 Runway and Corridor Names Figure 4.4 l 1 Flight Tracks for Military Operations for Calendar Year 1998
Figure 4.4 12 Calendar Year 1998 Military Noise Contours CNEL 60,65 and 70 dB Figure 4.4 13 Specific Point Receptor Locations Used for the Detailed Analysis
Figure 4.4 14 SENEL 85 dB Contours for F8 Operations Figure 4.4 15 JWA Existing Flight Tracks
Figure 4.4 16 JWA 1998 Contours CNEL 60,65,70 and 75 dB Figure 4.4 17 JWA Noise Monitoring Locations
Figure 4.4 18 SENEL 85 dB Contours for Various Aircraft Departures at JWA Figure 4.4 19 SENEL 85 dB Contours for Arrivals at JWA
Figure 4.4 20 JWA 1985 Master Plan CNEL 60,65,70 and 75 dB Figure 4.4 21 Federal Air Regulation Part 150 Land Use Guidelines
Figure 4.4 22 Proposed Project 2020 Operations by Time of Day Figure 4.4 23 Proposed Project 2020 Operations by Runway
Figure 4.4 24 Proposed Project 2020 Operations by Aircraft Type Figure 4.4 25 Typical Aircraft Deparbe Noise Levels
Figure 4.4 26 Typical Aircraft Arrival Noise Levels Figure 4.4 27 El Toro Generalized Civilian Flight Tracks and Existing Buffer Zone
Figure 4.4 28 Typical JWA Track Dispersion Overlaid on OCX Figure 4.4 29 Flight Tracks at OCX for the Proposed Project
Figure 4.4 30 Aircraft Altitude Profiles Runways 34 Departures Figure 4.4 3 1 Aircraft Altitude Profiles Runways 07 Departures
Figure 4.4 32 Aircraft Altitude Profiles Runways 34 Arrivals Figure 4.4 33 El Toro Average Wind Speed and Direction by Quadrant
Figure 4.4 34 Proposed Project 2020 CNEL 60,65 and 70 dB Contours Figure 4.4 35 Proposed Project 2005 CNEL 60,65 and 70 dB Contours
Figure 4.4 36 Proposed Project 2010 CNEL 60,65 and 70 dB Contours Figure 4.4 37 Proposed Project 2015 CNEL 60,65 and 70 dB Contours
Figure 4.4 38 SENEL 86 dB Contours for Various Aircraft for Runway 34 Departures Figure 4.4 39 SENEL 86 dB Contours for Various Aircraft for Runway 07 Departures
Figure 4.4 40 SENEL 86 dB Contours for Various Aircraft for Runway 34 Arrivals Figure 4.4 41 SENEL 86 dB Contours for Various Aircraft for Arrivals on Runway 16 and
Departures on Runway 34 Figure 4.4 42 Single Event Histograms and Bar Charts for 2020 for the Proposed Project
Figure 4.4 43 JWA 2020 CNEL Contours 60,65 and 70 dB Under the Proposed Project Figure 4.4 44 2020 No Project Alternative CNEL 60,65 and 70 dB at JWA
Figure 4.4 45 Proposed Project 2020 Combined Aircraft and Road Noise CNEL Contours at o c x
Figure 4.4 46 Proposed Project 2020 Combined Aircraft and Road Noise CNEL Contours at JWA
Figure 4.4 47 Noise Abatement Takeoff Procedures Example
County of Orange EIR No 573 Table of Contents 26
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Figure 4.4 48 Mitigation Alternative 1 Night Preferential Runway System
Figure 4.4 49 Mitigation Alternative 2 Full Curfew CNEL Contours
Figure 4.4 50 Mitigation Alternative 3 Night 86 SENEL Limit
Figure 4.4 51 Mitigation Alternative 4 Runway 34 Right Turn CNEL Contours and Flight Tracks

Figure 4.4 52 Conceptual Noise Monitoring Locations at OCX
Figure 4.5 l CO Hot Spot Modeling Locations Existing Condition
Figure 4.5 Z EDMS Dispersion Receptor Locations MCAS El Toro
Figure 4.5 3 EDMS Dispersion Receptor Locations JWA Figure 4.5 4 Year 2020 Emissions Projection Summary

Figure 4.5 5 CO Hot Spot Modeling Locations Existing Plus Alternative B Condition Figure 4.5 6 CO Hot Spot Modeling Locations 2020 No Project
Figure 4.5 7 CO Hot Spot Modeling Locations 2020 Alternative B change to Proposed Project
Figure 4.5 8 EDMS Dispersion Receptor Locations OCX
Figure 4.6 l Topographical Analysis of MCAS El Toro
Figure 4.6 2 Topographical Analysis of John Wayne Airport Figure 4.6 3 Rough Grading Plan

Figure 4.7 l Geologic Map of MCAS El Toro Figure 4.7 2 Expansivity Index of Soils at MCAS El Toro
Figure 4.7 3 Generalized Depth to Shallow Groundwater Aquifer at MCAS El Toro Irvine Sub Basin
Figure 4.7 4 Earthquake Epicenter and Fault Map of Southern California
Figure 4.7 5 Expansivity Index of Soils at JWA
Figure 4.7 6 Generalized Depth to Shallow Groundwater at JWA
Figure 4.8 l Project Area Drainage Network Figure 4.8 2 Flood Plain Map Existing Conditions at MCAS El Toro

Figure 4.8 3 Existing Hydrology MCAS El Toro Figure 4.8 4 Water Quality Outfalls Under Existing Conditions at MCAS El Toro
Figure 4.8 5 Project Area Groundwater Elevations
Figure 4.8 6 Existing Hydrologic Conditions at JWA
Figure 4.8 7 Flood Plain Map Existing Conditions John Wayne Airport Figure 4.8 8 Flood Plain Map Under the Proposed Project at MCAS El Tom

Figure 4.8 9 Backbone Storm Drain System Under the Proposed Project at MCAS El Toro
Figure 4.9 l Existing Uses in the Federal Habitat Reserve Figure 4.9 2 Central and Coastal Subregion of the NCCP
Figure 4.9 3 NCCP Vegetation Communities on the MCAS El Toro Site Figure 4.9 4 NCCP Vegetation Communities in the Federal Habitat Reserve Including
Gnatcatcher and Cactus Wren Locations
Figure 4.9 5 NCCP Vegetation Communities and Special Interest Plant Species at JWA and Vicinity

Figure 4.9 6 Special Interest Wildlife Species at JWA and Vicinity
Figure 4.9 7 Noise Receptor Locations for Biological Resources Figure 4.9 8 1981 AICUZ Proposed Project Noise Exposure with Biological Resources l998

Bum Area at MCAS El Toro
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Figure 4.9 9 1998 65 CNEL Noise Contour with Biological Resources at JWA
Figure 4.9 10 Proposed Project 65 CNEL Noise Exposure with Biological Resources at JWA
Figure 4 lo 1 Existing Setting at MCAS El Toro Public Services
Figure 4.1 O 2 Irvine and Saddleback Valley Unified School Districts
Figure 4.1 O 3 Existing Transit Routes Serving Project Zones Figure 4.1 O 4 Transit Routes and Facilities

Figure 4.1 O 5 Proposed Backbone Cable Television and Fiber Optic Facilities
Figure 4.1 O 6 Proposed Backbone Communications Distribution Facilities
Figure 4.1 O 7 Proposed Backbone Electrical Distribution Facilities
Figure 4.10 g Proposed Fuel Supply System For OCX
Figure 4.10 9 Potential BuIk Fuel Storage Facility With Fuel Supplied by Truck Figure 4.1 O l 0 Proposed Backbone Natural Gas Facilities

Figure 4.10 l 1 Proposed Backbone Domestic Water Facilities Figure 4.10 12 Proposed Backbone Recycled Water Facilities
Figure 4.10 13 Proposed Backbone Sanitary Sewers Figure 4.12 l Visual Character Areas
Figure 4.12 2 Viewshed Vantage Points
Figure 4.12 3 Vantage Point 8 VisuaI Simulation MCAS El Toro Site Figure 4.12 4 Vantage Point 9 VisuaI Simulation MCAS El Toro Site

Figure 4.12 5 Vantage Point 10 Visual Simulation MCAS El Toro Site Figure 4.12 6 Vantage Point 11 Visual Simulation MCAS El Toro Site
Figure 4.14 l Regional Recreational Facilities
Figure 4.14 2 County Bikeways and Regional Riding and Hiking Trails
Figure 4.14 3 City of Irvine Conservation and Open Space Map
Figure 4.14 4 City of Irvine Trails Map
Figure 4.14 5 City of Lake Forest Planned Bikeways Map
Figure 4.14 6 City of Lake Forest Open Space Map Figure 4.14 7 Proposed On Site Regional Park MCAS El Toro Site

Figure 4.14 8 Proposed Golf Courses MCAS El Toro Site
Figure 4.14 9 Project Aviation Noise Impacts on Recreational Facilities
Figure 4.14 10 Project Aviation Noise Impacts on County Bikeways and Regional Riding and Hiking Trails

Figure 4.15 1 Off Site Accident Locations at MCAS El Toro Figure 4.15 2 Aircraft Accident Rates at MCAS El Toro from 1966 to 1998
Figure 4.15 3 Existing MCAS El Toro Accident Potential Zones Figure 4.15 4 Commercial Aircraft Accident Rates for 1967 to 1998
Figure 4.15 5 General Aviation Accident Rates for 1977 to 1998
Figure 4.15 6 Proposed OCX Arrival and Departure Routes
Figure 4.15 7 Plot of Commercial Aircraft Landing Accidents Incidents Relative to Runway
Figure 4.15 g Percent of Landing Accidents Incidents by Distance From Runway Approach End Figure 4.15 9 Plot of Commercial Aircraft Departure Accidents Incidents Relative to Runway

Figure 4.15 10 Percent of Departure Accidents Incidents by Distance From Runway Approach End
Figure 4.15 l 1 Air Safety Zones Proposed for OCX Figure 4.16 1 Installation Restoration Program Sites at MCAS El Toro

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Figure 4.16 2 Proposed Project With Existing Hazardous Waste Sites MCAS El Toro Figure 4.17 l Project Sites Surrounding Area and Orange County
Figure 8 l Alternative A Figure 8 2 Alternative A Year 2020 CNEL 60,65 and 70 dB
Figure 8 3 Alternative C Figure 8 4 Alternative C Year 2020 CNEL 60,65 and 70 dB
Figure 8 5 Alternative F Figure 8 6 JWA Year 2020 Alternative F CNEL Contours 60,65 and 70 dB
Figure 8 7 Alternative G
Figure 8 8 JWA Year 2020 Alternative G CNEL Contours 60,65 and 70 dB Figure 8 9 Alternative J

Figure 8 10 Alternative J Year 2020 CNEL 60,65 and 70 dB
Figure 8 11 a Nonaviation Revenue Support Area Alternative 1 Figure 8 l 1 b Nonaviation Revenue Support Area Alternative 2

Figure 8 12 Wildlands Ranch Plan Alternative Presented April 7 1999 Figure 8 12a Wildlands Ranch flan Alternative 1
Figure 8 12b Wildlands Ranch Plan Alternative 2
Figure 8 13 Nonaviation Alternative

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4.6 LANDFORM AND TOPOGRAPHY
This section addresses potential project related impacts associated with landforms and topography Impacts are assessed in part based on the amount of soils that will be moved as
part of tie Proposed Project's grading plan as described in detail in the Airport System Master Plan ASMP There are in some cases also related potential geophysical impacts which are
discussed in detail in Section 4.7

4.6.1 Summary of Conclusions in Final EIR No 563
The following paragraphs summarize the conclusions derived from analysis in the Community Reuse Plan CRP Final EIR No 563 Also summarized are CEQA tidings
facts in support of findings and overriding considerations relative to landform and topography as documented in Final EIR No 563 In addition specific mitigation measures
from Final EIR No 563 are noted where appropriate and applicable Final EIR No 563 addressed a conceptual level design for the CRP that did not include substantial cut or fill
operations at MCAS El Toro therefore the topographic impacts were found to be minimal
The following issues were evaluated in the Final EIR No 563 and were de mined not to be significant effects and therefore did not require mitigation

9 No unusual or unique topographic features were found to be present on the MCAS El Toro site The topography of the MCAS El Toro site is generally level or gently
sloping except for the northeast and southeast sections of the site Planning Areas 6 and 7 where topographic slopes are steeper No construction impacts to topography

were anticipated since reuse of MCAS El Toro did not include construction in the northeast Habitat Reserve or southeast agricultural fields portions of the site

ii Few long term or operations related impacts to topography were identified with the exception of a proposed regrading of one of the runways Runway 7 25 which has a
slight uphill gradient to the east Regrading of Runway 7 25 was to occur before 2020 No other landform alteration was contemplated and therefore no adverse
impacts to topography were anticipated

4.6.1.1 Significant Effects that Cannot be Mitigated to a Level of
insignificance

Final EIR No 563 found no significant adverse impacts related to landform and topography associated with the CRP that cotid not be mitigated to below a level of significance

4.6.1.2 Effects Determined to be Mitigated to Below a Level of Significance
Because Final EIR No 563 concluded that the CRP would not result in any significant impacts to topography no mitigation measures were required or proposed

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4.6.2 Final EIR No 563 Supplemental Analysis
This topic was not required to be addressed in the Supplemental Analysis for the Final EIR No 563

4.6.3.1
Environmental Setting Existing Conditions
MCAS El Toro
The MCAS El Toro site is located on the southeast edge of the Tustin Plain a gently sloping surface of alluvial fan deposits derived mainly from the Santa Ana Mountains The Tustin
Plain bounded on the north and east by the Santa Ana Mountains and on the south by the San Joaquin Hills is at the southeast end of the Los Angeles Basin a large sedimentary
basin at the north end of the Peninsular Ranges physiographic province The MCAS El Toro site extends from the Tusk Plain into the Santa Ana Mountains Most of the site slopes
gently down to the west southwest Elevations range from approximately 215 feet above mean sea level MSL in the western comer of the site to about 750 feet above MSL in the
eastern comer of the site which is in the foothills of the Santa Ana Mountains The Santa AM Mountains rise to the north and east of the site Their highest point Santiago Peak
6,698 feet above MSL is ten miles east of the site The land surface south of the site rises gradually into the San Joaquin Hills Their highest point 1 ,170 feet above MSL is ten
miles south of the MCAS El Toro site
The existing topography on the developed part of the MCAS El Toro site is predominately sloped uniformly to the southwest from Irvine Boulevard south toward Barranca Parkway
The exception to the gently sloping topography is on the southeast part of the MCAS El Toro site which contains an existing golf course This golf course includes man made
undulations in the terrain with grades on the golf course not exceeding ten percent except along drainages and hazard areas Figure 4.6 l shows the general existing topographical
character of the MCAS El Toro site
Between brranca Parkway and I 5 the MCAS El Toro site consists of gently rolling topography with moderate slopes of less than five percent

The housing area and the adjacent federal Habitat Reserve north and east of Irvine Boulevard contain rolling topography with moderate slopes ranging from 5 to 20 percent to
the west in the housing area and steeper moderate to severe slopes in the federal Habitat Reserve to the east The Habitat Reserve is also a part of the Natural Communities
Conservation Planning NCCP reserve For a more precise description of the Reserve design refer to Section 4.9 Biological ResourcesThere

are no unique or unusual topographic features on the MCAS El Toro site The drainages on the MCAS El Toro site include both natural watercourses and artificial
concrete lined drainage channels The drainage channels are shown in Figure 4.8 l A

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discussion of the existing drainage channels is presented in Section 4.8 Hydrology and Water Quality The existing landform and topographic conditions have not changed from
those addressed in EIR No 563

4.6.3.2 John Wayne Airport
JWA is located on Newport Mesa near the coastal edge of the Tustin Plain and immediately north of Upper Newport Bay A series of clif at the head of Upper Newport Bay located
one mile south of JWA mark the southern boundary of Newport Mesa and the Tustin Plain The topography of JWA slopes slightly from an elevation of 52 feet at the south end of the
site near the top of the cliffs along Upper Newport Bay to approximately 34 feet at the north end of the site A peaking basin for control of stormwater runoff is located at the north
end of the airport south of Interstate 405 see Figure 4.8 5 The topography is gently sloping to the north across most of the JWA site except at the south end where the
topography slopes more steeply to the south toward the Delhi Channel and Upper Newport Bay Figure 4.6 2 illustrates the general topographic characteristics of the JWA site

There are no unique or unusual topographic features on the JWA site due to its relatively flat developed condition

4.6.4 Methodology
The potential impacts of the Proposed Project related to topography were assessed by comparing existing site slopes and landforms data on erosion and soil stability in both the
MCAS El Toro and JWA areas with projected topographic modifications anticipated under the Proposed Project based on the current Proposed Project Grading Plan see Section 4.7
and Figure 4.6 3

4.6.5 Thresholds of Significance
An impact of the Proposed Project related to topography and lantiorm may be deemed to be significant if it would

9 Result in import fill or export cut of significant quantities of soil from or to offsite locations
ii Remove or substantially alter a special or unique topographic feature on the site or
iii Conflict with Elements of the County General Plan and supporting documentation specifically regarding spcciaI and unique topographic features on the Proposed Project
sites

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4.6.6 Project Impacts
Potential impacts to landform and topography associated with the Proposed Project result fkom the construction activities necessary to adapt the MCAS El Tore site for use as a

commercial airport Regrading of the MCAS El Toro site will be required to adjust the topographic gradient of the runways particularly the east west Runways 7 25 to conform to
FAA regulations and to construct the terminal and other support facilities The current eastwest topographic gradient will need to be modified and reduced to achieve tie required
gradient This will entail removal cut of soil from the eastern part of the MCAS El Tore site and placement of this soil fill on the western part of the site A detailed description of
the grading schedule is provided in the ASMP

4.6.6.1 MCAS El Toro
Base Tfansitiun Plan
The Base Transition Plan will u tiIize existing fktities and will not require any alteration to Iantiorrn or topography Therefore landform and topography impacts will not occur as a
result of implementation of the Base Transition Plan

Phases I to 4
Construction Related Impacts of the Proposed Project Related to Landform and
Topography

The developed part of the MCAS El Tore site contains gentle slopes The areas on the MCAS El Tore site proposed for development under the Proposed Project which slope
slightly to the southwest are the same as those used by the military for the El Tore operations The Proposed Project includes construction of new buildings and structures and
regrading of the airport area Most of this proposed development would occur on the relatively flat areas of the MCAS El Toro site with only small portions of development in
site areas with moderate slopes The area proposed for cultural and institutional uses Planning Area 2 Parcel 2 16 has gentle to moderate slopes No development is proposed
for the more severe slopes on the northeast part of the site under the Proposed Project as that area will remain in the adjacent federal Habitat Reserve Planning Area 6

The import fill requirements for the aviation use areas are satisfied by cutting approximately 20 million cubic yards of soil mostly from the eastern part of the MCAS El Tore site
Planning Areas 2,3 and S and using this material to regrade the site with most of the fill being deposited in the western part of the site Six of these 20 million cubic yards are taken
from Terminal Building and Landside Planning Area 1

Landfom and Topography County of Change EIR No 573 33
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Grading operations having the most potential to impact topography are scheduled to take place during all four phases of the Proposed Project The areas where major grading
operations are planned and the total amounts of soil to be cut or used as fill rounded to the nearest 1,000 cubic yards are as follows

Phase 1 2000 2005

Phase d
Cut Terminal building landside and airfield Total Cut all areas 6,250 OOO cubic yards
Fill Airfield apron Total Fill all areas 4,090 OOO cubic yards
Planning Areas 1,8
2006 2010 Cut Airfield termkal building and landside and cultural institutional
area Total Gut all areas 10,450 OOO cubic yards
Fill Airfield apron Total Fill all areas 9,060 OOO cubic yards
Planning Areas 1,2,8
Phase 3 2dIl 2015 Cut Airport maintenance area
Total Cut all areas 3,580,000 cubic yards Fill Apron
Total Fill all areas 3,400 OOO cubic yards Planning Areas 1,2,3

Phase 4 20162u2uy
Cut East cargo area Total Cut all areas 2,580 OOO cubic yards

Fill Airfield apron Total Fill all areas 3,900 OOO cubic yards
Planning Areas f 3,8
The total amount of soil to be excavated cut on the MCAS El Toro site is approximately 22,860 OOO cubic yards The total amount of soil to be used as fill is 20,450 OOO cubic
yards
The maximum cut and fill depths are as follows
Planning Area 1 northwest quadrant up to 35 feet cut maximum in northeast portion up to 54 feet fill maximum in southwest portion

Planning Area 2 northeast quadrant up to 20 feet cuf no fill areas
Planning Area 3 southeast quadrant up to 58 feet cut up to 1 I feet fill

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Planning Area 4 southwest quadrant up to 11 feet cut up to 27 feet fill
Planning Areas 5 north of Irvine Boulevard 6 adjacent federal Habitat Reserve and 7 south of Barranca Parkway Not in cut and fill area

Planning Area 8 runways up to 33 feet cut east end of Runway 29 up to 50 feet fill west end of Runway 7
Although areas of cut or fill of 50 feet or more are indicated for Planning Areas 1 3 and 8 and although the current grading plan proposes greater thicknesses of cut and fill on the
MCAS El Tore site than was assumed at the time of the preparation of Final EIR No 563 the net result of these modifications will be to decrease the overall topographic relief that is
decrease the local variation or ruggedness of the topography in those areas of the site Cut and fill will be balanced on site therefore no off site landform or topographic impacts will
occur Due to the relatively flat to gently sloping topography both before and after grading and the lack of any unusual or unique topographic features on the site no significant adverse
impacts to on site or off site topography are anticipated and no mitigation measures are necessary

All of this site grading is proposed in response to FAA requirements for commercial use Using the existing site with no modification could be deemed to result in significant adverse
effects related to operational capability Therefore the changes in topography required to meet the FAA standards will have a net beneficial impact related to aircraft taxiing
capability and takeoff performance
Long Term Operations Impacts Related to Topography
Under the Proposed Project no long term operations related impacts to topography are anticipated after construction of the land uses on the MCAS El Tore site has been completed
This is because no construction or landform alteration would occur once the MCAS El Tore site is built out by 2020

4.6.6.2 John Wayne Airport
Phases I to 4
Construction Related Impacts of the Proposed Project Related to Landform and Topography

The existing JWA facility is constructed on gently sloping to nearly level land that has been fully developed for the existing airport There are no special or unique topographic features
on the site The Proposed Project would not entail substantial new construction on the JWA site No modifications to the existing topography or slopes are proposed Therefore
construction of the Proposed Project would not result in any significant adverse impacts

Landform and Topography County of Orange EIR No 573 35
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related to unique or unusual topographic features on the JWA site and no mitigation is
necessary

Long Term and Operations Impacts Related to Topography
Under the Proposed Project the existing facilities at JWA would be used and JWA would remain essentially unchanged Therefore there are no long term impacts
on topography and no mitigation is necessary

4.6.7 Mitigation Measures
4.6.7.1 Final EIR No 563 Mitigation Measures
Because Final EIR No 563 concluded that the CRP would not result in any significant impacts related to topography no mitigation measures were required or proposed

4.6.7.2 Final EIR No 563 Supplemental Analysis Mitigation Measures
This topic was not required to be addressed in the Supplemental Analysis for the Final EIR No 563
4.6.7.3 Standard Conditions of Approval
The Proposed Project includes a number of County of Orange Conditions of Approval COAs These COAs contained in Appendix L serve to implement various County
regulations and policies and provide protection to the environment These COAs are part of the Proposed Project
and as a result are themselves project features that can avoid or substantially reduce potential adverse impacts of the Proposed Project on the environment

The County will ensure that each COA incorporated in the Proposed Project is properly implemented as an integral part
of the land use review compliance process COAs related to landform and topography that are incorporated into the Proposed Project are as follows

Gl Geology Report G2 Grading Deviation
G3 Financing Conveyance Tentative Maps G4 Offsite and Cross Lot Grading Drainage
G5 Vector Control Measures G6 Preliminary Soils Report
G7 Final Soils Report

4.6.7.4 Additional Mitigation Measures
No mitigation measures are required since no significant impacts related to topography are
anticipated

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4.6.8 Level of Significance After Mitigation
Since no significant impact to landform and topography will occur at either MCAS El Tore or JWA under the Proposed Project no mitigation is required

4.6.9 No Project No Activity Comparison
Under the No Project No Activity Alternative there would be no impacts relating to topography at the MCAS El Toro or JWA site because there would be no development or
construction activities Under the Proposed Project there will be no modifications to the existing topography or slopes at JWA and whiie there will be modifications to the MCAS El
Tore topography these modifications will not result in significant impacts

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4.7 SOILS GEOLOGY AND SEISMICITY
This section addresses project related issues associated with geophysical concerns including geology seismicity and soils Issues related to groundwater are also described but treated in
more detail in Section 4.8 Hydrology and Water Quality

4.7.1 Summary of Conclusions in Final EIR No 563
The following paragraphs summarize the conclusions derived fkom geophysical analysis contained within the MCAS El Toro Community Reuse Plan CRP Final Environmental
Impact Report No 563 Final EIR No 563 Also sumnarhed are CEQA findings facts in support of findings and overriding considerations relative to geophysical ksues as
documented in Final EIR No 563 In addition specific mitigation measures fkom Final EIR No 563 are noted where appropriate and applicable

The following issues were evaluated in the Final EIR No 563 and determined not to be significant effects and hence determined not to require mitigation

0 No economically significant geologic resources with the exception of some soils that could be used for excavation fill were identified at MCAS El Toro No
mitigation measures with regard to geologic resources were determined to be necessary

ii The potential for siltation of existing watercourses crossing the MCAS El Toro site was evaluated and found not to be a significant impact The short term effect of
construction activities was evaluated and determined not to require mitigation
iii The potential for impacts due to liquefaction was found not to be significant and was determined not to require mitigation

4.7.1 I Significant Effects that Cannot be Mitigated to a Level of Insignificance
Final EIR No 563 found no significant geophysical concerns associated with the CRP that could not be mitigated to below a level of significance
4.7.1.2 Effects Determined to be Mitigated to Below a Level of Significance
The following potentially significant impacts requiring mitigation were presented in the Final EIR No 563
0 Potential concerns regarding soils included the presence of expansive or compressible soils underlying some sections of the MCAS El Toro site

County of Orange EIR No 573 Soil Geology and Seismicity 38
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ii The CRP was found to have a potential for significant impacts to groundwater and or local aquifers depending upon the type and depth of construction
iii Fugitive dust gene ion was evaluated as a potential significant impact
iv The effects of seismic groundshaking and liquefaction on MCAS El Toro were evaluated The potential for hazards due to groundshaking was found to be
significant

4.7.2 Final EIR No 563 Supplemental Analysis
This topic was not required to be addressed in the Supplemental Analysis for Final ELI2 No 563

4.7.3 Environmental Setting Existing Conditions
The geologic conditions discussed in this section are based on a field reconnaissance of the MCAS El Toro site and surrounding area and extensive review of geologic soil and
seismicity literature available for MCAS El Toro and JWA see Section 4.7.4 The conditions related to MCAS El Toro have not changed from those identified in EIR No 563

4.7.3.1 MCAS El Toro
The MCAS El Toro site and the surrounding area are on the eastern part of the Tustin Plain and the southern margin of the foothills of the Santa Ana Mountains Geographically the
Tustin Plain is a gently sloping alluvial plain extending south and southwest from the foothills to the San Joaquin Hills and Upper Newport Bay The topography of the foothills
is low with rounded southerly extending ridges and interlying shallow alluvial filled valleys and drainages

Topographic relief in the foothills portion of the MCAS El Toro site Planning Area 6 ranges from approximately 450 feet above MSL to 750 feet above MSL The topography
across the alluvial plain portion of the MCAS El Toro site is nearly flat and slightly tilted to the southwest with elevations ranging from approximately 450 feet above MSL to
approximately 2 15 feet above MSL Gradients on this sloping surface of the MCAS El Toro site range from 2.5 percent in the northeast to 1.5 percent in the southwest However the
steepest topography occurs on the northeast part of the site Planning Area 6 where slopes of greater than 20 percent are present Section 4.6 of this EIR discusses site topography in
greater detail
The following major drainages which are discussed further in Section 4.8 Hydrology and Water Quality cross the MCAS El Toro site and the immediately surrounding area

9 Bon ego Canyon Wash which enters the extreme eastern part of the MCAS El Toro site from the Santa Ana Mountains and crosses the east margin of the site

Soils Geology and Seismicity County of Change EIR No 573
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ii Agua Chinon Wash which enters the central part of the site from the foothills and drains south across the MCAS El Toro site where it is currently channeled in an
aqueduct under the main runway on the site
iii Bee and Round Canyons which drain the foothills immediately west of Agua Chinon Wash also drain south across the MCAS El Toro site in an aqueduct under the western
portions of the main runways
iv Marshburn Channel drainage area which is the major watershed in the westerly onethird of the site The Marshburn Channel parallels the northwest boundary of the
MCAS El Toro site
The MCAS El Toro site can be divided into two distinct geologic terrains The first is the foothills area where the hills and ridges are underlain by a tilted sequence of stratified
sedimentary bedrock units The second is the gently sloping alluvial plain which is underlain by a wedge of alluvial fan sediments that thicken rapidly to the southwest and are
over 500 feet deep in the western portion of the MCAS El Toro site The distribution of these bedrock units and alluvial soils is shown on the geologic map in Figure 4.7 l These
individual geologic units are discussed in more detail later in this section

Terrace units consisting of stream and alluvial deposits of sand silt and gravel are found around the edges of the valleys and low hills on the northeast part of the MCAS El Toro site
These units are generally thin and discontinuous in this area Terrace deposits consisting primarily of older alluvial fan deposits of sand gravel and clayey silt are also present in tie
extreme southeast pax of MCAS El Toro just north of I 5 These terrace units produce a clayrich and potentially expansive soil

The MCAS El Toro site is located on an upper portion of the Tustin Plain which is a gentlysloping alluvial fan formed by the accumulation of materials eroding off the adjacent
foothills of the Santa Ana Mountains The northeast part of the MCAS El Ton site includes some low foothills and drainages These hilly areas are generally underlain by sedimentary
bedrock units with only a thin soil cover The Tustin Plain however is underlain by alluvium consisting of sand silt and clayey silty sand The alluvium thickens across the
lowland part of the site Tom the northeast where it pinches out against the foothills to the southwest

The United States Department of Agriculture USDA Soil Conservation Service has classified surficial soils by soil associations USDA 1976 Six major soil associations cover the
majority of the MCAS El Toro site The six major soil associations found on the site and their general characteristics me briefly described in TabIe 4.7 l

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Table 4.7 1 Soil Assucisltions on the MCAS El Toro Site
1potentially highly expansive has moderate erosion potential and is
Sorrento Loam

San Emigdio Sandy Loam

potentially moderately wmpressibb Fine grained sandy loam occurs over major portions of the flat
central area it is potentially moderately expansive has slight erosion potential and is potentially moderately compressible
Fine sandy loam occurs on alluvial fans and covers a large portion Soper

Gravelly Loam
Cienaba Sandy Loam
Metz Loamy Sand

of the north central area it has generally low expansive potential and a slight erosion potential
Coarse sand and gravel occurs on ridge tops and slopes it has high erosion potential and is non expansive
Thin sandy soil occurs on ridges and slopes it has high erosion potential and low potential for expansion
Coarse sandy loam occurs in and along stream channels it is nonexpansive
and has slight to moderate erosion potential

Source USDA 1976

Soils on the MCAS El Ton site are generally adequate for construction purposes except in certain areas where they may be found to be moderately to highly expansive as described in
the following section Much of the soil materials on the site especially those classified as belonging to the Metz Soper and San Emigdio Associations are composed primarily of sand
and silty sand with relatively low clay content and are well suited for grading and use as engineered fill

Expansive Suik
For construction and development considerations clayey loams are often classified as expansive soils which means that they can have a moderate to high shrink swell potential
Expansive soils swell considerably when water is added to them and shrink with the loss of
water The characteristics of expansive soils depend largely on the quantity and type of clay in the soil Depending on the percentages of different types of clays in soils the USDA can

ident soils as having low moderate and high expansive potential However because these percentages vary depending on the clay characteristics in the soils there are no set percentages
for defining expansive soils USDA 1976
Soil expansion can cause extensive foundation problems if not treated properly during grading and construction The California Division of Mines and Geology CDMG used
USDA Soil Conservation Service data to estimate the expansivity potential of the surficial soils in this part of Orange County USDA 1976 CDMG places many of the soils in the
Myford soils association in the potentially highly expansive category and many of the soils
in the Sorrento soils association in the potentially moderately expansive category The areal

Soils Geology and Seisrnicity County of Orange EIR No 573 41
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distribution of these potentially expansive soils on the MCAS El Toro site is shown on Figure 4.7 2 The majority of soils classified as Cieneba Metz San Emigdio and Soper in
this area are believed to have a low potential for expansion

Compressible Soils
Soil conditions vary widely across the MCAS El Toro site and the presence of loose or SOR
sand silt and clayey sand on the site cannot be precluded at this time In particular soils in the Sorrento association that are classif d as clayey loam may be moderately compressible

Also the soils overlying the marine and non marine terraces classified as being of the Myford association may also be moderately compressible

The bedrock units that underlie the alluvium and soils of the Tustin Plain are exposed in the low hills in the northeast part of the MCAS El Toro site primarily north of Irvine
Boulevard These bedrock units consist of a layered sedimentary sequence of sandstone conglomerate siltstone and claystone of Tertiary age These units were uplifted folded
and faulted during the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene epochs to form the low hills adjacent to the Tustin alluvial plain A few local faults have been mapped in these bedded
units but none of the faults within the MCAS El Toro site are believed to be presently active Several small landslides have been mapped in the hills as recorded on published
State of California map sheets However major landsliding has not presented a problem on the MCAS El Toro site The five major bedrock units found on the MCAS El Toro site
starting with the stratigraphically lowest and oldest unit are described in the following section

The Vaqueros Sespe Formation of late Eocene to early Miocene age 20 to 45 million years ago consists of thickly bedded medium to coarse grained clayey sandstone with minor beds
of conglomerate and produces expansive adobe type clayey sandy soils The overlying Topanga Formation of middle Miocene age 15 to 20 million years ago consists of
interbedded coarse grained marine sandstone which can locally be fossiliferous Thin clayrich interbeds can often produce potentiaIly unstable slope conditions where they are
unfavorably oriented to steep slopes The Topanga Formation produces a sandy and silty soil The Monterey Formation of late Miocene age 7 to 15 million years ago consists of
thinly bedded siliceous shale and siltstone and produces an expansive clayey soil Overlying the Monterey Formation and often in fault contact with it is the Oso member of the
Capistrano Formation of early Pliocene age 6 to 7 million years ago This unit consists of massive arkosic sandstone which erodes easily to produce a silty sandy soil The youngest
bedrock exposed in the MCAS El Toro area is the Niguel Formation of Pliocene age 4 to 6 million years ago This unit is composed of marine and non marine poorly bedded siltstone
with minor beds of sandstone and conglomerate This unit also produces an expansive clayey soil

County of Orange EIR No 573 Soil Geology and Seismicity 42
42 Page 43 44
eon toiogical ock units
The marine sedimentary bedrock exposed in thy low foothills on the MCAS El Toro site o n contains fossils Paleontological resources are discussed in greater detail in Section 4.13
Cultural Resources

Hydrogeolog y
The MCAS EI Toro site is in the Irvine groundwater sub basin see Figure 4.7 3 The subbasin is southeast of and adjacent to the Main Orange County Groundwater Basin both of
which underlie the Tustin Plain The boundaries of the Irvine sub basin are the Santa Ana Mountains the San Joaquin Hills and the geographic divide between them which is southeast
of the MCAS El Toro site There is no distinct western downgradient hydrologic boundary between the Irvine sub basin and the Main 0range County Groundwater Basin

The unconsolidated alluvial sediments of the Irvine sub basin form a relatively thin layer over the bedrock units in the east but reach a thickness of over 1,200 feet in the west part of the
sub basin They reach a thickness of approximately 500 feet on the southwest edge of the MCAS El Toro site The aquifer zones in the sub basin have been described as somewhat
discontinuous beds of coarse sand and gravel with interbedded silty and clayey sand The aquifer system in the MCAS El Tore area includes the Shallow and Principal Aquifers the
latter underlying the first by 10 to 15 feet The two aqtiers may locally have hydraulic continuity There is some evidence of local shallow perched groundwater conditions but
these appear to be discontinuous and have not been mapped in detail over most of the MCAS El Toro area

Groundwater elevations on top of the Shallow Aquifer were obtained from the November 1997 Groundwater Contour Map of the Irvine Sub Basin provided by the Change County
Water District A map showing the generalized depth to groundwater prepared from this tiormation Figure 4.7 3 shows that the depth to groundwater ranges fkom 80 feet to 200 feet
over the central potion of the MCAS El Toro site The direction of groundwater flow based on the Groundwater Contour Map see Figure 4.8.2 is to the west

A plume of volatile organic compounds has been identified in the groundwater as a result of
historical operations at MCAS El Toro Remediation activities to the MCAS El Toro site as identified in the Base Cleanup Plan for MCAS El Toro are discussed in detail in Section

4.16 Hazardous Wastes and Hazardous Materials Use In addition water quality issues are also discussed in Section 4.8 Hydrology and Water Quality

Seismicit y
The MCAS El Toro site is in a seismically active region as is all of Southern California Strong earthquake induced groundshaking experienced in the past is expected to recur in the
future The primary seismic hazard affecting the MCAS El Toro area is groundshaking from a major earthquake that could occur along any of several active faults or fault systems in
Southern California Existing faults in the vicinity of the MCAS El Toro site are shown on
Soils Geology and Seismicity County of Change EIR No 573 43
43 Page 44 45
Figure 4.7 4 The intensity of groundshaking depends primarily on the earth e magnitude the distance f m the earthquake epicenter to the site and the response
characteristics of soils on the site The soil response characteristics are the result of the types of soils the depth to bedrock beneath diluvial soils and the depth to groundwater The soil
response characteristics will generally be most severe in areas underlain by moderate to deep alluvium and least severe where underlain by thin alluvium and bedrock Shallow
groundwater levels can lead to the possibility of soil liquefaction which is discussed separately in the follotig section Information on historic earthquakes nearby active faults
and estimated earthquakes that may occur on these various faults and possibly affect the MCAS El Toro area are provided in Table 4.7 2

Table 4.7 2 Faults and Seismicity Characteristics in the MCAS El Tom Site Area

source P D 1999 Notes I Modified hm Joyner Fumal 1985
2 Estimated from relative degree of activity 3 At intersection with San Jose fhllt

The distances fkom the documented actke faults to the MCAS El Toro site are based on a point approximately in the center of the site As shown on Table 4.7 2 the Elsinore Fault
approximately 14 miles to the northeast at its closest approach to the site appears to have the greatest potential for seismic groundshaking on the MCAS El Toro site The nearby NewportInglewood
Fault could also subject the site to substantial seismic ground shaking
Two other nearby faults shown on Figure 4.7 4 the Peralta Hills El Modeno Fault and the Pelican Hills Fault are considered to be inactive and of low seismic potential Should they
become reactivated the potential for them to produce large earthquakes is limited due to their limitedlengths

County of Orange EIR No 573 Soil Geology and Seismicity 44
44 Page 45 46
The maximum probable earthquakes shown on Table 4.7 2 are considered the charac stic large earthquakes for each listed fault These potentially large earthquakes should be
considered during design of all major structures planned on MCAS EI Toro including cultural institutional aviation support public facilities business parks and airport facilities

Liquefactim
Liquefaction is defined as the transformation of a gram r material fk m a solid to a liquefied state as a result of increased pore pressure and loss of grain to grain contact resulting from
severe seismic shaking Groundshaking resulting from a major or nearby earthquake may be capable of providing the mechanism for liquefaction usually in saturated loose medium to
fine grained sands silty sands and certain types of clayey soils The loss of supporting strength in the liquefied material can cause settlement and damage to foundations and structures

The area of the Tustin Plain encompassing the MCAS El Toro site is classified as having a low susceptibility for liquefkction Morton 1979 and Tinsley et al 1985 because the alluvial
sediments are relatively coarse and the water table is deep generally over 80 feet below the Stvface

4.7.3.2 John Wayne Airport
JWA is located on Newport Mesa a nonmarine terrace deposit of Upper Pleistocene age that marks the coastal terminus of the Tustin Plain The terrace consists of slightly consolidated
sand and gravel with minor amounts of clay and is up to several hundred feet thick Bedrock is not exposed at the surface within the boundaries of JWA exposures of Miocene marine
sedimentary rocks are present in stream channels along the western edge of the San Joaquin Hills on the east side of Upper Newport Bay one mile southeast of JWA

As noted above JWA is underlain by terrace deposits up to several hundred feet thick consisting of sand gravel and minor clay These terrace deposits produce a clay rich and
potentially expansive soil

The USDA Soil Conservation Service has identified two major soil associations within the boundaries of JWA USDA 1976 as described in Table 4.7 3 Most of the airport is
underlain by soils of the Myford association Myford sandy loam 2 to 9 percent slopes The northern 20 percent of JWA is underlain by clay soils of the Omni association These
soils consist of highly plastic clays with high shrink swell potential i e with high expansivity and compressibility Table 4.7 3 presents a summary of the soil types at JWA

Soils Geology and Seismicity County of Orange EIR No 573 45
45 Page 46 47
Table 4.7 3 Soil Associations on the JWA Site
I Airport it is potentially highly expansive and compressible has sIight erosion potential and is a significant liquefaction hazard I Source USDA 1978
Expansive Soils
The JWA site is underlain by soils of the Myford soil association As noted in Table 4,793 Myford soils are considered to be moderately expansive The northern part of JWA is

underlain by Omni clay soils which have the characteristics of potentially high expansivity Figure 4.7 5 provides an overview of these underlying soils at JWA

Similar to the MCAS El Tore site soils of the Myford association which underlie most of JWA are considered to be potentially moderately compressible The Omni clay soil that
underlies the northem part of JWA is considered to be highly compressible

No exposures of bedrock are present within the confines of JWA Sandstones of the middle Miocene Topanga Formation are exposed in stream channels on the west flank of the San
Joaquin Hills on the east side of Upper Newport Bay one mile east of JWA The Topanga Formation is likely present beneath JWA as well but is overlain by the Pleistocene terrace
deposits and possibly by younger sedimentary bedrock units such as the Monterey Formation Capistrano Formation and Niguel Formation With the exception of the Santa Ana segment of
the Compton Los Alamitos blind thrust f h no faults have been identified within the confines of JWA

Pafeon tological Rock Units
No exposures of sedimentary bedrock are present within the JWA site and therefore no paleontological rock units are present at the surf

Like MCAS El Tom JWA is located in the Irvine groundwater sub basin The sub basin is southeast of and adjacent to the Main Orange County Groundwater Basin Both sub basins
County of Orange EIR No 573 Soil Geology and Seismicity 46
46 Page 47 48
underlie the Tustin Plain The boundaries of the Irvine sub basin are the Santa Ana Muuntains the San Joaquin Hills and the geographic divide between them which is southeast of the
MCAS El Toro site There is no distinct western downgradient hydrologic boundary between the Irvine sub basin and the main Orange County Groundwater Basin

The unconsolidated alluvial sediments of the Irvine sub basin reach a thickness of over 1,200 feet in the west part of the sub basin in the vicinity of JWA The aquifer zones in the subbasin
have been described as somewhat discontinuous beds of coarse sand and gravel with interbedded silty and clayey sand The aquifer system in the JWA area includes the Shallow
and Principal Aquifers the latter underlying the fkst by 10 to 15 feet Groundwater also occurs at JWA in localized or perched zones at shallower depths 20 to 40 feet This
groundwater is not used for drinking or other beneficial use
Groundwater elevations on top of the Principal Aquifer were obtained from the November 1997 Groundwater Contour Map of the Irvine sub basin published by the Orange County
Water District OCWD 1997 A map showing the generalized depth to groundwater prepared from this tiormation in Figure 4.7 6 shows that the depth to groundwater in the Principal
Aquifier ranges from 70 feet to 100 feet over the JWA site The direction of groundwater flow based on the Orange County Water District data is to the west

Seismicit y
Information on historic earthquakes nearby active faults and estimated earthquakes that may occur on these various faults and possibly a c t the JWA area are provided in Table 4.7 4

Recent research Shaw and Suppe 1996 has indicated that JWA and the surrounding area is underlain by the Santa Ana segment of the Compton Los Alamitos blind thrust f t A blind
thrust fault is a structure usually a low angle fklt deep within the earth's crust that does not reach the surface and hence has no surf e expression Such faults are usually i red from
well logs or seismic data The Compton Los Alamitos blind thrust fault which is related to movements along the Newport Inglewood Fault Zone is believed to be potentially active
Shaw and Suppe give a maximum probable earthquake intensity on the Santa AM segment of the Compton Los Alamitos blind thrust fault of 6.3

The Official Map of Seismic Hazard Zones for the Tustin Quadrangle in which JWA is located California Division of Mines and Geology released April 15 1998 depicts the
northern part of JWA as an area where mitigation of liquefaction hazards based on historic occurrence of liquefaction or local geological geotechnical or groundwater conditions
would be required as defined in Public Resources Code 2693 c This area is roughly equivalent to that underlain by clay rich soil of the Omni association and represents the
border between the northern end of the Newport Mesa and the alluvial soils of the Tustin Plain

Soils Geology and Seismic County of Orange EJR No 573 47
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Table 4.7 4 Faults and Seismicity Characteristics in the JWA Area
I San Jacinto I 160 1 39 I 709 Whittier
El ore
28
130

7.5 .0.15 I 18 15 U lknown High 7 0.20 Moderate
1 7 6 19IO 7.5 0.30 High
I Newport Inglewood 7 I 2 6.3 1933 1 7 n7c I I Rose Canvon Pales v es Sierra Madre 1 I 50 20 3.2 1972 7 0.15 Moderate 30 36 6.4 1971 7.5 0.15 High 1 I c 3 xrnnn I

CucamongalSan Jose
San Clemente
1 6 36 2 L 77VJ PI
150 42 5.9 1951
7 0.10 High
7.5 0.10 Moderate Elysian Park I I
I 1 3 I 2n CQflQ97 7 0.10 Moderate

bompton Lakewood 1 Santa Ana Segment

Blind Thrust 1 0 1 unknown 6.3 0.20 Low
Source P D 1999 Notes l Modified from Joyner Furnal I 985

2 Estimated fkom relative degree of activity 3 At intersection with San Jose fault

County of Orange EIR No 573 Soil Geology and Seismic y 48
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4.7.4 Methodology
The methodology for the analysis of the potential impacts of the Proposed Project and the other reuse akmatiyes related to geology seismicity and soils analysis was based on the following

ij A site reconkssan ce to review the visible physical geomorphic and geological characteristics of the MCAS El Toro site
ii Review of published reports concerning the geology soils groundwater and seismicity characteristics of the MCAS El Toro site Primary sources were the United States
Geologic Survey USGS the CDMG the USDA the M AS El Tom OU l Ground W m Reprt and the Orange County Water District

iii Review of the literature identified in Chapter 13 References
iv Experience and history for both the MCAS and JWA sites b h of which have had previous constru on and development that provide guidance for future development

4.7.5 Thresholds of Significance
A project is considered to have a significant impact with regard to soils geology and seismicity if it may be deemed to result in or expose people or structures to any of the

following
0 ii
iii

iv
VI

vi vii viii

Local fault rupture Seismic ground shaking or liquefaction
Have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative waste water disposal systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of
wastewater not applicable to this project Landslides or mudslides
Erosion changes in topography or unstable soil conditions fkom excavation grading or fill
Land subsidence Expansive soils
Unique geologic or physical features alteration

Project Impacts
Because the Proposed Project is a large scale construction project it has the potential to impact or be impacted by a variety of geological geophysical factors For example since
the Proposed Project is located in a seismically active area facilities to be constructed for the Proposed Project could be subjected to seismic impacts such as ground shaking or soil
liquefaction Since the Proposed Project includes construction on existing soils or grading
of such soils soil characteristics such as expansivity and compressibility could impact the

Soils Geology and Seismic y
47 12 County of Orange EIR No 573 49
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Proposed Project Finally since the Proposed Project is to take place in an area with significant surf e and groundwater resources potential impacts to these resources are
discussed
Impacts of the Proposed Project in relation to geology soils and seismicity are not anticipated to be phase sensitive except insofar as the timing of construction would result in the presence
of buildings or other facilities that could be impacted
The Base Transition Plan will not affect or be affected by soils geology and seismic issues as no exterior construction will take place and all uses will be existing or pre existing uses

4.7.6.1 MCAS El Toro

The Proposed Project will include the construction of new facilities such as a passenger termhal cargo areas educationaViititutional facilities and a business park In addition some
existing structures on the site including the existing runways will be modified and or expanded under the Proposed Project

The soils on the site are highly variable in their composition and some can be classified as potentially expansive with moderate to high shrink swell potential Such shrink swell
characteristics can cause extensive problems and damage to building foundations if not properly addressed during design grading and construction The soils classified as Myford
and Sorrento soil associations can be moderately to highly expansive The expansive potential of the soils belonging to the other associations documented on the MCAS El Tore site is
generally low to moderate as shown on Figure 4.7 2 In addition where the soils classified as Myford and Sorrento overlie marine and nonmarin e terraces these soils may be moderately
compressible Such soils could cause structural damage to foundations under structural loads associated with any of the proposed land uses on the site unless properly addressed during
design and construction The existing soils on the MCAS El Toro site are adequate for building and do not pose a constraint for the land uses under Proposed Project

The bedrock units that are exposed in the MCAS El Toro site area occur in the foothills north of Irvine Boulevard generally in the area of planned open space and will not affect or be
tiected by the land uses and facilities under the Proposed Project
All engineexing and design for the airport and other land use structures of the Proposed Project will be consistent with American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM D 2487 98
Standard Classification of Soils for Enaineering Purwses unified Soil Classtication System and FAA Advisory Circular AC 15W5320 6D Airport Pavement Design and Evaluation
1995
Given the general depth to groundwater within the MCAS El Toro site confines in excess of 80 200 feet see Figure 4.7 3 there will be no impacts to groundwater and or local aquif s as
a result of construction activities associated with the Proposed Project Under the Proposed

County of Orange EIR No 573 Soil Geology and Seismic 50
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Project the construction activities with the highest potential to impact groundwater will be excavations cuts taking place near the southe astem end of Runway 7FL At this location cuts
will be made to a depth of approximately 58 feet In contrast depth to groundwater in this location is between 160 to 200 feet below ground surface Therefore there is no likelihood of
affecting groundwater during construction Zn addition criteria specified in required project related geotechnical studies per Standard Condition G l will reduce further the potential for
impacts to these resources through a combination of design engineering and construction strategies Furthermore because of the variation in depth to groundwater across the MCAS El
Tore site any potential for construction related impacts would be site specific

H ydrugeuhg y
The Proposed Project does not involve the extraction percolation or injection of groundwater therefore it will not directly impact groundwater resources at the MCAS El
Toro site The Proposed Project will not directly impact the existing groundwater contamination Section 4.8 Hydrology and Water Quality and Section 4.16 Hazardous
Wastes and Hazardous Materials Use provide more detailed discussion regarding potential impacts to groundwater at the MCAS El Toro site and remediation activities

Seismicit y
The primary seismic hazard potentially affecting the MCAS El Toro site would be groundshaking fkom a major earthquake that could occur along any of several active faults in
the area The probable seismic occurrences on the MCAS El Toro site related to these faults were summarized earlier in Table 4.7 2 Severe seismic shaking can cause damage to
structures that do not meet current construction standards for seismic design possibly including some of the structures that are scheduled to remain at MCAS El Ton during the
phased construction of the Proposed Project and can also provide the mechanism for settlement of loose soil with an attendant loss of soil support for foundations and structures

The possible introduction of civilian populations including both employees and airline passengers to the area may increase the number of people subjected to potential seismic
activity on the MCAS El Toro site However this part of Orange County is no more subject to seismic activity than most of the rest of Orange County and Southern California The levels of
possible titure seismic shaking estimated for the MCAS El Toro site were summarized earlier in Table 4.7 2 The design of all new structures on the site is required to adhere to the
provisions of the Uniform Building Code and local regulations
Seismically induced liquefaction resulting from severe ground al g does not represent a significant risk on the MCAS El Toro site based on the characteristics of the existing soils on
the site Based on present knowledge of the site mitigation for liquefaction is not anticipated However this condition will be verified by site specific investigations prior to
grading construction Any potential for liquefaction can be substantially mitigated by ensuring that the design of all structures on the site adheres to the provisions of the Uniform Building
Code and local regulations Therefore the potential for ground failure resulting from the loss

Soils Geology and Seismic County of Orange EIR No 573 51
51 Page 52 53
of the load bearing strength of the soils due to seismklly induced liquefkction under the Proposed Project would not be significant
The potential for surface fault rupture on the MCAS El Tore site is low because no known active or potentially active faults cross or project into tis site Therefore the potential impact
of surf e fblt rupture on the MCAS El Tore site under the Proposed Project is not considered significant No mitigation is required

4.7.6.2 John Wayne Airport
Under the Proposed Project no sign ant modifications to the existing facilities at JWA would be made and therefore no impacts are anticipated and no mitigation measures would
apply The following section presents general considerations applicable to the JWA area

The soils on the JWA site are highly variable in their composition and are classified as potentially expansive with moderate to high shrink swell potential Such shrink swell
characteristics can cause extensive problems and damage to building foundations if not properly addressed during design grading and construction The soils classified as Myford
and Omni soil associations which underlie all of the airport can be moderately to highly expansive In addition the soils may be moderately compressible Such soils could cause
structural damage to foundations under structural loads associated with proposed land uses on the site unless properly addressed during design and construction

Hydrugeology
The Proposed Project does not involve the extraction percolation or injection of groundwater Therefore the Proposed Project would not directly impact groundwater

resources in either the MCAS El Toro or JWA area

Seismic hazards potentially affecting the JWA site would include 1 groundshaking from a major earthquake that could occur along any of several active faults in the area and 2
liquefaction The Newport Inglewood Fault Zone is located within one mile of the south end of the JWA branches of the Newport Inglewood Fault Zone are present to the east and west
According to the California Division of Mines and Geology the maxim credible earthquake magnitude on the main Newport Inglewood Fault Zone is believed to be 6.5 to
7.4 the maximum magnitudes of earthquakes on the branch faults which are not definitely known to be active are Iower Severe seismic shaking can cause outright damage to poorly
designed or constructed structures and can also provide the mechanism for settlement of loose soil with an attendant loss of soil support for foundations and structures

County of Orange EIR No 573 Soil Geology and Seismicity 52
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The northern end of JWA underlain by the clay rich soil of the Omni association is within the seismic hazard zone defined by the California Division of Mines and Geology due to the
potential for earthquake induced liquefaction resulting from severe groundshaking
The potential for surface fault rupture on the JWA site is believed to be low because no indications of past surface rupture are known However since the site is underlain by the
Compton Los Alamitos blind thrust fault it is conceivable that movements on the blind thrust could cause surface rupture Since no specific location of such rupture is known no mitigation
is possible
The Prop04 Project does not include significant new construction at JWA Therefore the Proposed Project would not generate any new significant impacts related to seismicity and no
mitigation of seismic hazards such as ground shaking liquefaction or surface f u rupture would be required

The County of Orange will ensure that all strWurestobecon uctedaspartoftheProposed Project will be designed in accordance with the seismic design provisions of the Utiorm
Building Code to promote safety in the event of a major earthquake Additional construction design measures may be specified in a design level GectechnicaI Report

4.7.7 Mitigation Measures
4.7.7.1 Final EIR No 563 Mitigation Measures
The significant effects identified in Final EIR No 563 were considered to be mitigated to below a level of significance with the adoption of the feasible mitigation measures below
Some of the measures have been updated for ElR No 573 to reflect the current stage of planning Changes from EIR No 563 are in strikeout and underline
c
G l Mitigation Measure for Soils A

lhGJ22Prior to acquiring a grading permit for project construction the County of Orange will require preparation of a Geology Report and

Preliminary and Final Soils Reports to specifically assess the following
the shrink swell potential of potentially expansive soils on the site and specifically address this issue with appropriate recommendations for soil
treatments grading procedures and or foundation designs as appropriate for the planned land uses on the site

ii the issues of possible hydroconsolidatiun and settlement of soils through the addition of irrigation water to the site and variations in groundwater
levels in any possibly collapsible soils on the site
iii the issues of soils removal and recompaction where necessary and the suitability of the soils on the site that will be excavated for use as structural
fills on the MCAS El Toro site
Soils Geology and Seismicity County of Orange EIR No 573 53
53 Page 54 55
The recommendations tirn the Geology and Soils renort will be incorporated into the E plan for the project to be followed bv the Countv
G 2 Mitigation Measure for Futitive D u s t As ~ti 5 W
JPrior to obtaining a mading Dermit for proiect construction the County of Change will require the Geology Report and the

Preliminary and Final Soils Reports to specifically assess grading control with special emphasis on controlling fugitive dust which could be generated during site
preparation grading and construction These reports will specifically provide fur establishing procedures for dust control and monitoring so that unacceptable levels of
dust do not escape from the site These dust control measures will be coordinated with the dust control measures described earlier in Section 4.5 Air Quality

The standards and procedures develoDed in the retorts will be incorrxxated into the grading plan to be followed bv the Countv
G 3 Mitigation Measure for Seismicitv With regard to the potential for severe seismic shaking due to major earthquakes on any of the several active faults in southern
California the County of Orange will ensure that all structures on the MCAS El Tore site will be designed in accordance with the seismic design provisions in the
Geotechnical Report and of the Uniform Building Code to promote safety in the event of such an earthquake

l G 4 Prior to obtaining a grading t ermit for txoiect construction the County of Change till require that
detailed geotechnical and hydrological reports be prepared specifically addressing any needed modifications to the existing drainages on the MCAS El Toro site These
reports will also specifically address the issue of erosion control for the construction phase and long term operations of the planned land uses on the site
These geotechnical and hydrologic reports will also address surf e runoff from the MCAS

El Toro site into the channels during construction and or modifications of the channels and during grading for the planned land uses on the site with specific
recommendations to prevent soil erosion siltation and debris influx into the drainage system The reports will also address the ecological sensitivity of the down drainage
areas such as San Diego Creek and Upper Newport Bay to increased runoff and siltation Recommendations and procedures will be developed to ensure these
sensitive areas are not subjected to increased runoff siltation and debris influx as a result of the planned land uses on the MCAS El Toro site

The standards and procedures develoDed in the retorts will be incoroorated into the grading nlan to be followed by the Countv

County of Orange EIFt No 573 Soil Geology and Seismic 54
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4.7.7.2 Final EIR No 563 Supplemental Analysis Mitigation Measures
This resource area was not required to be addressed in the Supplexnental Analysis for Final EIR No 563

4.7.7.3 Standard Conditions of Approval
The Proposed Project includes a number of County of Orange Conditions of Approval CC Is These CO listed in Appendix L serve to implement various County regulations
and policies and to provide protection to the environment These COAs are part of the Proposed Project and as a result are themselves project features that can avoid or substantially
reduce potential adverse impacts of the Proposed Project on the environment The County will ensure that each COA incorporated in the Proposed Project is properly impkmented as an
integral part of the land use review compliance process COAs related to soils geology and seismicity resources which are incorporated in the Proposed Project are as follows

Gl l Y Report G6 Preliminary Soils Report
G7 Final Soils Report

4.7.7.4 Additional Mitigation Measures
Mitigation Measure G 4 of Final EIR No 563 is in part addressed by preparation of ElR No 573 No additional mitigation measures beyond those set forth in Final EIR No 563 as
revised for EIR No 573 were identified Additional mitigation measures related to erosion and sedimentation are presented in EIR No 573 in the Water Quality subsection of Section
4.8 Hydrology and Water Quality

4.7.8 Level of Significance After Mitigation
No significant impacts associated with issues related to soils geology or seismicity that cannot be mitigated to below a level of significance were identified

No Project No Activity Comparison
The No Project No Activity Alternative would not involve construction or development at the MCAS El Toro site and therefore would not result in impacts related to soils or
geologic features Furthermore because the MCAS El Toro site would remain vacant and unoccupied it would not expose employees or visitors to potential seismic effects as the
Proposed Project would
Under the No Project No Activity Alternative JWA would be restricted to existing operations and no changes to the existing conditions regarding soils geologic features or
seismicity would occur The Proposed Project would expose fewer employees and visitors

Soils Geology and Seismic County of Change ElR No 573 55
55 Page 56 57
to potential seismic effects No Activity Alternative
County of Change EIR No 573
JWA would operate at a level less than the No Project
Soil Geology and Seismicity 56
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4.8 HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY
This section addresses project related impacts associated with hydrology and water quality at United States Marine Corps Air Station El Toro MCAS El Toro and John Wayne
Airport WA The term OZO JJ is used to denote issues of surface water drainage and flood control The term wafer quality is used to denote issues of surface and groundwater
pollution including siltation suspended solids in surface water
This section is based on the Hydrology and Water Quality Technical Report included as Appendix G to this EIR Certain issues associated with local and regional conditions
affecting hydrology and water quality also are addressed in Sections 4.6 Landform and Topography 4.7 Soils Geology and Seismicity and 4.16 Hazardous Materials and
Hazardous Waste to this EIR

4.8.1 Summary of Conclusions in Final EIR No 563
Sections 43.1 and 4.8.2 summarize conclusions including the potential impacts and proposed mitigation derived f om the Hydrology and Water Quality Section of the MCAS

El Toro Community Reuse Plan CRP Final Environmental Impact Report No 563 Final EIR No 563 as welI as the Final Supplemental Analysis to Final EIR No 563 see Section
4.8.2 CEQA fIndings facts in support of findings and overriding considerations relative to hydrology and water quality as documented in Final EIR No 563 and as amended by the
Final Supplemental Analysis also are noted where applicable
Final EIR No 563 detehned that the CRP would produce surface water runoff at the MCAS El Toro site due to the amount of impervious area that would be created by
pavement and buildings However flooding was determined not to be an area of concern based upon the drainage improvements outlined in the San Diego Creek Flood Control
Master Plan FCMP

4.8.1 I Significant Effects that Cannot be Mitigated to a Level of insignificance

Final EIR No 563 found no significant hydrology or water quality impacts associated with the CRP that could not be mitigated to below a level of significance
4.8.1.2 Effects Determined to be Mitigated to Below a Level of Significance
Final EIR No 563 determined that water quality impacts would be mitigated to below a level of significance by compliance with appropriate National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System NPDES and grading permits as well as implementation of the County's 208 Plan identified in the FCMI The 208 Plan was developed in accordance
with Section 208 guidelines of the Federal Clean Water Act to control downstream

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sediment in the San Diego Creek Watershed The specific mitigation measures are identified in Section 4.8.7
4.8.2 Final EIR No 563 Supplemental Analysis
In response to the San Diego Superior Court's ruling that EIR No 563 improperly relied on unbuilt u nded infkas e in assessing project impacts a supplemental analysis that
analyzed the hydrologic impacts of the Community Reuse Plan against existing 1995 infkastructure was prepared Because the trial court did not find the Final EIR No 563
pollutant water quality analysis to be inadequate the Supplemental Analysis addressed water quality impacts only within the unbuilt u nded infrastructure context and on that
basis was limited to an assessment of sedimentation levels and the impact of sedimentation on water quality

4.8.2.1 Effects Determined to Be Mitigated Below a Level of
Significance

The Supplemental Analysis determined that during 100 year storm event conditions
flooding would occur at two of the four channels on the MCAS El Toro site under either the CRP or the reuse alternatives The analysis proposed mitigation in the form of infrastructure

improvements to reduce excess outflows which would be caused in part by the CR P and which would reduce the identified project related hydrologic and water quality impacts to a
level below significant The Supplemental Analysis also included mitigation measures directed
towards impacts not caused by the Proposed Project The Supplemental Analysis concluded that all CRP related hydrology and water quality impacts would be reduced to a

level below significant following construction of the identified infrastructure improvements

Environmental Setting Existing Conditions
Hydrology and water quality impacts related to surface and groundwater largely are determined by the pattern direction and velocity conditions under which water in a given
region flows The discussions that follow describe existing conditions related to these variables at MCAS El Toro and JWA Hydrology and Water Quality issues for each site are
addressed separately

4.8.3.1 MCAS El Toro
The MCAS El Toro site and the surrounding area are located on the eastern part of the Tustin Plain
near the southern margin of the foothills of the Santa Ana Mountains Geographically the Tustin Plain is a gently sloping alluvial plain extending south and southwest from the Santa

Ana foothills to the San Joaquin Hills and Upper Newport Bay The topography of the Santa
Ana foothills is low with rounded southerly extending ridges and interlying shallow alluvialfilled valleys and drainages

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The MCAS El Toro site can be divided into two distinct geologic rains The ti is the foothill area where the hills and ridges are underlain by a tilted sequence of stratified
sedimentary bedrock units The bedrock is largely impermeable and water movement is predominantly along the surface channels The second is the gently sloping alluvial plain
which is underlain by a wedge of alluvial fan sediments that thicken rapidly to the southwest and are over 500 feet deep in the western portion of the MCAS El Toro site The alluvial
materials contain water bearing zones aquifers along which groundwater migrates both surface and groundwater resources are therefore present in the area of the alluvial plain

H ydruhg y
The MCAS El Toro site covering approximately 4,700 acres in the San Diego Creek Watershed slopes from northeast to southwest at a mild grade of approximately 2 percent
The site at the base of the Lomas de Santiago Foothills in the Santa Ana Mountains ranges in elevation from 215 to 750 feet above mean sea level msl The Flood Control Master
Plan for San Diego Creek FCMP prepared in 1989 analyzed the then existing tributary drainages of San Diego Creek from its headwaters to I 405 downstream of the confluence
with Peters Canyon Channel The FCMP identified a range of flood control improvements for the Watershed that would control flood peaks based on a 100 year flood The plan was
adopted by the City of Irvine the City of Tustin The Irvine Company and the County of Orange and currently is being implemented in phases The major facilities that potentially
would affect existing conditions of runon and runoff at the MCAS El Toro site were completed by 1998

Six surf e drainage channels traverse the MCAS El Toro site as shown on Figure 4.8 l The site drainage facilities include the Marshbum Channel System Bee Canyon Channel Agua
Chinon System Borrego Channel Serrano Creek Channel and headwaters of the San Diego Creek which drain into the San Diego Creek Channel south of the MCAS El Toro site San
Diego Creek ultimately discharges into Upper Newport Bay approximately seven miles southwest of the MCAS El Toro site These channels carry winter and spring runoff but are
generally dry or carry only small amounts of water in the summer and fall During more severe winter storms these high volume flows can carry large amounts of sediment the catchment and
retarding basins in the upper regions of the Marshbum Bee Canyon and Agua Chinon watersheds serve to minim the movement of these materials There are no natural channels
that continuously cross the site
The Unit Hydrograph Method described in the 1986 Orange County Hydrology Manual OCHM was used to calculate existing runoff from the MCAS El Toro site The Unit
Hydrograph Model was created using software developed by Advanced Engineering Software ES as approved by the Orange County Flood Control District UCFCD A
summary of the AES routing analysis for the expected 100 year flood for existing conditions is shown by drainage in Table 4.8 1 Data used for these calculations represent
refinements over those used in previous studies and are based on current site runoff conditions and drainage facilities For a complete discussion of this modeling study see
Appendix G

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The United States Army Corps of Engineers AWE Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System HEC RAS model was used to perform a floodplain analysis of the
existing MCAS El Toro drainage facilities Floodplain studies were performed on the MCAS El Toro Site in 1976 and in 1998 when a Conditional Letter of Map Revision
CLOMR was completed for the Marshbum Channel and Retarding Basin Information from these studies was used for the HEC RAS modeling performed for this floodplain study
A detailed discussion of this analysis as well as the cross section and summary tables of the model output is discussed in Appendix G

Table 4.8 l Summary of 100 Year Flows at MCAS El Toro Under Existing Conditions

Bee Canyon Channel 680 680 1865 1240 Agua Chinon Channel 237 917 1759 1781
Borrego Channel 3629 4990 3971 5340 2 Semno Creek PI Cl1 3791 3600 3
Upper San Diego Creek I II Cl1 1 2001 1800 3
NOTE l J Flow en ring the MCAS El Tore site was not calculated because the on site area which contributes inflows to the channel is insignificant

2 Backwater effect from downstream railroad crossing 3 Potential backwater effect fkom downstream channel geometry

The results of the floodplain analysis were mapped as shown in Figure 4.8 2 The majority of the on site channels are sized for the 100 year storm event The channels that typically
experience flooding under present conditions the upper reaches of San Diego Creek Semno Creek below Aiton Parkway and Barranca Parkway Muirlands Boulevard are
mostly in agricultural use areas An exception is flooding in Bee Canyon which can overflow upstream of MCAS El Toro Taxiway E and flow towards the end of Runway 7
backwater can also occur at the railroad tracks on the southern part of the site
The MCAS El Toro related flood control facilities Marshbum Channel Bee Canyon Channel Agua Chinon Channel Borrego Canyon Channel Serrano Creek and Upper San
Diego Creek and their relative ability to accommodate the Proposed Project's 100 year flood flows are the subject of this floodplain analysis Each is discussed separately below

Marshbum Channel
The major watershed in the westerly one third of the MCAS El Toro site is the Marshbum Channel drainage area which encompasses approximately 1,000 acres of land downstream
of Marshburn Retarding Basin Marshbum Channel which parallels the northwest boundary of the MCAS El Toro site is a trapezoidal concrete lined channel that varies in bottom
width from 8 to 10 feet and in depth from 5 to 7 feet The concrete and gunite channel begins immediately upstream from Irvine Boulevard and ends downstream from Irvine
Center Drive Some gunite sections of this channel are partially broken exposing sub base
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soils There is a short segment of bowl shaped channel between the end of the concrete channel and the beginning of a concrete inlet structure where this facility crosses the site
boundary This bowl shaped channel is in poor condition The expansions of Marshbum Channel between Trabuco Road and I 5 and the Marshbum Retarding Basin built to an
interim outlet level shown in Figure 4.8 3 were completed in 1997
The Marshbum Retarding Basin is an element of the FCMP A purpose of this facility is to provide a reduction in peak flows to the downstream channels and to provide flood
protection to the east leg of the Eastern Transportation Corridor The ultimate design for the basin retains the 100 year flows from the Marshbum Watershed which include diversions
from Bee Canyon at Irvine Boulevard
The interim conditions of the Marshburn Retarding Basin include an outlet structure to release the 100 year flows to Marshbum Channel Any larger storm with increased tributary
runoff will result in spillway flow Currently the outlet between the retarding basin and Marshbum Channel is sized for flows that can be conveyed by the existing downstream
Channel and thus will limit most localized flooding along these reaches particularly Irvine Boulevard

The 100 year inflows and outflows for the Marshburn Channel under existing conditions are presented in Table 4.8 l The existing conditions assume the interim retarding basin
outflow conditions with no improvements to the downstream Marshbum Channel and also reflect the diversion of flows from the Bee Canyon Channel at Irvine Boulevard

The existing inflow is 69 cfs which is 25 of the channel capacity of 300 cfs reflecting the interim conditions for the Marshbum Retarding Basin The inflow location was assumed to
be immediately below the basin outlet structure The outflow for Marshbum Retarding Basin is 1693 cfs which is 85 of the channel capacity of 2000 cfs These values confirm
the floodplain analysis which found no flooding for this channel under existing conditions Figure 4 8.2

Bee Canyon Channel
The major drainage in the middle one third of the MCAS El Toro site is the Bee Canyon Watershed which encompasses approximately 1,024 acres of land downstream of Irvine
Boulevard where the existing channel is a combination of open and covered channels Bee Canyon Channel crosses the MCAS El Toro site from north to south approximately 4,000
feet east of the western boundary of the site as shown in Figure 4.8 3 A culvert beneath Irvine Boulevard conveys water to the MCAS El Toro site from the Bee Canyon drainage
area Sediment and debris frequently overload the pipe during storms causing flooding on this segment of Irvine Boulevard under the existing conditions

The Bee Canyon channels on the MCAS El Toro site are a combination of reinforced concrete box RCB culverts under the runways and open channels elsewhere in this
drainage A lo by 6 foot RCB culvert and three 5 by 6 foot RCB culverts cross under existing runways These RCB culverts dram into a trapezoidal channel which ultimately

County of Orange EIR No 573 Hydrology and Water Quality 61
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discharges into a concrete lined retarding basin off site Two retarding basins associated with Bee Canyon and Round Canyon were completed in 1994 The channel improvements
downstream of MCAS El Toro were completed in December 1988 North of the site the diversion of excess flows fYom Bee Canyon Channel into the Marshburn Retarding Basin
including channel modifications at Lambert Road at the north end of MCAS El Toro were completed in December 1998

The site inflow and outflow for the Bee Canyon Channel are shown in Table 4.8 l and reflect the improvements to the channel north of MCAS El Toro and Irvine Boulevard The
existing condition inflow is 680 cfs which is the same as the capacity at this point This will cause some local flooding in this location however it is not extensive and consequently
was not identified in the floodpIain study as an area of concern on the MCAS El Toro site Figure 4.8 2 This local flooding occurs fiorn the undercapacity drainage pipe underlying
Irvine Boulevard
Overflows from the Bee Canyon Channel and from the area of existing Runway 7 25 flow through slight depressions in the MCAS El Toro topography southwesterly to San Diego
Creek The outflow for Bee Canyon Channel is 1865 cfs which is 150 of the channel capacity of 1240 cfs This condition causes the existing condition flooding shown on the
floodplain maps in Figure 4.8 2 Because these overflows are caused by inadequate channel capacity and not confined to a definite channel localized flooding can occur in areas of the
southwest portion of the MCAS El Toro site
Agua Chinon Channel
The major watershed in the easterly one third of the site is the Agua Chinon Watershed and it encompasses approximately 1,554 acres of land below the recently constructed Agua
Chinon Retarding Basin A 6 by S foot RCB culvert originates at the northeast limit of the Wherry Housing area on the north central part of the MCAS El Toro site winds through the
Wherry Housing area and flows into an 8 by 6 foot RCB culvert at Irvine Boulevard It continues southwest across the airfield and beneath the runways where it joins another 8 by
foot collector It crosses the southeast quadrant of the site under the runways where it is joined by a third 8 by 6 foot collector The three RCB culverts drain into a trapezoidal
channel with a depth of approximately 30 feet a bottom width of 12 feet and a top width of approximately 30 feet This larger channel proceeds south under the railroad tracks and off
the site Improvements constructed as part of the FCMP consisted of a retarding basin in upstream Agua Chinon which was completed in 1997

The inflows and outfIows for Agua Chinon Channel are shown in Table 4.8 l The inflow at this location is 237 cfs under existing conditions which is 26 of the channel capacity of
917 cfs The outflow is 1759 cfs which is 99 of the channel capacity of 1781 cfs This outflow condition causes local flooding which is confined to the southernmost areas of the
channel as it leaves the site upstream of the railroad track Figure 4.8 2

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Borrego Channel
Borrego Creek and its tributary to the west begin as natural channels in the Santa AM Mountains northeast of the MCAS El Tore site Borrego Creek flows through the adjacent
federal Habitat Reserve located on the easterly side of MCAS El Tom and the Borrego Creek tributary enters the MCAS El Tore site at its northeast corner The main Borrego
Creek channel and tributary converge near the southern site boundary above Trabuco Road exiting and then paralleling the southern boundary of the MCAS El Tore site where the
channel becomes a 12 foot deep 20 to 25 f wide RCB culvert at Irvine Boulevard The culvert parallels the MCAS El Toro perimeter road again entering the MCAS EI Tore site
approximately 1,500 feet above the railroad tracks where it changes to an unimproved trapezoidal channel again leaving the site at Barranca Parkway and joining Agua Chinon
Channel Figure 4.8 2 Interim improvements for Borrego Creek are completed for several sections of the channel on the MCAS El Toro site

The inflows and outflows for Borrego Channel are shown in Table 4.8 L The inflow at this location is 3629 cfs under existing conditions which is 73 of the channel capacity of 4990
cfs The outflow is 3971 cfs which is 75 of the channel capacity of 5340 cfi The floodplain analysis identified flooding under existing conditions at two locations along the
Borrego Channel as identified in Figure 4.8 2 The northern portion of flooding is off site and upstream from the inflow location for Borrego Channel This flooding is corn some
unimproved channel sections in this reach The downstream flooding occurs in a 3000 foot reach of channel upstream from the railroad crossing The outflow capacity of 75 does not
reflect this flooding condition which is caused by backwater of the railroad bridge 200 feet off site

Serrano Creek
Semno Creek traverses a section of the southeastern comer of the MCAS El Tore site The headwaters of this channel are in Se 0 Canyon in the Santa AM Mountains east of the

site This facility is a natural charnel in its reach across MCAS El Tore At its southern exit from MCAS El Tore Serrano Creek flows through a 20 by 30 foot culvert It then
becomes a natural channel again south of I 5 where it discharges to agricultural fields The outflow shown on Table 4.8 l is 3971 cfs which is 110 of the channel capacity of 3600
cfs This causes existing condition flooding all along the reach as shown by the floodplain study Figure 4.8 2 This flooding is also caused by backwater conditions along and below
the channel as it leaves the site

Upper San Diego Creek
A small portion of the southeastern tip of MCAS El Tore lies in the headwaters of San Diego Creek San Diego Creek in this area is a natural channel It discharges to agricultural
fields south of the southern boundary of MCAS El Toro The outflow shown on Table 4.8 l is 2001 cfs which is 111 of the channel capacity of 1800 cfs This causes existing
condition flooding all along the reach as shown by the floodplain study Figure 4.8 2 This

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flooding is also caused by backwater conditions along and below the channel as it leaves the site
Wa tef Quality
This section describes existing conditions related to surface and groundwater quality on the MCAS EI Toro site This section begins with a discussion of surface water pollutants and
sediments followed by a discussion of groundwater conditions at MCAS El Toro and the applicable regulatory scheme relevant to water quality issues

Surface Water Pollutant and Sediment Sources
Surface water quality typically is influenced by a combination of sediment transport and urban runoff from impervious surfaces such as rooftops runways streets aircraft hangers
maintenance areas and other structures on the MCAS El Toro site Since the water in these channels is immediately routed off site rather than detained the potential for mixing surface
waters with groundwater through percoIation is substantially reduced
Most of the sediment sources at the MCAS El Toro site are natural channels and drainages located upstream fjlom the site Most channel siltation occurs in the aftermath of flood
events when decreasing water flows result in the deposit of suspended sediment again mainly f om upstream sources Three of the channels on the MCAS El Toro site
Marshbum Channel Agua Chinon Channel and Bee Canyon Channel have sediment basins upstream from the site These basins trap silt sediment trash and other debris before
the water passes through the MCAS El Toro site There presently are no flood or sediment control basin facilities on Borrego Canyon Channel As described earlier Borrego Canyon
Channel has both natural and improved reaches and conveys water along the east edge of MCAS El Toro

There is little active erosion taking place on the MCAS El Toro site with the exception of the upper reaches of Borrego Creek in the adjacent federal Habitat Reserve There are also
reaches along Borrego Creek that are experiencing channel degradation where some soil is exposed along the broken channel bottom and sides There are also small sediment
contributions from within the confines of MCAS El Toro for example from the bank and rill erosion near the channels but this source is considered minor

The backbone drainage system collects the surface runoff sediments and pollutants from the inflows onto the base into the existing drainage system and conveys them off site at the
same outflow points discussed in the hydrology section Figure 4.8 4 The existing drainage water quality conditions for Marshbum Channel are from the smaller on site drainage
systems mostly outside the airfield operation areas and below Irvine Boulevard Marshburn Retarding Basin Interim conditions retains and redirects the upstream runoff and thus the
potential water quality pollutants as well There are the smaller outfalls at Trabuco and Marine Roads which serve the previous enlisted and family housing as well as service and
maintenance buildings west of the airfield area Figure 4.8 4

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Bee Canyon and Agua Chinon Channels both have some small upstream contributions from the areas north of Irvine Boulevard however they also have retarding basins not far
upstream from the MCAS El Toro site boundaries that serve to restrict sediment and other pollutants to site inflows The Bee Canyon and Aqua Chinon outfalls receive most of the
airfields drainage Figure 4.8 4
Borrego Creek Channel has no upstream retarding basin and the upstream water quality flow contribution is conveyed along the southern site boundary to the outfall near Barranca
Parkway The on site drainage is from the existing golf course and several other green areas and includes nutrient and sediment pollutants corn the golf course and other off site
upstream drainages Little airfield runoff flows to this channel
Serrano and Upper San Diego Creeks convey surface sediment and pollutant runoff from upstream and off site sources directly along the short on site stream lengths and
immediately off site with little contribution less than 5 from the MCAS El Toro site As previously discussed in the hydrology section this is due to the small site drainage area
compared to the much larger upstream contributing watershed Figure 4.8 3
Discharge monitoring reports for MCAS El Toro indicate that for base year 1998 the maximum sampled concentrations at El Toro outfalls exceeded some applicable water
quality standards Specifically maximum sampled outfall concentrations for total suspended solids TSS pH and total petroleum hydrocarbons TPH were reported at 5,000
milligrams per liter mg l 9.5 and 7.5 mg l respectively Additionally monitoring reports from the last permit term indicate consistently elevated levels of TSS and a few heavy
metals zinc lead and copper

Groundwater
Groundwater is located beneath the ground surface where spaces between the soil particles are filled or saturated with water The porous and permeable subsurface formations which

contain and transmit groundwater are called aquifers Groundwater migrates much more slowly than surface water thus reducing the potential for pollutants to move or dilute as
readily as they do in surface water systems Groundwater movement similar to surface water movement is from higher to lower elevations Groundwater ranges in depth from 120
to 200 feet below land surface bls at the MCAS El Toro site Groundwater flow direction is generally to the west for MCAS El Toro The groundwater network in the Proposed
Project area is shown on Figure 4.8 5
Groundwater can exist in the subsurface in both aquifers and perched water zones A perched water zone is an area vadose zone of saturated material that lies at a higher level
than the water table the continuous zone of groundwater saturation because of the presence of an impervious layer beneath the perched water that prevents its downward
migration Such perched water zones are ofien seasonal and temporary forming during periods of high infiltration Logs of borings drilled on MCAS EI Toro and reviewed for this
report do not indicate the presence of perched water however the stratigraphy of the soil

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with numerous interfingering lenses of sand silt and clay indicates that perched water conditions are possible
During routine water quality monitoring in 1985 the Orange County Water District UCWD discovered trichloroethylene TCE in the groundwater fkom an irrigation well
located about 3,000 feet west of MCAS El Toro The groundwater was identified to be part of the Irvine Subbasin Subsequent investigations by UCWD and the DON concluded that
ICE contamination and other volatile organic compounds VQCs detected in the groundwater had originated at MCAS El Toro and were migrating toward the main
groundwater subbasin in Santa Ana
In the early 199Os the Irvine Ranch Water District IRWD installed a well at the comer of Jef ey and Irvine Center Drive to assist in the cleanup process of the regional groundwater
This well pumps the groundwater fiorn the MCAS El Toro site through a turbine air stripper to remove the TCE Once cleaned the water is used for irrigation purposes IRWD 1999

Currently the DON IRWD and OCWD are negotiating the Irvine Desalter Project IDP to address large scale treatment of groundwater in the vicinity of the MCAS El Toro site The
IDP will address groundwater treatment for various constituents including VOCs total dissolved solids TDS and nitrates Issues related to existing groundwater contamination
are addressed in detail in Section 4.16 Hazardous Wastes and Hazardous Materials Use

Water Quality Regulatory Scheme
The quality of surface waters typically falls under the jurisdiction of the State Water Resources Control Board SWRCB and the Regional Water Quality Control Board
RWQCB Santa Ana Region Where there is a proven threat to water quality the RWQCB issues NPDES Permits to control impacts to surface water quality As discussed surface
water quality is impacted by sediment loading and pollutant discharges
Sediment loading is addressed in the FCMP which incorporates the Section 208 Plan for regional watershed sedimentation control The FCMP and the Section 208 Plan require
stabilization of channels and the installation of sediment basins in the foothills The overall goal of the Section 208 Plan is to restore maintain protect and enhance the Upper Newport
Bay Ecological Reserve which has been degraded by the accumulation of sediment The Section 208 Plan currently is being implemented under a cooperative program among the
California Department of Fish and Game CDFG the Orange County Flood Control District OCFCD the Cities of Tustin Irvine and Newport Beach and The Irvine Company

Under Section 303 d of the federal Clean Water Act CWA California has identified waters that have not met the CWA goal of fishable swimmable despite the fact that
nationally required levels of pollution control technology have been implemented by many pollution sources CWA Section 303 d addresses these waters that are not fishable
swimmable by developing total maximum daily loads TMDLs for them with oversight from the U S Environmental Protection Agency EPA A Th4DL is the result of

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quantitative assessment of water quality problems contributing sources and load reductions or control actions needed to restore and protect bodies of water
EPA has listed several water bodies on California's 1998 Section 303 d list including Newport Bay Newport Bay sediment and nutrient TMDLs provide numeric targets for a set
of specific indicators of sediment loading and are set forth in RWQCB in Resolution No 98 l 00 entitled Resolutions Revhing the Amendment to the Water Qudity Control Plan for
the Santa Ana River B n hemprating a Nutrient TMDL for the Newport Bay San Diego Creek Watershed The Proposed Project will be required to meet specific TMDLs as part
of the Drainage Area Management Plan DAMP currently being revised to accommodate these Newport Bay TMDL targets for nutrients

Permits that likely will be required for the Proposed Project include federal 401 402 and 404 permits and a State of California 16010602 Agreement Each of these permit programs
protects streambed resources and stream water quality and is described in the following
ParagraphhsSection

401 of the CWA also referred to as Water Quality Certification protects water quality from activities such as the dredging or filling of streambeds repairing flood control

channels dewatering or management of construction water runoff The program is administered by the SWRCB Compliance with Section 401 typically includes the
incorporation of Best Management Practices BMPs into contractor specifications which would reduce potential construction impacts In cases where dewaering is involved
groundwater testing in addition to mitigating downstream silting of discharge water may be required

Permits under Section 402 of the CWA also known as National Pollution Discharge Elimination System NPDES permits address specific types of water discharge activity
NPDES permits tend to be industry specific and more focused on point source discharges often quantifying effluent standards TMDL requirements are also implemented through the
NPDES permits Statewide NPDES permits manage construction activities on sites larger than five acres through the General Construction Activity Storm Water Permit program
managed by the SWRCB Construction Activity permits require the applicant to demonstrate that the project has made provisions to eliminate or reduce non storm wafer discharges into
storm water systems develop a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan SWPPP if necessary and inspect storm water control systems and pollution prevention measures

Section 404 of the CWA regulates the discharge of dredged or fill materials into waters of the United States Waters of the United States can include lakes rivers streams wetlands
flood control channels detention retarding basins and other similar features Section 404 is managed by the Army Corps of Engjneers ACOE through the issuance of 404 dredge and
fill permits Authorization to modify waters of the United States must be obtained prior to construction Measures designed to reduce impacts to the drainage channel and wafer quality
are typically included in the 404 permit These measures are usually coordinated with other federal and state resources agencies as appropriate

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Sections 1601 1602 of the California Fish and Game Code require that all proposed impacts to streambeds and their associated habitats be authorized by the CDFG prior to the start of
work The jurisdiction of the CDFG typically mirrors that of the ACOE

Existing MCAS El Tore Water Quality Permits
The MCAS El Tore site presently operates under NPDES permit Order No 9842 which applies to military and related uses classified as industrial The existing NPDES Permit
identifies activities especially agricuhural activities in the San Diego Creek Watershed that have contributed to substantial impairment of the beneficial uses of the Upper Newport Bay
and certain tributaries Pollutants include nutrients such as nitrates pesticides herbicides and suspended solids The discharge of suspended sediment f om MCAS El Toro through
the drainage channels to the San Diego Creek Upper Newport Bay drainage system is partially regulated by the terms of the NPDES permit The Regional Water Quality Control
Board through the NPDES permit has established maximum levels of suspended solids in the discharge water from MCAS El Tore in an effort to achieve the TMDLs target limits for
waters entering Upper Newport Bay The NPDES permit for MCAS El Ton specifies a maximum daily concentration of 75 mg l total suspended solids in the discharge waters from
the facility
Requirements of the NPDES permits include periodic stormwater monitoring and sampling implementation of BMPs and preparation of SWPPPs The BMPs are intended to minimize
the potential for contamination of surface runoff due to preventable releases in such areas as eqtipment maintenance facilities me SWPPP is intended to put into place institutional
controls to minimize pollution by such means as providing secondary containment for aboveground storage tanks The monitoring and reporting requirements are intended to
provide confirmation that the measures in the BMPs and SWPPP are working to indicate the need for additional control measures or to document the extent and impact of releases

Some of the Best Management Practices cited in the existing MCAS El Tore NPDES Permit that have been implemented on the El Toro site include

0 Use of oil and water separators at all airc vehicle and equipment wash rack stations and at prescribed discharge locations
ii Use of hazardous materials following manufacturer's directions Working tools and equipment are to be cleaned so as to minimize the potentiaI for contamination of the
workplace and outside ground surfxe areas by hazardous material residues Hazardous materials and wastes are to be stored in a properly permitted storage
facility
iii Adherence to a routine sweeping schedule in and around indoor and outdoor work areas

iv Implementation of a Spill Prevention Countermeasure and Control SPCC Plan and procedures for the handling transfer and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes

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The MCAS El Toro site is equipped with two weirs and skimmers to filter oils and greases from runoff as required by the NPDES Permit These facilities are located in Bee Canyon
Channel and Agua Chinon Channel at the south end of the MCAS El Toro site

4.8.3.2 John Wayne Airport
Most of JWA is located on Newport Mesa a nonmarin e terrace deposit of Upper Pleistocene age that marks the coastal terminus of the Tustin Plain The northern 20 percent of JWA is in
the Tustin Plain Newport Mesa consists of slightly consolidated sand and gravel deposits with minor amounts of clay and is up to several hundred feet thick Bedrock is not exposed at the
surface within the boundaries of JWA Surf water runoff at JWA splits into a storm drain conveyance system that drains to Upper Newport Bay via either the Delhi Channel from the
west or the San Diego Creek channel from the east See Figure 4.8 I Since JWA is underlain by alluvial materials groundwater is also present beneath the site

H ydruhg y
Drainage on the 563 acre JWA site consists of three separate components the north and south airport drainages satellite parking lots to the northeast and a golf course to the
southwest Figure 4.8 6 The south half of the airport contains 223 acres and has local facilities that drain directly into storm drain F01 The north half of the airport contains 282
acres and has local facilities that drain into storm drain FOl Sol The satellite parking lots off Main Street contain 23 acres and have local facilities that drain into storm drain FOSPlO
The golf course contains 35 acres and has local facilities that drain into storm drain F01 Locations and flow volumes exiting JWA are shown on Table 4.8 2

Table 4.8 2 Summary of 100 Year Flows at JWA Under EEisting Conditions

NOTE l NA Not applicable because the runoff that would enter JWA is intercepted by street drains with the exception of the 100 year flood
To analyze the flood prone areas for JWA the Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA Flood Insurance F e Map FIRM No 06059C0046E 9 U 89 was consulted
Several improvements including a peaking basin have been built since 1989 on the JWA site to reduce flooding and ponding conditions Based on the runoff analysis and design
drawings of the airport a revised flood prone area map was developed The 100 year floodplain for the JWA vicinity is shown on Figure 4.8 6 The revised flood prone area map
shows that the flooding in the golf course area of the site will remain as shown on the FIRM The areas of localized less that one foot in depth flooding will remain in the area north of

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the JWA site as shown on the FIRM however the pending areas on site have been removed illustrating the effects of the improved drainage facilities
w a t e r Q u a l i t y
Surface Water Quality
The airside portion of JWA operates under the State's General Industrial Storm Water NPDES Permit Order No 97 030DWQ The General Industrial NPDES permit does not
contain numeric effluent limitations As part of the NPDES permit JWA has prepared and operates under the provisions of a SWPPP which has been approved by the State Water
Resources Control Board Recently in fkrtherance of this plan JWA and its tenants upgraded the Airport's fueling and storm water pollution prevention facilities The
commercial fuel farm and hydrant fuel systems were upgraded to eliminate all direct discharges into the storm drain system The storm drain system now includes two 2 IWP
ckifiers and six 6 oil water separators Five 5 of these are Petro Pack equipped and have associated a rm systems and four 4 are equipped with automatic storm water
samplers and flow meters This system provides coverage of all drainage areas where industrial activities are performed All washracks drain through oil water separators into the
industrial sewer The non industrial areas of the airport i e terminal buildings parking lots come under the jurisdiction of Orange County's Municipal Petit

Since there is no significant water flow onto JWA and since runoff at JWA is contained in the storm drain system siltation of the storm drain system is not a sign ant concern The
peaking basin at the north end of JWA is used to control the flow of discharge water rather than to reduce the suspended solids load of the discharge

Groundwater Quality
Groundwater ranges approximately 40 feet bls at JWA with flow directions generally to the south however contaminant plumes in the shallow aquifer at JWA tend to migrate to the
north northwest The groundwater network in the Proposed Project area is shown on Figure 4.8 5

In December 1988 the JWA administration conducted an investigation of airport property for the purpose of establishing a comprehensive assessment of known or potential
discharges of hazardous materials to surface and or groundwater at the airport The results of this assessment are discussed in Section 4.16 Hazardous Wastes and Hazardous
Materials Of those sites and spills identified most of the remedial action has been completed as discussed in Section 4.16 No impacts to surface waters were identified with
the exception of potential spills from fueling operations These operations are covered by the operating permits issued by the County of Orange and held by JWA and its air carriers
There is an existing groundwater contaminant plume a free product layer resulting from historic fuel spillage on the JWA site which has been localized and does not appear to be
spreading Remediation of this contaminant plume is being supervised by the RWQCB
The remediation consists of daily pumping of free product petroleum hydrocarbons from

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the wells The available data indicate that the free product is floating on the groundwater but not dissolving into it
4.8.4 Methodology Related to Hydrology and Water Quality
4.8.4.1 Methodology for Hydrology Analysis
Two modeling studies were conducted for MCAS El Toro to define the existing conditions and potential impacts of the Proposed Project and prescribe mitigation measures as
appropriate A rainfall runoff model based on the Unit Hydrograph Method was used to define drainage conditions across the site In addition floodplain analysis was conducted
using the flood routing method for the expected 100 year discharge as required by the Orange County Hydrology Manual OCHM 1986

For the runoff model Advanced Engineering Software AES specifically developed computer programs to accompany the 0CHM which calculate various elements of runoff for
storm events AES Flood Routing Analysis Program Version 5.1 was used to calculate MCAS El Toro 100 year runoff For the floodplain analysis the Army Corps of Engineers
AWE Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System HEC RAS Program Version 2.2 was used to determine flooding boundaries for the MCAS El Tore site

For the JWA site the AES Rational Method IIydrology Model Version 6.1 was used to c lculate runoff The floodplain analysis for JWA was performed based on the flooding
boundaries as defined by the Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Map FIRM No 06059C0046 E FEMA 1989 and recent upgrades to onsite
drainage facilities at site
To identify hydrology impacts inflow and outflow runoff was modeled for 1998 conditions for both MCAS El Toro and JWA sites r These existing condition flows were discussed
previously and are presented in tabular form in Tables 4.8 l and 4.8 2 Site inflow and outflows for the ith Proposed Project Scenario were then calculated and compared to the
existing condition drainage capacity Proposed Project flows were calculated for two scenarios without the Proposed Project's I3ackbone Drainage System and then with the
Backbone Drainage System see Figure 4.8 9 This latter analysis resulted in the identification of the Proposed Project's impacts and their significance The separate
floodplain analyses identified flooding zones from the 100 year Storm runoff These flooding zones were then compared with the reaches identified as under capacity from the
Proposed Backbone Drainage system modeling to confirm the impacted drainage system reaches and flooded zones i e that is to confirm the specific project related impacts
Mitigation measures were then formulated to reduce the Proposed Project's significant impacts as appropriate

Additional discussion of these methods for both the MCAS El Toro and JWA sites is provided in Appendix G Section 2.1

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4.8.4.2 Methodology for Water Quality Analysis
The effects of the Proposed Project on surface and groundwater quality at MCAS El Toro were assessed by comparing the existing site uses and operations with those of the Proposed

Project This was done by first establishing the existing conditions baseline utilking the water quality parameters currently required in the existing MCAS El Toro NPDES Permit
The estimated Proposed Project runoff water quality was then compared to these conditions with impacts assessed based on the resulting increase or decrease in water quality
Similarly water quality impacts at JWA were addressed by comparing project impacts against existing discharge requirements

4.8.5 Thresholds of Significance
According to CEQA Guidelines Appendix G the Proposed Project may be deemed to have a significant effect with respect to hydrology or water quality resources if it would

0 Substantially alter the existing drainage network in a manner that results in
1 Substantial erosion or siltation on or off site or 2 A substantial increase in the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner which

would result in flooding on or off site
ii Create or contibute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of
polluted runoff
iii
iv
Violate applicable water quality standards or waste discharge requirements
Substantially deplete groundwater resources or interfere with groundwar recharge such that there would be a net deficit in aquifer volume or a lowering of a local
groundwater table level

4.8.6 Project Impacts
Impacts and their significance with specific mitigation measures related to hydrology and water quality conditions were analyzed based on build out of the Proposed Project as
measured against existing conditions As part of the Proposed Project significant improvements will be made to the MCAS El Toro backbone drainage system as discussed
in Chapter 3.0 Description of the Proposed Project and the Airport System Master Plan An analysis of the Proposed Project's impacts specific to each phase of project development
as appropriate is also provided

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4.8.6.1 MCAS El Toro
Phases 1 4
Prior to opening day of the Proposed Project in 2005 various interim land uses are proposed on the MCAS El Toro site the Base Transition Plan many of which are not envisioned to
remain active beyond late 2003karly 2004 when they would be eliminated The degree of hydrology and water quality impacts is most affected by the amount of impervious surfaces
within a given area the greater the impervious surface area the greater the runoff and corresponding impacts In 2020 impervious surface area under the Proposed Project will be
maximized for the types of land use that are proposed Because Pre 2005 interim land uses include less total area of impervious surface cover than under the Proposed Project at build
out hydrology and water quality impacts will be less under Pre 2005 conditions than under project build out conditions

Phased development of the Project in the year 2005 opening day 2010 and 2015 will also have a smaller impervious surface area than the 2020 build out conditions of the Proposed
Project Therefore there will be no greater impacts on hydrology under any of the development phases than under the Proposed Project

During the Base Transition PIan and phased construction of the project there is the potential for short term erosion on unpaved and or disturbed surfaces which could result in
temporary adverse impacts to water quality on the site and in the downstream receiving waters due to increased levels of suspended solids These impacts are associated with issues
of erosion control and surface runoff from facilities operating during the Base Transition Plan as well as during the construction phase and are addressed in a comprehensive
mitigation measure WQ 7 covering these topics see Section 4.7.7

The summaries of 100 year flows and capacities calculated for the six major drainages that flow into and from the MCAS El Toro site are shown in two tables below Table 4.8 3 is a
summary of the Proposed Project flows with the existing drainage system Table 4.8 4 is a summary of the Proposed Project flows with the drainage facilities that will be built as part
of the Proposed Project The results of the flood plain study show no flooding impacts under the Proposed Project Figure 4.8 S Flooded areas under the Proposed Project as
mitigated are the same as those under existing conditions Figure 4.8 2 for Borrego Channel and Serrano Creek The channel capacities under 100 year flow conditions are
discussed below

County of Orange EIR No 573 Hydrology and Water Quality 73
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Table 4.8 3 Summary of 100 Year Flows and Related Capacity Under the Proposed Project
With Existing Drainage Facilities
we0 t f l I DW ma 1 cqacity f
Marshburn Channel t 654 t 300 t 1889 t 2000 1
w f capsrcEty I

c 1 1 Bee Channel Canyon 0 PI 680 1224 1240 4gua Chinon Channel 237 917 1764 1781 3orreno
Channel 3629 4990 4011 r31 5340 1 c 1 L ~ ~ I Serrano Creek
I 123 PI 3791 4j 3600 Upper San Diego Creek 123 PI 2012 4 1800

NOTE l Under the Proposed Project Bee Canyon inflows will be diverted to Marshburn Retarding Basin
2 Flow entering the MCAS El Toro site was not calculated because the on site area crossed by these drainages are substantially smaller than the total watershed
3 Backwater effect from downstream railroad crossing 143 Potential backwater effect from downstream channel

Table 4.8 4 Summary of 100 Year Flows and Related Capacity Under the
Proposed Project With Project Drainage Facilities

NOTE 1 J Under the Proposed Project Bee Canyon inflows will be diverted to Marshbum Retarding Basin
2J Flow entering the MCAS El Tore site was not calculated because the on site area crossed by these drainages are substantially smaller than the total watershed
3 Backwater effect from downstream railroad crossing 4 Potential backwater effect from downstream channel geometry

Table 4.8 5 below presents in summary form the outflows from the MCAS El Toro site for each of the relevant drainage systems under existing conditions and Proposed Project
conditions Figure 4.8 9 Significant to the assessment of project impacts the table also presents the percentage of drainage capacity that will be utilized under each scenario A
complete description of the hydrology modeling conducted for this analysis is presented in Appendix G A discussion of project impacts as related to each drainage system is
presented inthe following sections

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Table 4.8 5 Proposed Project Flow Capacity Compared to Existing Flow Capacity
I
Bee Canyon 1 ULC 150 12240 99 1,224 1,570 78

I I c 2 u 74 4,011 5,340 75 4 Ol I 5,340 75
Kl 105 3,791 3,600 105 3,791 3,600 105 I
upper San 30 111 2,012 1,800 112 2,012 2,900 69

Marshburn Channel and Retarding Basin
Under existing conditions flow into the Mmhbum Channel is 69 cfs and outflow is 1693 cfs This represents 84 of the channels outflow capacity see Tables 4.8 l and 4.8 5
Under the Proposed Project and utilizing the existing drainage infrastructure flows exiting the MCAS El Tore site would increase to 1889 cfs This represents 94 of the channels
outflow capacity see Tables 4.8 3 and 4.8 5 As discussed below improvements to the channel that will be made as part of the Proposed Project will have the effect of kther
increasing channel capacity
Currently the Marshburn Retarding Basin has interim inlets and outlets to limit flows to downstream Marshbum Channel until the balance of the system can be constructed to
convey the ultimate condition retarding basin outflows Ultimate condition inlets and outlets will increase the regional holding capacity of the Marshbum Retarding Basin by about 70
The ultimate basin condition would increase the basin outflow from 69 cfs to 654 cfs and require the downstream Marshburn Channel capacity to be increased To accomplish this a
larger reinforced concrete channel replacing the existing gunite lined trapezoidal channel hm the basin outlet to Irvine Boulevard and from Irvine Boulevard south to Jeffrey Road
will be constructed as part of the Proposed Project
Taking into consideration the improvements that will be made to the Marshbum System as part of the Proposed Project project flows will be 1889 cfs This represents 77 of the
channel's capacity see Tables 4.8 4 and 4.8 S Because these flows are within the capacity of Marshburn Channel no significant hydrology impacts will occur as part of the Proposed
Project

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Bee Car Channel
Under existing conditions flow into the Bee Canyon Channel is 680 cfs and outflow is 1865 cfs T'his represents 150 of the channels outflow capacity see Tables 4.8 l and 4.8 5
Under the Propwed Project and utilizing the existing drainage infrastructure flows exiting the MCAS El Tore site would decrease to 1224 cfs This reduction is due to the fact that
existing Bee Canyon inflows to the site will be diverted to Marshbum Retarding Basin under the Proposed Project Existing flows under this scenario represent 99 of the channels
outflow capacity see Tables 4.8 3 and 4.8 5 As discussed below improvements to the channel that will be made as part of the Proposed Project have the effect of further
increasing the channel's capacity
Under the Proposed Project two parallel off site channels related to Bee Canyon Channel will be plugged to divert the 100 year inflows to the base These flows will be re routed in
upgraded channels along the north side of Irvine Boulevard to the southeast inlet of Marshbum Retarding Basin Due to the diversion of the 100 year flows from Bee Canyon
the major contributing drainage area will be the middle one third of the site Downstream of Iwine Boulevard and on the MCAS El Toro site the existing Bee Canyon Channel is a
combination of open and covered channels through the MCAS El Toro site The existing channel will be replaced with new RCP that will convey the 100 year discharge and
intercept surface flow directed West toward the Marshbum channel This system will connect with the existing off site system just south of the railroad tracks south of Perimeter
Road
Utilizing the improvements that will be made to the Bee Canyon system as part of the Proposed Project the flows exiting the Bee Canyon Channel under the Proposed Project will
be 1224 cfs This represents 77 of the channel's outflow capacity see Tables 4.8 4 and 4.8 5 Because these flows are within the capacity of Be Canyon Channel no significant
hydrology impacts will occur as part of the Proposed Project
Agua Chinon Channel
Under existing conditions flow into the Agua Chinon Channel is 237 cfs and outflow is 1759 cfs This represents 99 of the channels outflow capacity see Tables 4.8 l and 4.8 5
Under the Proposed Project and utilizing the existing drainage infrastructure flows exiting the MCAS El Toro site would increase slightly to 1764 cfs This also represents 99 of the
channel's outflow capacity see Tables 4.8 3 and 4.8 5 As discussed below improvements to the channel that will be made as part of the Proposed Project will have the effect of
fkther increasing the channel's capacity
Under the Proposed Project the Agua Chinon Channel south of Irvine Boulevard will be improved to a width of lo 12 feet and in height from 6 l 0 feet throughout its length across
the easterly edge of the airfield
Utilizing these improvements to assess the project related flows the flows exiting the Agua Chinon Channel under the Proposed Project will be 1764 cfs This represents 71 of the

Hydrology and Water Qua y County of Orange EIR No 573 76
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channel's capacity see Tables 4.8 4 and 4.8 5 Because these flows are within the capacity of Agua Chinon Channel no significant hydrology impacts will occur as part of the
Proposed Project

Borrego Creek Channel
Under existing conditions flow into the Borrego Channel is 3629 cfs and flows exiting the site are 3971 cfs This represents approximately 75 of the channel's outflow capacity see

Tables 4.8 l and 4.8 5 Under the Proposed Project exiting flows increase to 4011 cfs representing no percentage change in capacity use see Table 4.8 5 Therefore the
Proposed Project causes no significant impacts to occur for the Borrego Channel As originally designed the Proposed Project contemplated a partial realignment of and
improvements to Borrego Channel near the south end of the Runway 34 complex The improvements would have the effect of eliminating existing non project related flooding
conditions at the southern edge of the base boundary However as discussed in Section 4.9 and Mitigation Measure B l 1 Borrego Channel will not be realigned in order to mitigate
other possible effects of the proposed realignment Therefore the existing flooding conditions will continue under the Proposed Project

Serrano Creek
Although most of the Serrano Creek basin lies outside of the MCAS El Toro property substantial existing flows are generated that pass through the site Under existing
conditions the 100 year discharge through MCAS El Toro is 3,791 cfs which is the same as the Proposed Project see Table 4.8 5 No channel construction is planned as part of the
Proposed Project
As discussed above the floodplain analysis see Figure 4.8 S shows flooding to this section of the Channel under existing conditions Therefore the Proposed Project does not result in
hydrologic impacts to Serrano Creek Flooding will be allowed and will be accommodated by the golf course design

Upper San Diego Creek
Most of the Upper San Diego Creek basin lies outside of the MCAS El Toro property with substantial flows that pass through the site The existing 100 year storm discharge through
the site is 2001 cfs which represents 111 of existing channel capacity see Tables 4.8 l and 4.8 5 Under the Proposed Project flows will increase slightly to 2012 cfs see Table
4.8 3 Improvements constructed under the Proposed Project will increase the creek capacity such that the resulting flows will utilize only 69 of channel capacity see Table
4.8 5 Therefore the Proposed Project will not result in significant a hydrologic impact to the Upper San Diego Creek

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Water Quality
In assessing project reiated water quality impacts at MCAS El Toro general runoff water quality and sediment loading potentials for the Proposed Project were compared to existing
baseline water quality discharge standards For this analysis the waste discharge specifications of the current NPDES permit No CAS618006 part of the California Regional
Water Quality Control Board Santa Ana Region Order No 98 42 are utilized to estimate existing conditions This order was issued to control the discharge of storm water runoff
from the MCAS El Toro site and is based on the operation and maintenance of approximately 121 jet aircraft and helicopters The order is further based on the premise
that the aircraft vehicle and facility maintenance operations require the on site storage and use of fuels jet gasoline diesel solvents oils and other hazardous materials Although a
new NPDES permit for the El Toro site will ultimately be issued for the Proposed Project the existing DON permit establishes the presently applicable water quality standards and
waste discharge requirements against which project impacts can be measured
The existing NPDES permit uses the same outfall locations for storm and low agricultural and landscape irrigation return flows as those for the Proposed Project and as described
earlier in this section see Figure 4.8 4 Key constituent parameters include total suspended solids oil and grease methylene blue active substances and pH levels As shown in Table
4.8 6 the discharge specifications set forth in the order establish the maximum concentrations for these constituents

Table 4.8 6 NPDES Permit Runoff Concentrations for MCAS El Toro Site

Oil and ease 15m Methylene Blue Active Substances 0.5 mg l
DH 6.5 8.5 pH tits

Utilizing these concentration levels as the existing setting base case is considered
conservative because there have been reported unauthorized discharges from Agua Chinon and Bee Canyon channels to San Diego Creek in the past see Section 4.8.3.1 Surface Water

Pollutant and Sediment Sources These unauthorized discharges mean that actual existing water quality conditions exceed the maximum daily concentration limits established by the
NPDES permit
In assessing sedimentation and pollutant runoff impacts the existing runoff quantities also can be compared with those of the Proposed Project to assess potential water quality
impacts Increased outflows resulting from an increase in impervious surfaces typically indicate increased sediment and pollutant loads

As shown in Table 4.8 7 with the exception of Marshburn Channel none of the system outflows increase by more than one percent under the Proposed Project The 12 percent
Hydrology and Water Quality County of Orange EIR No 573
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increase in Marshburn Channel outflow is due to the diversion of Bee Canyon Channel
inflow above the site and to the 40 percent increase in impermeable drainage area on site However any water quality impacts that may result from this Marshburn outflow increase

are offset by a 35 percent decrease in outflow to the Bee Canyon Channel Therefore the overall runoff transport system will not significantly increase the transport of pollutants
loading off site
Table 4.8 7
Percent Change from Existing Conditions of Outflow and Impervious Drainage Area For Proposed Project

Upper San Dieeo Creek I Dieeo Creek I I I I I
Due to their location on the MCAS El Toro site Bee Canyon and Agua Chinon Channel flows represent the largest potential contribution to the on site pollution impacts from the
airfield and its associated operations The Proposed Project will not result in a significant
increase in flows for the rest of the backbone drainage system Borrego Channel Serrano Creek and Upper San Diego Creek This means less than significant increases in surface

water quality impacts to these channels under the Proposed Project
To further assess project water quality impacts a qualitative estimate was made of the potential increase of non point source water quality runoff from the Proposed Project
airfield operations to Bee Canyon and Agua Chinon Channels based on the following assumptions

i As a commercial airport the Proposed Project's runoff will have sediment and pollutant load concentrations similar to relative operations at JWA Accordingly JWA
1998 maximum point concentrations for Total Suspended Solids TSS Oil and Grease and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons TPH were utilized as a starting point in
estimating Proposed Project polIutant runoff These base JWA concentrations are from actual 1998 wet year samples reported to the RWQCB

County of Orange EIR No 573 Hydrology and Water Quality 79
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1 ii
1 111

1 iv

To estimate the increase in non point source water quality runoff for El Tore airport operations under the Proposed Project a weighting factor based on the projected
increase in yearly operations takeoffs and landings for El Tore as compared to JWA operations was applied

To estimate the increase in intensity of commercial airfield passenger and cargo operations for the Proposed Project the analysis calculated the runoff from the MCAS
El Toro runway open apron and maintenance areas utilizing 1998 JWA operations as the reference point These aviation operation areas are most affected by the fuel oil
and tire particles and spills and as such are the largest sources of non point source runoff for these pollutants

Non project off site related constituents that flow onto the site from upstream sources were not considered in this analysis
Based on these assumptions projected pollutant runoff concentrations under the Proposed Project for the MCAS El Toro airfield to both Bee Canyon and Agua Chanon Channel
outfalls were estimated based on 1998 JWA point concentrations and adjusted to reflect increased Proposed Project operations Table 4.8 8 below lists the estimated Proposed
Project concentrations for total suspended solids oil and grease and TPH as compared to the existing NPDES permit discharge standards for each constituent using this qualitative
analysis

Table 4.8 8 Bee CanyoulAgua Chiuon Estimated Outfall Point Concentrations
for Proposed Project

Oil Grease TPH I 15 19 I 2 .0 18
As Table 4.8 8 indicates prior to implementation of BMPs pursuant to a newly issued NPDES permit and Proposed Project improvements designed to control runoff discharges
the Proposed Project would result in significant impacts to TSS Oil Grease and TPH levels for these two outfalls Similar increases of other pollutant concentrations including
metals Total Inorganic Nitrogen TIN and Phosphorus are also expected These increases may also be significant depending on the outfall location and applicable permit knits
However the 40 increase in impermeable surface areas and associated decrease of exposed soils under the Proposed Project will result in nutrient concentrations nitrogen and
phosphorus lower than existing conditions and therefore result in less than significant impacts The anticipated Iimited alterations to the drainage channels crossing MCAS El
Toro under the Proposed Project would not cause an impact related to siltation since the sediment loads are largely intercepted before entering MCAS EI Toro

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Significantly this impact analysis does not take into consideration in place water quality runoff controls practices and monitoring programs required by the existing DON NPDES
permit that will continue to govern water quality standards during interim conditions as well as environmental control facilities that will be constructed as part of the Proposed Project

The NPDES Permit for current MCAS El Toro activities sets forth requirements that will run through 2003 and are specified to continue through property transfer During Phase I of
the Proposed Project at least two NPDES permits till be obtained One permit will designate conditions for inf tructure implementation in industrial use areas including the
tie1 farm fuel transfer and maintenance areas This permit will include measures to comply with the nutrient TMDLs set forth in the Regional Water Quality Control Board RWQCB
Resolution No 98 100 A Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan SWPPP to address sediment control measures will be included as part of this NPDES permit A second
NPDES permit will designate site specific construction conditions This construction NPDES permit would also include SWPPP to address numeric effluent limits based on the
sediment and nutrient TMDL goals outlined by the RWQCB
Concentrations of total suspended solids TSS in discharge waters are regulated by the terms of the NPDES permit specifically the sediment control measures that are part of the
required Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan Proposed Project improvements to the drainage channels at MCAS El Tore such as the Borrego Canyon Channel as well as the
existing retarding basins are expected to have the effect of decreasing stream sediment loads For example the sediment load of Marshbum Channel has been reduced substantially
due to the presence of Marshbum Retarding Basin upstream from MCAS El Tore Improvements to the drainage channels constructed as part of the Proposed Project will
reduce TSS impacts to a level below significance In addition airports require as part of their normal maintenance high frequency sweeping of all airfield pavement to prevent
posible jet engine damage due to foreign objects This provides the benefit of removal of most of the potential source for TSS

As part of the Proposed Project oil water separators designed to remove petroleum products from the storm water discharge will be installed at five strategic locations along the storm
drain system The oil water separators will treat the storm water runoff from each of the aircraft parking aprons and reduce project water quality impacts resulting fkom oil and
grease and total petroleum hydrocarbons TPH to a level below significance
In addition the County of Orange will institute a monitoring program to better define the runoff and baseline conditions as the project is completed in the phased manner described in
the master pIan Proposed stormwater monitoring programs will be coordinated with the regional monitoring program RMP which will also assess the potential runoff pollutants
during the five year interim operations A baseline condition will then be established and used by the concerned agencies as a condition in the required operating permits Using this
baseline water quality data new runoff controls and operational procedures will be designed developed and implemented to limit pollutant and sediment runoff to all
backbone drainage outfalls discussed in this section BMPs will be put into place to avoid water quality impacts from operations including the stables fuel farm fuel transfer runway

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and apron areas Specific BMPs to lower water quality impacts to below a level of significance include
Upgrades to industrial wastewater pretreatment facilities of the existing clarifiers at Bee Canyon Agua Chinon and Marshburn outfalls with additional in line controls
such as p o packs oil and water separators cathodic protection and leak detection systems Proposed Project facilities will be equipped with self monitoring equipment
to warn of any flows in exceedance of permit requirements
Installation of a media filtration system above the outfall of Borrego Creek to assist in controlling sediment nitrogen and phosphorus water quality runoff This Proposed
Project system will include a pretreatment settling basin and a filter bed containing sand or other filter media The engineering of this system will be dependent on the
design flows as weII as the specific TMDL and or NPDES permit requirements
Installation of filtering devices into storm drain inlets and smaller drainage facilities to filter or absorb sediment oil and greases and other pollutants associated with
industrial runoff
Implementation of the required Spill Prevention Countermeasure and Control Plan SPCCP which requires procedures for the handling and cleanup of the fiel and
other hazardous and solid wastes from the runway and apron areas
With project implementation of the Best Management Practices combined with the existing sediment and flood control facilities and environmental control facilities that will be
constructed as part of the Proposed Project contamination to surface and ground waters flowing off site as a result of the Proposed Project will be reduced to a concentration below
maximum daily concentration limits resulting in water qu y impacts below a level of significance As noted at the outset since on site waters are immediately routed off the El
Toro site by the drainage system the potential for surface water percolation to groundwater is also substantially reduced

In summary any potential impacts to surface or groundwater quality that may result with implementation of the Proposed Project will be reduced to a level below significance based
in part on improvements that will be made as part of the project and also in part on compliance with regulatory controls designed to maintain and improve the water quality of
the MCAS El Toro receiving waters

4.8.6.2 John Wayne Airport
Phases I 4
Under the Base Transition Plan and Proposed Project phases there will be no major improvements at JWA with the exception of minor construction activities during Phase 2
TfierefCould not acquire words on page 84 ore the Proposed Project will not increase inflows or outflows to the JWA site and for that reason will result in no significant impacts related to hydrology at JWA

Hydrology and Water Quality County of Orange ElR No 573 82
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Additionally the Proposed Project will not result in significant impacts related to surface water or groundwater quality at JWA because there will be no fnajor improvements made
with the exception of minor constrution activities during Phase 2 Water quality will not change from existing conditions during any phase of the Proposed Project activities

Hydrology
The Proposed Project will not increase the runoff from the JWA site and therefore will have no significant impacts on hydrology

Water Quality
The Proposed Project will not result in increased discharges to surface water or groundwater at JWA above those from existing operations Therefore implementation of the Proposed

Project will not result in significant impacts to surface or groundwater quality at JWA
Additionally because no significant drainages or stream channels cross the JWA site and no significant new construction is proposed the Proposed Project will not have a significant
impact at JWA related to siltation

Base Tfansr'tion Plan
Implementation of the Base Transition Plan BTP contemplates limited continuation of existing uses at El Toro or uses that are consistent with historical uses or activities of the
base The BTP will not Sect or be affected by existing or planned hydrology and water quality facilities and is not expected to cause any significant impacts to these facilities
because implementation of the BTP will utilize existing facilities on site and will not require construction of new facilities or other improvements that would physically affect hydrology
and watef quality facilities

4.8.7 Mitigation Measures
4.8.7.1 Mitigation Measures Identified in Final EIR No 563
Hydrology
Final EIR No 563 determined that no significant hydrologic impacts would result from the CRP and therefore no hydrologic mitigation measures were identified

Water Quality
Final EIR No 563 determined that the long term water quality impacts associated with the CRP were potentially significant and adverse and on that basis identified the following
mitigation measures to reduce potential impacts to a level below significant

County of Orange EIR No 573 Hydrology and Water Quality 83
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84 Page 85 86
HY I During the airport system master planning process and by a date not later than the issuance of grading permits the County of Orange will reconstruct and expand or
cause the appropriate entity to reconstruct and expand the Marshbum Channel to a level capable of accommodating project related flows in the event such
improvements have not already been completed prior to that time and
Relafionship to DEIR No 573 Interim improvements completed in 1997 to the Marshbum Channel the expansiun of the Marshburn Channel between interstate 5 and Trabuco Road
constitute the effective implementatiun of Mitigation Measure HY I
HY 2 During the airport master planning process and by a date no later than the issuance of grading permits the County of Orange will construct or cause the appropriate
entity to construct the Marshburn Retarding Basin to a level capable of accommodating project related flows in the event such improvements have not

already been completed prior to that time
Relationship to DElR No 513 Interim irnpruvements completed in 1998 to the Marshburn Retarding Basin constitz es the effective implementation of Mitigatiun Measure HY2

The following mitigation measures to the Bee Canyon Channel were identified as a means to substantially reduce flooding at the southern base boundary and to substantially reduce
regional flooding upstream of the base both impacts not caused by any of the reuse alternatives It also was noted that the completion of the Bee Canyon Channel would
enhance water quality significantly by reducing sediment loads within the channel
HY 3 During the airport master phning process and by a date no later than the issuance of grading permits the County of Orange will reconstruct the Bee Canyon Channel
in a manner which diverts excess flows into the Marshburn Retarding Basin at a level capable of accommodating project flows in the event such improvements have
not already been completed prior to that time
RelatiunAip to DEIR No 573 Interim diversion of excess flows fLom he Bee Canyon Channel into the Mmshburn Retarding Basin completed in 1998 cunstihrtes the effective
implementation of Mitigation Measure Hy 3
W 4 During the airport master planning process and by a date not later than the issuance of grading permits the County of Orange will modify or cause the appropriate
entity to modify the Bee Canyon Channel at Lambert Road to a level that will accommodate project related flows in the event such improvements have not
already been completed at that time
Relationship to DEIR Nu 573 Interim channel modzfications at Lambert Road in I998 constitute the eflective implementation of Mitigation Measure m 4

County of Orange EIR No 573 Hydrology and Water Quality 85
85 Page 86 87
HY 5 During the airport master planning process and by a date not later than the issuance of grading permits the County of Orange will reconstruct or cause to reconstruct
the Bee Canyon Channel stilling basin and related tailworks near the southern base boundary to a level capable of accommodating project related flows

Rehtionship to DEIR No 573 As noted in the Final Supplemental Analysis and related fzndings adopted by the County Mitigation Measure IW 5 as well as Mitigation Measure
W 7 is directed at impacts not caused by the CRI While CEQA does not require that such impacts be mitigated the Counv will as is its custom work
cooperatively with any governmental or private entities undertating or responsible for any improvements

recommended by Mitigation Measure W 5 and HY 7 during project implementation In any event as discussed in Section 4.8.6 I Bee Canyon flows exiting the base under the
Proposed Project utilize o y 75 of the channel s capacity and mitigation is not required
The following mitigation measure related to the Agua Chinon Channel was identified as a means to substantially reduce regional flooding upstream of the base an impact not caused
by any of the reuse alternatives and as a means to reduce excess outflow caused in part by any of the reuse alternatives It was also noted that the completion of the Agua Chinon
Retarding Basin would significantly enhance water quality by reducing sediment loads within the channel

HY 6 During the airport master planning process and by a date no later than the issuance of grading permits the County of Orange till construct or cause the appropriate
entity to construct the Agua Chinon Retarding Basin north of MCAS El Toro to a level capable of accommodating project related flows in the event such
improvements have not already been completed by that time
Relationship to DEi'R No 573 Completion of construction of the Agua Ckinon Retarding Basin in 1997 constitutes the effective implementation
of Mitigation Measure W 6

The following mitigation measure related to the Borrego Canyon Channel was identified as a means to permit existing regional discharges while limiting potential damage to the
railroad to non significant levels
HY 7 During the airport master planning process and by a date not later than the issuance of grading permits the County of Orange will i construct or cause the appropriate
entity to construct a concrete lined section or stilling basin in the Borrego Canyon Channel to a level capable of accommodating project related flows and ii
construct or cause the appropriate entity to construct improved railroad bridge supports and abutments at the juncture of the Borrego Canyon Channel and the
OCTA bridge to a level capable of accommodating project related flows
Relationship to DEIR No 573 As noted in the Final Supplemental Analysis and related fmdings adopted by the County Mitigation Measure W 7 as well as Mitigution Measure
m 5 is directed at impacts not caused by the CIU Vhile CEQA does mt require that such impacts be mitigated the County will us is its custom work cooperatively with any

HydroIogy and Water Quality County of Change EIR No 573 86
86 Page 87 88
governmentul or prjvute entities undertaking or responsible for any improvements recommended by Mitigation Measure HY 7 and HY 5 during project implementutbn In
any event us discussed in Section 4.8.6.1 Borrego Chunnelflows exiting the base under the Proposed Project are uppruximutely I over existing conditions utilizing only 75 of the
chunnel s cupcity and mitigution is not required
Implementation of Mitigation Measures W 5 and HY 7 was not recommended since these measures would improve conditions unrelated to the CRP

Water Quality
The Supplemental Analysis determined that under the CRP water quality would not be significantly impacted as on base sediment discharges would either decrease over existing
levels Marshburn Bee Canyon Channels or not be impacted Agua Chinon Borrego Canyon Channels For this reason the Supplemental Analysis did not propose mitigation
measures related to water quality

4.8.7.3 Standard Conditions of Approval
The Proposed Project includes a number of County of Orange Conditions of Approval COAs These COAs listed in Appendix L serve to implement various County regulations

and policies and provide protection to the environment These COAs are part of the Proposed Project and as a result are themselves project features which can avoid or
substantially reduce potential adverse impacts of the Proposed Project on the environment The County will ensure that each COA incorporated into the Proposed Project is properly
implemented as an integral part of the land use review compliance process COAs related to hydrology and water quality which are incorporated into the Proposed Project are

Dl D2
D3 D4
D5 D6
D7 D8
D9
WQ1 WQ2

WQ3 WQ4

rainage Study Drainage Improvements
Off Site Drainage Master Plan of Drainage
Elevation Certificates and Finished Floor Elevations for Floodplains Subordination of Easements
Regional Facility Improvements FIRM Map Revisions for Floodplains
Floodplain Easements Pollutant l zunofI
Pollutant I2unoff Chemical Management
NPDES General Stormwater Permit

County of Orange ETR No 573 Hydrology and Water Quality 87
87 Page 88 89
4.8.7.4 Additional Mitigation Measures
Hydrdug y
While the Proposed Project is not expected to result in significant hydrological impacts the following mitigation measure is recommended as a precautionary measure to assure
adequate drainage at the MCAS El Tore site
HY 8 During the ASMP planning process and prior to issuance of grading permits the County of Orange will perform a FEMA floodplain analysis for the MCAS El Tore
site incorporating the Proposed Project drainage facilities both on and off site to assure that the drainage designs are adequate for conveyance of the FEMA 100 year
discharge This study will be the basis for the submittal of the FEMA FRM process and be approved by the County of Orange Program Development Division Public
Facilities and Resources Department
No mitigation measures are proposed at JWA

Water Quality
In addition to mitigation measures WQ 1 through WQ 3 identified in Final EIR No 563 and Standard Conditions of Approval WQI through WQ4 the following water qu y

mitigation measures are recommended to ensure compliance with all applicable permitting and regulatory requirements to reduce potential water quality impacts under the Proposed
Project to a level below significance

WQ 4 Prior to issuance of grading permits and prior to any grading on the site the project developers antior the County of Orange will obtain appropriate 401
Water Quality Certification 402 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System 404 dredge and fill and 16010603 streambed alteration permits

The existing MCAS El Tore NPDES permit No 98 42 for storm water runoff will remain in effect until it expires in 2003 at which time the County of Orange
will obtain a new industrial NPDES permit reflecting the conditions associated with the changed land uses specific to the individual phases of project
development
WQ 5 During the interim phase of the project and or prior to any construction the County of Orange will file a Notice of Intent with the State Water Resources
Control Board SWRCB to obtain a General Construction NPDES Permit No CAS000002 Order No 98 08 DWR This permit is required for discharges of
storm water associated with construction activity and requires the County to implement Best Available Technology Economically Achievable BAT and
Best Conventional Pollutant Control Technology BCT to reduce or eliminate storm water pollution These controls will also be consistent with any local
NPDES Storm Water Program including municipal permits

Hydrology and Water Quality County of Orange EIR No 573 88
88 Page 89 90
WQ 6 Prior to construction the County will develop and implement Best Management Practices BMPs pursuant to the applicable NPDES permit s to protect water
quality and nlinimh potential water quality impacts including impacts resulting fkom total suspended solids TSS oil and grease and total petroleum
hydrocarbons TFH BMPs prescribed by the permit will be implemented to avoid water qua impacts during the appropriate phase of the project and will
include
i Small covered detention basins to control storm water runoff and return flows from irrigated areas with either impervious basins having inlet and
outlet structures to regulate flow or biofilters designed to pass flows slowly over a vegetated surfaced in the form of a swail or strip to filter pollutants
and infiltrate runoff
ii Measures to control surface flows including normal curb and gutters with storm water inlet devices to control and or filter or absorb sediment
pollutants oil and grease and porous pavement or concrete grid pavement channel or runoff control systems to slow surface velocities and provide for
some perculation and thus filtration of sediment and non hazardous substances

iii Catchment basins and or clarifiers at fueling and other industrial areas to control any discharges to the backbone systems of potential surface
polhltants from storm runoff or spills
The following are proposed as precautionary mitigation measures to offset any potential hydrology and water quality impacts that may result in connection with the DUN hazardous
waste cleanup program at MCAS El Toro
WQ 7 The County of Orange will coordinate the planning and construction on the MCAS El Toro site in such a way as not to interfere with the ongoing Marine
Corps site cleanup projects under the Installation Restoration Program IRP and Base Realignment and Closure BRK programs or long term monitoring
facilities such as groundwater monitoring wells
WQ 8 Grading and construction plans at MCAS El Tore will take into account the locations and contents of the landfills at MCAS El Toro The County of Orange
will petiorm construction and grading to prevent disturbance of the implaced wastes or capping materials Further maintenance or rerouting of the existing
drainage systems will be done in such a way as to prevent stream erosion along channels traversing or adjacent to the landfill areas

Additional mitigation measures related to water quality are presented in Section 4.16 Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Wastes and Section 4.7 Soils Geology and Seismicity

County of Orange EIR No 573 Hydrology and Water Quality 89
89 Page 90 91
Since there is limited construction and increased operations at JWA planned under the
Proposed Project resulting in no significant impacts no new mitigation measures are required for JWA beyond the existing NPDES Permit Conditions of Approval and other

relevant plans

4.8.8 Level of Significance After Mitigation
The environmental control facilities and drainage system improvements incorporated into the design of the Proposed Project along with operational compliance with all applicable
permits will reduce potential hydrology and water quality impacts to below a level of significance at both the MCAS El Toro and JWA sites

No Project No Activity Comparison
The potential hydrologic and water quality impacts under the No Project No Activity Alternative would be similar to those conditions presently existing at the site These
conditions include local flooding of the Bee Canyon Channel at Irvine Boulevard flooding of the Agua Chinon Channel on the southern portion of the base flooding of upstream and
downstream portions of Borrego Channel and flooding along Serrano Creek and the Upper San Diego Creek

Under the Proposed Project improvements will be made to each of these systems which will eliminate the incidence of flooding that presently exists The No Project No Activity
Alternative therefore will result in significant hydrologic impacts that would be remedied with implementation of the Proposed Project

With respect to water quality under the No Project No Activity Alternative sedimentation related to on site flooding would continue unabated and as the relevant channel continues to
erode this could result in significant impacts Under the Proposed Project improvements to on site channels will reduce any potential impacts to a less than significant level

Hydrology and Water Quality County of Orange EIR No 573 90
90 Page 91 92
4.9 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
This section addresses the potential impacts of the Proposed Project on biological resources including impacts associated with the proposed land uses and aviation operations Potential
issues associated with bird strikes are addressed later in Section 4.15 Public Health and Safety The potential impacts of the Proposed Project on biological resources were
evaluated in detail in the MCAS El Toro Master Development Program Biological Resources Technical Report P D Consultants 1999 The findings of this technical
report are summarr zed in this Section The technical report is provided in Appendix H of this EIR

The aviation and nonaviation uses under the Proposed Project are contained within the MCAS El Toro site and do not expose a substantially different new geographic area to direct
biological resource impacts compared to that evaluated in EIR No 563 This section of this current EIR evaluates the Proposed Project as defined in detail earlier in Section 3.0

4.9.1 Summary of Conclusions in EIR No 563
Final EIR No 563 evaluated potential biological resources impacts associated with the CRP for the MCAS El Toro site The Biological Resources Technical Report for the CRP
Appendix I of EIR No 563 and EIR No 563 provided the results of that analysis and the potential impacts of the CRP on biological resources The analysis considered both direct
e g permanent habitat loss and indirect e g noise impacts of the CRP on biological resources The impacts were determined to be below a level of significance and no specific
mitigation measures were recommended

4.9.1 I Significant Effects That Cannot Be Mitigated to a Level of Insignificance

Based on the location of the proposed land uses and the preservation of the biological resources in the Habitat Reserve EIR No 563 concluded that the CRP would not result in
significant adverse impacts related to biological resources As noted in Final EIR No 563 VoI 6A Attachment A the potential impacts of the CRP on biological resources were
found not to be significant and no mitigation was required or proposed Therefore EIR No 563 did not identify any significant adverse impacts that would require mitigation

4.9.1.2 Effects Determined Not to be Significant
EIR No 563 concluded that the loss of agricultural land indirect impacts associated with dust noise and human presence impacts resulting from aircraft overflights and impacts on
native plant communities wildlife wildlife dispersion corridors and special interest species as a result of the proposed CRP would not be or cause significant impacts on biological
resources

County of Orange EIR No 573 Biological Resources 91
91 Page 92 93
4.9.2 Final EIR No 563 Supplemental Analysis
Following litigation the San Diego Superior Court found that certain portions of EIR No 563 were inadequate or incomplete under CEQA With regard to biological resources the
issue of inadequacy dealt with the potential loss of habitat for the Swainson's hawk and American peregrine falcon The Supplemental Analysis modified the impact determinations
made in Final EIR No 563 with respect to project related impacts on this potential loss of habitat However in June 1999 the Court of Appeal reversed the trial court on this point
ruling that EIR No 563 was adequate The determinations made in the Supplemental Analysis therefore are rendered moot by the Court of Appeal's ruling and were not
adopted as part of the recertification of EIR No 563 with the Supplemental Analysis

4.9.3 Environmental Setting Existing Conditions
4.9.3.1 MCAS El Toro
The MCAS El Toro site lies primarily in unincorporated Orange County just east of the City of Irvine On the MCAS El Toro site biological resources are very limited due to the
developed nature of the site and agricukural production A 970 acre parcel northeast of the MCAS El Toro site and northeast of Irvine Boulevard is predominantly vacant and is
proposed as a Habitat Reserve The Habitat Reserve site which merges into the foothills of the Santa Ana Mountains is mostly undeveloped and supports high quaLity native habitats
including sage scrub habitat occupied by the federally threatened coastal California gnatcatcher A description of the Reserve's biological resources is provided later under
Vegetation Communities The adjacent Reserve also contains a pistol range an ordnance storage area a fuel storage and explosive ordnance disposal site as shown on Figure 4.9 1

The Habitat Reserve is not part of the Proposed Project It is presently anticipated that the reserve area will be transferred directly by the DON to another federal agency and not to the
County The County's role in the continuation of the area as a habitat reserve which expressly included x cog ion of the future use of MCAS El Toro as a civilian commercial
airport was to negotiate and be a party to the NCCP agreement described below which contemplates preservation of the area as a habitat reserve to the extent not already devoted to
other uses Discussion of the Habitat Reserve is provided in this EIR for the limited purpose of analyzing the potential impacts of the Proposed Project on those biological resources
present within the Reserve

In early 199 1 the California Resources Agency developed a concept for a multiple species habitat conservation plan The plan with coastal sage scrub CSS as the pilot program was
developed in collaboration with a number of landowners A primary element of the plan was the establishment of a Scientific Review Panel SRP to develop and oversee data
collection procedures and to fornmlate regional and subregional goals and criteria for fkture reserves A number of landowners and the County of Orange assembled data collected in

Biological Resources County of Orange EIR No 573 43 z 92
92 Page 93 94
1992 and 1993 on sage scrub species according to the guidelines released by the SRP in December 1991 and developed a reserve design and NCCPIHCP The purpose of the
reserve design was essentially to preserve adequate blocks of habitat and viable dispersion corridors to ensure the perpetuation of sensitive sage scrub plant and animal species in
Change County The reserve design identified the Central and Coastal Subregion for the NCCP for Orange County The Central and Coastal Subregion is divided into the Central and Coastal
Subareas as shown on Figure 4.9 2
The NCCPIHCP a joint EIRIEIS and an NCCP HCP Implementation Agreement were prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Fish and Game CDFG and the
United States Fish and Wildlife Service LJSFWS and were distributed for public review Numerous written public comments and public testimony were received by the County The
Final Central and Coastal Subregion NCCP HCP was published in July 1996
The approved NCCPMCP conservation plans go beyond enrollments to establish enforceable implementation agreements that assure the provision of habitat reserve systems
and long term adaptive management programs Fed Reg Vol 64 No 25 February 8 1999 at 5961 In contrast with the voluntary nature of NCCP enrollments all approved
NCCP HCPs involve the issuance of a Section IO incidental take permit under the Federal Endangered Species Act FESA based on the implementation guarantees provided for in the
HCP implementation agreement The short and long term protections provided for the gnatcatcher pursuant to approved NCCP HCPs are legally enforceable

In the case of NCCPLHCPs the Southern California Coastal Sage Scrub Program NCCP Conservation Guidelines that are applied in preparing and approving NCCP plans contain
specific provisions addressing the importance of occupied and unoccupied habitat The NCCP HCPs emphasize effective reserve design and biological connectivity between major
populations of gnatcatchers Accordingly approved NCCP plans protect unoccupied as well as occupied habitat determined to be essential to the conservation of the species

In the review and approval of the Section 10 NCCPIHCPs the U S Fish and Wildlife Service USFWS employed the jeopardy consultation standard which the USFWS
determined was identicaI to the critical habitat consultation standard under the FESA Although critical habitat standards differ from the jeopardy standard in limited situations
the jeopardy standard generally includes unoccupied habitat required to be protected in order to meet the Section 10 approval standard This is because unoccupied habitat may be
necessary to be protected in order to reach the conclusion that allowed tie will not significantly reduce the likelihood of survival and recovery of the species Approved
NCCP HCPs in Orange and San Diego counties provide for comprehensive monitoring in conjunction with the funding and establishment of long term adaptive management
programs Under the approved NCCPs the Implementation Agreements require the creation of a comprehensive program for undertaking management actions necessary to sustain
populations over the long term and in so doing to adapt management actions to new information and changing habitat needs over time Adaptive management activities
identified in approved plans include habitat restoration removal of invasive plant and animal species that impact gnatcatcher habitat and gnatcatcher nesting fire management

County of Orange EIR No 573 Biological Resources 93
93 Page 94 95
grazing management and recreational access management For these reasons the USFWS concluded that NCCP HCPs approved pursuant to the NCCP Conservation Guidelines
under a Section 10 jeopardy standard protect habitat essential to the conservation of the species Based on such habitat protection and adaptive management programs pursuant to
NCCP HCP implementation agreements special management considerations or protection under FESA are not required for the areas included in NCCP Implementation Agreements or
the federal Habitat Reserve
The MCAS El Toro site is in the Central Subarea of the Central and Coastal Subregion of the NCCP for Orange County which includes central Orange County from the coast inland
to State Route 91 SR91 as shown on Figure 4.9 2 The Central Subarea Reserve is proposed to comprise a 20,177 acre system The Habitat Reserve was included in the
reserve design for the Central Subarea because it met the following reserve design objectives for this subarea

0 It provides core habitat along the frontal slopes of the Lomas de Santiago
ii It provides high densities of target species including the coastal California gnatcatcher and cactus wren Target species include those the NCCP focused on as

indicators of healthy functioning sage scrub ecosystems
iii It provides linkages with other core habitat areas via a long strip of natural habitat between Portola Parkway and the Foothill Transportation Corridor FTC and other
large blocks of cure habitat in the vicinity on the frontal slopes of the Lomas de Santiago Siphon Reservoir and Rattlesnake Reservoir core habitat block

The Habitat Reserve supports the largest subpopulation of coastal California gnatcatchers in the Central Subarea of the Central and Coastal Subregion of the NCCP reserve design for
Orange County as shown on Figure 4.9 4 As a result the Habitat Reserve is expected to be a critically important resource for the success of the reserve design

In September 1998 a wildfire burned through most of the proposed Habitat Reserve including areas containing the highest known densities of coastal California gnatcatcher and
cactus wren breeding territories on the federal site The 1998 wildfire in the Habitat Reserve burned through areas containing all the major habitat types as shown later on Figure 4.9 8 It
is anticipated that through natural succession and DOI management of the Reserve the vegetation communities in the Habitat Reserve will recover to a point of composition similar
to that of pre fire conditions Similarly wildlife characteristics of this area are expected to return

The 970 acre Habitat Reserve in Planning Area 6 5a will be conveyed in Phase 1 to another federal agency in conjunction with the Orange County NCCPHCP This progranz was
established by the California Legislature through enactment of the NCCP HCP Act Fish and Game Code Section 2800 et seq The purpose of the program is to provide long term
regional protection of natural vegetation and wildlife diversity in reserve areas while allowing compatible land uses and appropriate development and growth in other areas

Biologicai Resources County of Orange EIR No 573 94
94 Page 95 96
Therefore this 970 acre parcel will not be conveyed to the County of Orange and will not be included in the proposed airport property
An additional 20 acre parcel adjacent to the Habitat Reserve will be conveyed to the County of Orange for inclusion in the NCCP HCP Reserve Development and activity within this
parcel will be limited to that which is necessary to maintain the protection of natural vegetation and wildlife Access to the site wiil be Limited to authorized personnel

Vegetation Communities on the MCAS El Tom Site
The plant or vegetation communities on the MCAS El Tore site not including the Habitat Reserve which is described later include primarily non native grasslands agriculture and
disturbed developed communities with substantially smaIler areas of Venturan Diegan sage scrub southern willow scrub and watercourses The plant conmunities in the Habitat

Reserve are shown on Figures 4.9 3 and 4.9 4
There are eight planning areas designated for the MCAS El Tore site as shown earlier on Figure 1 l Planning Area 1 contains primarily disturbetideveloped areas with lesser
amounts of non native grassland and agriculture Planning Area 2 contains non native grasslands au isolated patch of sage scrub disturbed developed areas agriculture and the
Agua Chinon drainage by the military housing Planning Area 3 contains agriculture disturbed developed areas non native grasslands a golf course park grasslands and
Borrego Canyon Wash Planning Area 4 contains primarily disturbed developed areas and non native grasslands Planning Area 5 contains agriculture disturbed developed areas and
part of Marshburn Retarding Basin and Channel Planning Area 6 contains a large part of the Habitat Reserve including grassland Venturan Diegan sage scrub riparian woodlands
marsh and watercourses associated with Borrego Canyon Wash and Agua Chinon Wash Planning Area 7 primarily consists of agriculture and drainages associated with Serrano and
San Diego Creeks Planning Area 8 is largely disturbed developed uses
As shown earlier on Figure 4.8 4 the fullowing major drainages cross the MCAS El Tore site

0 Marshbum Channel manufactured hardscape enters the northeast part of the MCAS El Toro site This improved drainage contains primarily ruderal non native
vegetation with minimal biological value This Channel is hard bottom with a few cracks which allow invasive vegetation to penetrate the Channel bottom

ii Bee Canyon Channel after its junction with Round Canyon Channel crosses the site as a modified channel with both open and underground sections This drainage
contains minimal vegetation with little if any biological value
iii Agua Chinon Wash enters the MCAS El Tore site in the military housing area as a culvert As this drainage continues towards Irvine Boulevard it returns to a natural
intermittent stream that supports southern willow scrub habitat Further downstream and north of Irvine Boulevard Agua Chinon Wash has been modified by drainage

County of Orange EIR No 573 Biological Resources 95
95 Page 96 97
iv
improvements and erosion control features South of Irvine Boulevard this drainage is primarily a closed channel although there are reaches that contain mulefat scrub
and some willows in Planning Areas 2 and 3
Borrego Canyon Wash supports riparian plant communities as it crosses the Habitat Reserve Further downstream at the MCAS El Toro site Bon ego Canyon Wash is
an improved flood control channel with concrete side walls The majority of this channel is unvegetated As this drainage turns west some sediment has been
deposited in the channel with limited riparian scrub species present Near the south end of Runway 16 34 this Wash becomes more open and supports a variety of
ruderal native and non native vegetation typical of a disturbed riparian scrub drainage system Mule fat scrub occurs in the riprap along the sides of the Channel
The banks at this location are channelized and heavily modified by riprap and other erosion control features Below the railroad tracks the wash is an open sandy wash
with scattered riparian scrub species present
Semno Creek crosses the southeast part of the MCAS El Toro site which is currently in agricultural production The drainage has been modified by flood
control improvements and is currently an open soft bottom channel As it approaches Interstate 5 I 5 the banks are covered by grouted riprap Serrano Creek
supports sparse primarily non native vegetation including tree tobacco IVicot glauca wild radish Rapkinus sativus and castor bean Ricinus commu lis
Some other small drainages drain to the major Serrano Creek Channel These smaller

channels include Bermuda grass tree tobacco and some cattails but are poorly drained

vi A short segment of San Diego Creek crosses the southeast corner of the MCAS El Toro site This segment of San Diego Creek is vegetated with ruderal and native
species Species present include cattails and riparian dependent scrub vegetation
Select segments of streambeds support riparian vegetation wetland hydrology and associated soils that qualify as wetlands The majority of these conditions apply to San
Diego Creek although other select reaches include wetland indicators such as along Agua Chinon Wash north of Irvine Boulevard and along Borrego Wash south of the railroad
tracks The U S Army Corps of Engineers COE and the U S Environmental Protection Agency define wetlands as follows

Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground wafer at a frequency and duration suficient fo support and that under normal circumstances do support a
prevalence of vegetution typically adapted for Iife in saturuted soil conditiuns Wetland generally include swamps mu es bogs and similar areas I

It is important to recognize that wetlands have very limited distribution in Southern California due to habitat alteration such as marsh draining construction and filling and
construction and maintenance of arterial channels In addition their distribution is also limited to areas with high water tables which are aIso of limited distribution These

Biological Resources County of Orange EIR No 573 96
96 Page 97 98
considerations coupled with the typically high ecological value make wetlands an important resource
The COE uses three criteria to delineate an area as a jurisdictional wetland which are described in the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual Environmental
Laboratory 1987 All three criteria must be met concurrently within an area in order for a jurisdictional determination to be made These criteria are hydrophytk vegetation wetland
hydrology and hydric soils
The hydrophytic vegetation criterion is satisfied when more than 50 percent of the dominant species in a stratum are obligate fmultative wetland or facultative hydrophytes A
hydrophyte is any plant that grows in water or on a substrate that is at least periodically deficient in Oxygen as a result of excessive water content Other field indicators of
hydrophytic vegetation include visual observation of plant species growing under prolonged inundation or saturation morphological adaptations and technical literature The USFWS
has published the Nafional List of Vmdur Plant Species that Occur in Wehnds 1996 Summary U'SFWS 1997 which provides a breakdown of hydrophytic vegetation by region
of the country
The wetland hydrology criterion is satisfied when an area is inundated or saturated to the surface for at least five percent of the growing season in most years Primary field indicators
of hydrology include the following observation of inundation observation of soil saturation water marks drift lines sediment deposits and drainage patterns in wetlands

The hydric soils criterion is satisfied when a soil is saturated flooded or ponded long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part Nearly
all hydric soils exhibit characteristic morphologies that result from repeated periods of saturation and or inundation that persist for more than a few days Saturation or inundation
when combined with microbiological activity in the soil causes a depletion of oxygen that promotes processes such as the accumulation of organic matier and the reduction
translocation and or accumulation of iron and other reducible elements These processes result in characteristic morphologies i e low chroma mottling or gleying that persist in
the soil during both wet and dry periods These morphologies are useM for identifying hydric soils

COE jurisdictional wetlands were delineated at the MCAS El Toro site for San Diego Creek scattered fragments along Borrego Wash south of the railroad tracks and along Agua
Chinon Wash south of the military housing
An area may fail to delineate as a jurisdictional wetland yet conditions within the area may allow the COE to consider the area a jurisdictional water Jurisdictional waters are also
regulated under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act

County of Orange EIR No 573 B iologicai Resources 97
97 Page 98 99
Vegetatiun Communities in the Adjacent Federal Habitat Reserve
In addition to the vegetation and drainage features in the MCAS El Tom site are those biotic communities in the Habitat Reserve

Several vegetation communities occur in the Habitat Reserve Venturan Diegan sage scrub chaparral coast live oak woodland blue elderberry woodland southern sycamore riparian
woodland southern willow scrub mule fat scrub grassland and disturbed developed areas The overall quality of the native habitats in the Reserve is high These habitats support a
number of special interest plant and wildlife species described later under Special Interest Species Table 4.9 l summarizes the vegetation communities and their related acreages in
the Habitat Reserve
The Venturan Diegan sage scrub dominates the hills on the northern end of the site Found throughout Orange County typically on slopes below 2,000 feet elevation this community
is dominated by drought deciduous soft leafed shrubs Composed of several subcommunities totaling approximately 386 acres this is the largest native plant community
in the Reserve This sage scrub community is dominated by California sagebrush Artemisia californica California buckwheat Eriogonum fasciculahtm black sage Salvia melrifera
and bush mallow Mahcothumnus fascicdatus
The chaparral vegetation community comprises 5.6 acres in the Habitat Reserve and often intergrades with the sage scrub community It consists of evergreen woody shrubs that are
highly adapted to drought and fire conditions Typical species in this community include char e Adenostoma fasciculatum laurel sumac Malosma luurina ceanothus ceunothus
sp toyon Heteromeles urh u and scrub oak Quercus berberidzjhliu
Coast live oak woodland in the Habitat Reserve totaling 0.7 acre consists of a few scattered trees along Borrego Wash This community is an open woodland with a poorly developed
shrub understory Associated species typically include holly leaf redberry Rhamnus iliczfoliu goosebeny Ribes sp poison oak Tuxicodendron diversilobum wild cucumber
Marah sp and phacelia Phacelia sp Coast live oak woodland often intergrades with chaparral and scrub communities

Approximately two acres of blue elderberry woodland occurs along the east border of the Habitat Reserve Dominated by blue elderberry S'umbucus mexicana this community
often occurs along the upper benches of streamcourses
Approximately 0.6 acre of southern sycamore riparian woodland occurs in the southeast part of the Habitat Reserve This community is dominated by western sycamore P PIUS
rcLceltlo in association with coast live oaks and an open shrub understory

Biological Resources County of Orange EIR No 573 98
98 Page 99 100
Table 4.9 l PIsnt Communities in the Habitat Reserve
I 5.6 I
Cc Live Oak Woodland Blue Elderberry Woodland

Southern Sycamore R rian Woodland Southern Willow Scrub
Mulefat Scrub Grassland
Ephemeral Drainages and Washes Agriculture
Disturbed Devehed Areas

r 0.7
2.0 0.6

28.2 0.9
325 f 0 .3
7 .5 213.1

Source PDSD Resources Planning GIS Coverage of the 1992 Vegetation Mapping Prepared by Jones Stokes Associates Dames and Moore Dave Bramlet
Consulting Biologist and LSA Associates for the County of Orange

Other riparian plant communities include southern willow scrub and mule fat scrub There are approximately 28 acres of southern willow scrub in the southern part of the Habitat
Reserve This community includes dense broadleaf winter deciduous thickets of arroyo and sandbar willows Salk Zasiokpis and S hindiana other species such as black willow
Salk gooddivzgiii mule fat Baccharis saZMj a and blue elderberry are often associated with this communay Mule fat scrub comprises 0.9 acre in the Habitat Reserve This
community typically occurs along intermittent streams and drainages with fairly coarse substrate and moderate depth to groundwater

Grasslands make up a large percentage of the Habitat Reserve totalling approximately 325 acres This habitat typically consists of non native annual species including slender wild
oat Avena burbatu ripgut grass 3mmus diandrus red brome B r em soft chess B mollis and common barley Hordeurn vulgar Small areas of native grassland are found
in association with CSS or in open grasslands and primarily consist of wildrye Leymus sp and purple needlegrass Stipa pulchra

Approximately 202 acres of the Habitat Reserve have been disturbed by clearing grading or development including dirt roads the pistol range magazine storage area a fuel storage and
explosive ordnance site and an archery area
The anticipated occurrence of wildlife and plant species on a given site is based on the foIlowing

0 Observed Species that have been recorded at least once in the Habitat Reserve on the MCAS El Toro site at JWA or in the Upper Newport Bay Ecological Reserve
based on visual or aurai identification and that have been recorded in the referenced documentation

County of Orange EIR No 573 Biological Resources 99
99 Page 100 101
ii Expected Species that are currently unrecorded in the Habitat Reserve on the
MCAS El Toro site at JWA or in the Upper Newport Bay Ecological Reserve and have not been recorded in the referenced documentation However due to the extent

of suitable habitat and the species known distribution and relative abundance in Orange County these species would be expected to occur

iii Limited Potential Species that have not been recorded in the Habitat Reserve on the MCAS El Toro site at JWA or in the Upper Newport Bay Ecological Reserve
and have not been recorded in the referenced documentation However there is some limited potential for these species to occur based on the species known
distribution in Orange County and the presence of marginally suitable habitat Various factors may affect habitat suitability such as plant community type plant
community composition habitat quality and elevation
iv Not Expected Species that are not expected to occur in the Habitat Reserve on the MCAS El Toro site at JWA or in the Upper Newport Bay Ecological Reserve
based on the species currently known distribution or lack of suitable habitat at these locations

V Potential Unknown Species for which the potential for occurrence in the Habitat Reserve on the MCAS El Toro site at JWA or in the Upper Newport Bay
Ecological Reserve is unknown due to a lack of information on the species current range in Orange County or local habitat requirements

Wiidbfe on the MCAS El Tom Site and the Adjacent Federal Habitat
Reserve

Biological resources for wildlife on the MCAS El Toro site are primarily found in the nonnative habitats in the agric ural areas However the coastal sage scrub dominated knoll in
Planning Area 2 and the willow scrub along Agua Chinon Wash are examples of locations where native plant communities occur on the MCAS El Toro site and outside the Habitat
Reserve The native habitats in the adjacent Habitat Reserve provide high quality suitable wildlife habitat while the agricultural areas generally provide Iow quality or minimal
suitable wildlife habitat for most species
The habitats on the MCAS EI Toro site and within the adjacent Habitat Reserve are described below by the typical wildlife species they support

Wildlife in Developed Disturbed and Agricultural Areas
The MCAS El Toro site contains large areas of developed disturbed agricultural and ruderal uses that were converted from native habitats similar to those found on the northern
part of the site in the Habitat Reserve The MCAS El Toro site contains species typical of a low density urban site including a low diversity wildlife community composed of a few
native and introduced species such as feral domestic animals Most of these species use the

Biological Resources County of Orange EIR No 573 100
100 Page 101 102
open spaces between runways the existing golf course and its surrounding vacant lands and two discontinuous areas on the site that currently support agriculture
The disturbed and developed areas on the site provide very little or marginal wildlife habitat value Generally available cover is either minimal or consists of non native vegetation and
relatively few wildlife species would be expected here Non native species that occur in some of the developed areas include the house mouse Mus mulculus Norway rat Rattus
norvegicus black rat Rattus rattus rock dove Columba iivia European starling Sturnus vulgaris and house sparrow Passer domesticus Native species expected here include the
western fence lizard American crow C o rv us brachyrhynchos northern mockingbird Mimus polyglottos Brewer's blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus house finch
Carpodacus mexicanus Virginia opossum Didelphis virginiana Audubon's cottontail Sylvilagus audobonii California ground squirrel Spermophilus beecheyi and striped
skunk Mephitis mephitis
Agricultural areas on the site consist of row crops which are continually rotated and disced as well as orchards These fields generally support a low diversity of wildlife species but
can be of high value for some wildlife species Species observed or seasonally expected to use the agricultural and other disturbed areas on the MCAS El Toro site include reptiles such
as the western fence lizard Sceloporus occidentalis southern alligator lizard Gerrhonotus multicarinatus and gopher snake Piruophis melanoleucus Many bird species occur in
large flocks in agricultural habitats Species expected to occur on the MCAS El Toro site include rock dove Columba Iivia mourning dove Zenaida macroura homed lark
Eremophila alpestris American crow Corvus brachyrhynhos American pipit Anthus rubescens European starling Sturnus vulgaris Brewer's blackbird Euphagus
cyanocephalus brown headed cowbird Molothrus ater and house finch Carpodacus mexicanus This habitat provides foraging opportunities for a number of raptors including
the red tailed hawk Buteo jamaicensis and American kestrel Falco sparverius The Virginia opossum Didelphis virginiana Audubon's cottontail Sylvilagus audobonii
California ground squirrel and Botta's pocket gopher Thomomys bottae are expected to be common with species such as the striped skunk Spilogale gracilis long tailed weasel
Mustela frenata and coyote expected to be less common based on their generaI probability of occurrence in this type of habitat elsewhere in southern California

Wildlife in Sage Scrub Communities
The Venturan Diegan sage scrub community provides important food and shelter resources for a relatively diverse wildlife population In southern California sage scrub is the
preferred habitat for a unique variety of wildlife species including many special interest species Examples of wildlife common in the sage scrub plant community in the Habitat
Reserve include western fence lizard southern alligator lizard side blotched lizard Uta stansburiana gopher snake California quail Callipepla californica greater roadrunner
Geococcyx californianus wrentit Chamaea fasciata Bewick's wren Thryomanes bewickii California towhee Pipilo crissalis gray fox Urocyon cinereoargentius
Audubon's cottontail deer mouse Peromyscus mani cu la tus dusky footed woodrat Neotuma fuscipes bobcat Felis rufus and mountain lion Felis concolor Uncommon

County of Change EIR No 573 4.9 11 Biological Resources 101
101 Page 102 103
and special interest species associated with the sage scrub in the Habitat Reserve include San Diego horned lizard Pkrynosoma CO O M Z blainvillei orange throated whiptail
Cnemiduphurus hyperythrus c o a s t a l westem whiptail Cnemidophorus tigris mu tisc u s Coast patch nosed snake Salvadora hexalepsis vi tea coastal cactus
wren Cu1 1 20ryr1c s brunneicap coastal California gnatcatcher Poliopfila calzfOrplica californica Southern California rufous crowned sparrow AimophiZu r ceps
cunescem San Diego black tailed jackrabbit Lepus caZzjiwnicus bennettiz San Diego desert woodrat Neotoma Zepida infermedia southern grasshopper mouse yco ys
torridus ramona badger Taxidea tuxus and San Diego pocket mouse Perognuthus f ZZZdlX

Wildlife in Chaparral Communities
Due to the overlap of many plant species the chaparral community supports somewhat similar resources for wildlife as the sage scrub community Due to the taller structure of
chaparral vegetation it is often preferred for shelter by larger mammals such as bobcat and mule deer Odocoileus hemionus Examples of other wildlife typically occurring in
chaparral include western fence lizard gopher snake wrentit Bewick's wren California thrasher Toxostoma rediviwm spotted towhee PipiZo macuzutus dusky footed woodrat
Audubon's cottontail and gray fox

Wildlife in Riparian Habitats
In general riparian habitats in the Habitat Reserve vary from woodland habitats such as southern sycamore riparian woodland and southern willow shrub to more scrub dominated
habitats such as mule fat scrub Riparian ecosystems are important in their overall habitat value and are relatively limited in their extent Riparian woodIa nd and riparian scrub
habitats provide substantial food shelter and nesting opportunities for a variety of wildlife species Examples of the more common wildlife species known to occur in riparian habitats
in the Habitat Reserve include western fence and southern alligator lizards Pacific treefrog Hyla regilla western toad BuJ boreas Nuttall's woodpecker Ficoides nurralliz
western scrub jay Aphelocoma caZzfornica house wren TrogZodytes aedon common yellowthroat Geothlypis t has song sparrow MeZaspiza meZodia Audubon's cottontail
deer mouse California mouse Peromyscus cuZzj zicus and raccoon Procyon Zotor
Wildlife in Grassland Habitats
Although grassland habitats typically support less diversity of native wildlife than other plant communities a number of wildlife species are generally dependent on the resources

provided by grasslands Because this is the preferred habitat for many reptiles and small to medium sized burrowing mammals grasslands provide important foraging opportunities for
many raptors Several rare and declining wildlife species are associated with grasslands in southern California Wildlife typically occurring in the grassland habitats in the Habitat
Reserve include side blotched lizard southern alligator lizard common kingsnake Lamprope2ti s getulus red tailed hawk American kestrel mourning dove common raven
chvus corax Say's phoebe Sayornis saya Savannah sparrow Passerculus

BioIogical Resources County of Orange EIR No 573 102
102 Page 103 104
sandwichemis western meadowlark SturneZZu neglectu barn owl Tyto a Audubon's cottontail deer mouse and harvest mouse Reithodontomys megchtik Uncommon
species associated with this habitat include the northern harrier Circus cyaneus whitetailed kite Ehus Zeucurus loggerhead shrike Lucius Zz duvicium t s grasshopper sparrow

Ammodramus savannarum southern grasshopper mouse Unyconays furridus ramonu long tailed weasel and coyote Canis hnms

Wildife in Other Native tiabitats
Because the coast live oak woodland and Mexican elderberry woodland habitats are limited in size on the MCAS El Toro site and do not provide substantial resources for wildlife only
wildlife species in the adjacent habitats are expected to occur in these woodlands Some wildlife species typical of these habitats are western fence southern alligator and sideblotched
lizards California quail Nuttall's woodpecker western scrub jay Audubon's cottontail and deer mouse

Special Interest Species on the MCAS El Tom Site and Adjacent Federal Habitat Reserve
Potential special interest biological resources on the MCAS El Toro site the JWA site and Upper Newport Bay were identified based on a literature search Special interest plant
species potentially occurring in the area were identified using Skinner and Pavlik 1994a and 1994b and the USFWS 1993 and 1996 For wildlife the USFWS 1993,1994 and 1996
CDFG 1980 1986 1994 and 1998 National Audubon Society NAS 1986 Remsen 1978 and conversations with USFWS staff in 1997 and 1998 MCAS Supplemental EIR
December 1998 were used as sources
Special interest species are defined as species afforded special recognition by federal state or local resource conservation agencies organizations and or jurisdictions including species
listed as rare threatened and or endangered by resource conservation agencies and the California Native Plant Society CNPS

Five special interest plant species and 55 special interest wildlife species either have been observed have limited potential to occur or are expected to occur on or in the immediate
vicinity of the MCAS El Toro and JWA sites and Upper Newport Bay These plant and wildlife species are shown in Tables 4.9 Z and 4.9 3 respectively Special interest plant
and wildlife species in the MCAS El Toro area include four endangered species Riverside fairy shrimp Streptocqhalus wootton which was observed in the Habitat Reserve the
Quino checkerspot butterfly which has a limited potential to occur in the Habitat Reserve the American peregrine falcon which has a limited potential to occur in the area and the
southwestern willow flycatcher which has limited potential to occur in the Habitat Reserve Two threatened species the Swainson's hawk which was observed but is not expected to
occur in the area and the coastal California gnatcatcher which was also observed in the area also occur in the MCAS El Toro area Coastal California gnatcatcher locations in the

County of Orange EIR No 573 Biological Resources 103
103 Page 104 105
Table 4.9 2 Special Interest Plant Species on the MCAS El Two Site
CuZochortus Catahue I I I I Intermediate mariposa lily I I 1 1 TB
I sot 1 I Potential CaZochortus wee i var interme is

Prostrate spineflower Chorizanthe procumbens

Slender homed spineflower
4
1B FE CE
Observed
Potential DOdeCahernQ k iocerus
Palmer's grappltig hook Harpagonelh palmeri 2 sot Potential

ource P D Consultants 1999
LEGEND
United States Fish and WiIdIife Service USFWS
FE
SQC
Federally listed as endangered as defined by Section 3 of the Endangered Species Act ESA of 1973 in danger of extinction throughout al1 or a significant portion of its range
Federal species of concern
California Department of Fish and Game CDFG

CE CaIifomia endangered
CaIifornia Native Plant Society CM
1B Rare threatened or endangered in California and elsewhere in its range 2 Rare threatened or endangered in California but more common elsewhere
Limited distribution a watch list
Potential for Occurrence

Observed Observed during the 1993 surveys conducted by the USFWS Potential Potential for occurrence in the Habitat Reserve

Biological Resources County of Orange EIR No 573 104
104 Page 105 106
Table 4.9 3 Special Interest Wildlife Species on the MCAS El Tom Site Habitat Reserve JWA and
Upper Newport Bay Ecological Reserve

Riverside fbiry shrimp StropZocepJudus wootori
Quino checkerspot butterfly Euphy yas editha no
p Q j
Arroyo southwestern toad Bufo microscaphus califomicus

Western spadefoot

FE
I 1I
FT c s c

SOC C S C Scaphiopfls hammortdii
g f 7 I
San Diego homed lizard

I k

I so C S C Phrynos ma corunatum blakvilki
Orange throated whiptail Cnemidophorus hyperythrus
Silvery legless Iizard Anieila plchra pulchra

Rosy boa Lichanura Trivirgaia
San Bernardino ringneck snake Diadophis punckztus modestus
Coast patch nosed snake Salvadura hexakpis vi tea
Northern red diamond rattlesnake

SUC c s c
sot c s c
sue
SUC
S O C c s c
SOC c s c Crotalus ruber ruber
3hb California brown peli I I
I FE t SE Pelecanus occidektaiis californicus

osprey Pandiun haliaetus
White tailed kite E anus leucunrs

Northern harrier Circus cyaneus
Sharp shinned hawk Accipiter striatus
Cooper's hawk Accipiter cooperi
Swainson's hawk Bu tea swainsonii
Ferruginous hawk Buteo regalis
Golden eagle Aquila chrysaef OS
Merlin Faico colum bark

M
SOC

C S C
CSC FP
c s c
c s c
c s c
CT
c s c
CSCfFP
c s c

American peregrine falcon Fake peregrinus anatum
Prairie fhlcon Falco mexicanus
CE
c s c

Not Expected 1,2
Not Expected 1
Observed 1

Observed I
I

Observed 1
Expected 1
Limited Potential I
Expected 1
Potential Unknown I
Expected 1

Observed 3
Observed 3
Observed 1,3 Limited Potential 4
Observed 1,3 Limited Potential 4
Observed 1,3 Limited Potential 2,4
Observed I 3 Limited Potential 2,4
Observed Not Expected 2
Observed 1,2,3 Limited Potential 4
Limited Potential l 3
Observed 3 Expected 1,2
Limited Potential 4 Limited Potential 1,2

Observed 3 Observed I 3,4
Limited Potential 2

County of Orange EIR No 573 Biological Resources 105
105 Page 106 107
Table 4.9 3 Special Interest Wildlife Species on the MCAS El Tom Site Habitat Reserve JWA and
Upper Newport Bay EcoIqgkal Reserve

Short eared owl Asiu flammew
Southwestern willow flycatcher Empidunax trail ii extimtrs
California homed lark Eremuphilu a stris actia
coastal cactus wrerl Campyk ynchus brrrnneicapillus cozresi
Coastal California gnatcatcher Poliuptila califomica caiifornicu

Loggerhead shrike Lunius Iuduvkiarrus

I I
C S C 1 Limited Potential 1 Z

FE

FT
sot

C S C
c s c
C S C
c s c

Observed 3 Limited Potential 1,3
Observed 1
Expect C 4 Observed 1,2

Limited Potential 3 Observed 1,3

Observed 1,3
m ted 2

Least Be11 s vireo Vireo bellii pusillzrs

Southern California rufous crowned sparrow
FE
S O C
CE
c s c

Limited P ntial 4 Observed 3
Limited Potential 2 Observed 1
Aimuphila ruficeps canescens Limited P W 3 Bell's sage sparrow
sot c s c Amphispiza belli be Ii Observed I

Belding's savannah sparrow sot CE Passerculus sandkichensis beldingi Observed 3

Large billed savannah sparrow sot c s c Observed 31 Passerculus sandwiche is rostra s I I I I
Tricolored blackbird I 1 t I S O C I c s c 1 Expected 2,3 Agelaius tricolor
Mmrslr rts I Pallid bat
Antruzuus paMus Townsend's big eared bat
Plecutus tuwnsendii California mastiff bat
Eztmups perutis califomicus Long eared myotis

I 1 Limited P n d 1,4
I c s c 1 Limited Potential 2

sot

sot
S O C

c s c
c s c

Limited Potential 2

Limited Potential 2,3
1 Limited Potential 2 Myotis evutis
Fringed myotis Myotis thysanudes
Long legged myotis
S O C
sot
Limited Potential 2
Limited Potential 2

Biological Resources County of Orange EIR No 573 106
106 Page 107 108
Table 4.9 3
Special Interest Wildlife Species on the MCAS El Tom Site Habitat Reserve JWA and Upper Newport Bay EcologicaI Reserve

Taxi a Zuxw
Source P D Consultants 1999
LEGEND
United States Fish and Wildlife Service USFWS

FE FE Proposed for listing as federally endangered Federally endangered as defined by Section 3 of the ESA of 1973 in danger of extinction throughout all or

a significant portion of its range Fr Federally threatened as defined by Section 3 of the ESA of 1973 likely to become endangered in the
foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range F C Federal candidate for listing as endangered or threatened suficient information exists to support a proposal
to list the species as endangered or threatened SOC Federal species of concern

California Department of Fish and Game CDFG
CT California threatened CE California endangered

c s c California species of special concern FP California fully protected

Potential for Occurrence
Observed A species recorded at least once at the designated location by means of direct observation vocalization scat or other evidence

Expected A species expected to occur at the designated location due to its known range relative abundance and the presence of suitable habitat
Limited Potential A species with only limited potential for occurrence at the designated location due to its known range relative abundance or the presence of onIy marginally suitable habitat
Not Expected A species not expected to occur due to its currently known range and or tbe lack of suitable habitat Potential Unknown Due to insufficient information on this species local distribution habitat preference etc the
potential for its occurrence is unknown
I Habitat Reserve 2 MCAS El Toro Site

3 Upper Newport Bay Ecological Reserve 4 John Wayne Airport

County of Change EIR No 573 Biological Resources 107
107 Page 108 109
Habitat Reserve are shown on Figure 4.9 4 and are shown on Figure 4.9 6 for Upper Newport Bay Although the American peregrine falcon has been removed from the federal
endangered species list it remains a state endangered species

Special Interest Plant Species
One special interest plant species has been observed and four special interest plant species may have limited potential to occur on the MCAS El Toro site Skinner and Pavhk 1994b
No special interest plant species are expected to occur on the MCAS El Toro site outside the Habitat Reserve due to the hmited extent of the native habitat in those areas of the site

The special interest plant species expected or known to occur in the Habitat Reserve are Catalina mariposa lily Caloch0 Tz f c zae intermediate mariposa lily Calochor s
weedii var intemediur prostrate spineflower Chorizanthe procumbens slender horned
spinefower Dodecahemu Zeptuceras and Palmer's grappling hook Harpagorzella palmeri

Special fnterest Wildlife Species
Large parts of the MCAS EI Tore site support a relatively low diversity of native wildlife species However agricultural areas and disturbed non native grasslands can provide
resources for special interest wildlife species primarily foraging opportunities for certain species of raptors adapted to open habitats Due to the lack of any substantial native
habitats no directed surveys were conducted for special interest wildlife species on the MCAS El Toro site outside the Habitat Reserve A relatively small area of Venturan Diegan
sage scrub is present on a knoll west of the Agua Chinon drainage in the vicinity of the military housing This habitat is currently occupied by California gnatcatchers In addition
a pair of gnatcatchers was observed during one site visit along a slope cunnecting the knoll with the Agua Chinon drainage Although this slope supports some disturbed sage scrub
vegetation it is considered only marginally suitable for permanent occupation by gnatcatchers due to its extremely confined distribution the relative abundance of non native
vegetation and the immediately surrounding land uses
Also at the location described above the Agua Chinon drainage supports limited riparian habitat It is considered only marginally suitable however for special interest wildlife
species such as the least Bell's vireo due in part to its overall structure degree of isolation and limited extent

The wildlife species in Table 4.9 4 are known expected or have limited potential to occur in the Habit Reserve and are included in the list of target and identified species receiving
regulatory coverage under the Central and Coastal Subregion NCCP Target species are those considered primary indicator species of healthy tictioning CSS habitat the focus of
the NCCP piIot program These species are expected to benefit from the inclusion of the Habitat Reserve in the reserve design for the Central Subarea of the NCCP

Biological Resources County of Orange EIR No 573 108
108 Page 109 110
In addition to these species severdl other special interest wildlife species identified in Table 4.9 3 are expected to benefit from the inclusion of the Habitat Reserve in the NCCP reserve
design The Biological Resources Technical Report Appendix H discusses the status distribution and habitat requirements for these other species in detail

Table 4.9 4 Wildlife Species Known Expected Or With Limited Potential to Occur in the
Habitat Reserve

Coastal westem whiptail Orange throated whiptail
Sam Bernardino ringneck snake Rosy boa
Red diamond rattlesnake Mrimmb
San Diego desert woodrat Coyote
Gray fox

I I ~ ~ I I ~ I
Northern harrier

Sharpshinned hawk Golden eagle
American Peregrine falcon
FVairie falcon Southwestern willow flycatcher

Coastal California gnatcatcher Coastal cactus wren
Least Bell's video Southern California rufous crowned sparrow

Wildlife Movement Corridors
There is no substantial wildlife movement corridor on the MCAS El Toro site outside the Habitat Reserve as there is no functional wildlife habitat to provide such movement
However there are local free ranging mammals that do frequent the MCAS El Toro site Coyotes skunks and raccoons are observed and numerous tracks are found Due to its
proximity to the Habitat Reserve and NCCP land to the north the MCAS El Toro site does provide some dispersal opportunities

The Habitat Reserve adjacent to the MCAS El Toro site is surrounded on three sides by urban or agricultural uses Until recently open space was continuous from the Habitat
Reserve northeast to Lomas de Santiago Construction of the FTC immediately northeast of the Habitat Reserve created a barrier to wildlife movement in this area although there are
culverts that potentially allow wildlife movement under this road Movement between the Habitat Reserve and open space to the north is not expected to be affected by the FTC for

highly mobile wildlife species such as birds but the FTC does present an obstacle for less mobile species such as reptiles

County of Orange EIR No 573 Biological Resources 109
109 Page 110 111
During surveys of the Habitat Reserve USFWS 1993 mule deer were observed on multiple occasions before the construction of the FTC and a residential development in this
area Coyotes were seen sporadically through the survey period which may indicate that wildlife corridors to the Habitat Reserve are still available for this important species The
elimination of coyotes from patches of habitats in urban areas of southern California has been associated with population increases of mesopredators such as the feral cat and gray
fox which have resulted in higher levels of predation for many bird species Soule et al 1988 The continued presence of the coyote in the Habitat Reserve assists in maintaining
the biological integrity of this high quality wildlife habitat
Prior to construction of the FTC it was believed that Agua Chinon and Borrego Canyon Washes potentially functioned as locally important wildlife movement corridors between the
Habitat Reserve and Lomas de Santiago These washes now cross under the FTC in culverts that appear to be designed for water conveyance only The north entrance to the culvert at
Agua Chinon Wash is below surface level is surrounded by a chain link fence and has an apron of rocks at its mouth to reduce the level of silt flowing downstream into the culvert
Based on existing conditions in these areas it appears that the washes and culverts crossing under the FTC do not currently function as wildlife movement corridors

4.9.3.2 John Wayne Airport
Overview
The JWA site and the surrounding Santa Ana Heights community are highly developed and urbanized and contain very little remaining undeveloped land or biological resources Other
environmental documents have disclosed the low habitat quality and developed nature of JWA and immediate vicinity These documents include EIR No 102 and EIR No 508 The
Upper Newport Bay estuarine complex an area characterized regionally for its abundance and diversity of biological resources is approximately one mile to the south and under the
JWA departure corridor The Newport Beach Golf Course is an executive golf course south of JWA and north of Newport Bay This Golf Course consists of manufactured fairways and
ornamental landscaping which do not provide important biological resources or values

Vegetation
The major habitat classifications at JWA include disturbed annual grassland ruderal and urban landscaped ornamental The majority of urbanized habitat at JWA consists of nonnative
grassland ruderal and landscaped habitats and developed areas including the runways tarmacs terminal buiIdings roads and parking areas

Due to the poor quality of native habitat directly associated with JWA and the area immediately surrounding this site the number of different types of native wildlife is very
low Only species capable of living adjacent to human habitation occur in the immediate
area Developed and disturbed land is not capable of supporting large numbers or diversity

Biological Resources County of Orange EIR No 573 110
110 Page 111 112
of species Introduced species and feral animals are common throughout the airport site many of which prey on the few remaining native species Non native and urban birds such
as the house sparrow house finch Brewer's blackbird rock dove mourning dove and European starling are common Other common species include western fence lizard and
southern alligator lizard Mammals such as the California ground squirrel Botta's pocket gopher long tailed weasel Audubon's cottontail Virginia opossum and striped skunk are
known to inhabit open fields and dense shrubs in the area Some introduced species such as the house mouse Norway rat black rat feral house cat Felis catus feral dog Canis
domesticics and the eastern red fox Vulpies vulpies may also be present Other species that may be present but not common include the coyote red tailed hawk American kestrel
barn owl and white tailed kite

Special Interest Species
Special Interest Plant Species
No special interest plant species occur on the JWA site due to the lack of native habitat on this site

Special Interest Wildlife Species
Due to a general lack of native habitats at JWA and the highly disturbed condition of the open space areas on this site there is only very limited potential for any special interest
wildlife species to occur on this site The open field areas especially in locations away from heavy activity may occasionally be used by certain raptor species These may include
white tailed kite northern harrier ferruginous hawk merlin prairie falcon and American peregrine falcon which would be limited in occurrence to infrequent migrants or nonbreeding
winter visitors Long billed curlew may also occasionally occur as a nonbreeding winter visitor In addition there may be limited potential for the occurrence of
burrowing owl and loggerhead shrike in open areas with minimal human activity Detailed discussions regarding the status distribution and habitat requirements for these species are
provided in the Biological Resources Technical Report Appendix H

Upper Newport Bay
Vegetation Habitat
Upper Newport Bay represents a complex estuarine habitat which is considered regionally important for its biological resources particularly marine and bird wildlife Although the

Bay itself is surrounded by heavily urbanized uses it has not been significantly impacted by these land uses and continues to operate as a highly productive and stable ecosystem
Vegetation communities at the Upper Newport Bay are shown on Figure 4.9 5

County of Orange EIR No 573 Biological Resources 111
111 Page 112 113
Wildlife
Each wildlife component of the Newport Bay ecosystem is diverse and contains many members There are over 6 1 species of fish seven species of amphibians 15 species of
reptiles 24 species of mammals and over 200 species of birds in this system The main indicator species of each class are described in the following sections

The most common species of fish in Newport Bay include topsmelt Atherinops c zjs deepbody anchovy Anchovu cumpressu striped muHet Mugil cephhs and round
stingray UroZupIzzcs hallerj Coastal species that use the Bay seasonally for spawning and as a nursery include the spotted sand bass Paralabrax macularos s yellow fin croaker
Umbripla runcadur California halibut Paralichrhys cal rnicus and Pacific barracuda Spkyraene urgent Specialist fish adapted for life in the muclflats and marshes in the
Bay include the long jawed mudsucker GjZZichthys mirabilus California killifish Fzmdzhs parvipinnis and gobys ierula y cuuda Clevehdeaius

Amphibians are restricted to the freshwater portions of marshes and drainages in Newport Bay Up to seven species are present the most common include the Pacific slender
salamander Batrachuseps LJ YWZUS Pacific tree frog and the western toad Introduced species such as African clawed frogs Xenopus Levis present a threat to many native
aquatic species in the area
Over 15 reptiles are present in the Newport Bay terrestrial system including common species such as the side blotched lizard western fence lizard southern alligator lizard and the gopher
snake The San Diego horned lizard coastal western whiptail orange tbroated whiptail and coast patch nosed snake are some of the uncommon reptiles potentially present in the Bay
system
The extensive wetland system in Upper Newport Bay is well known for its significance in supporting a high diversity of bird species Birds are the most visible and abundant
vertebrate group in the Bay with well over 200 species recorded The highest numbers and variety occur between late fall and spring when the population of wintering shorebirds and
waterfowl may number well into the tens of thousands Upper Newport Bay is considered a regionally important stopover for migratory birds along the Pacific Flyway and is the largest
coastal estuary in southern California
The saltmarsh and mudflats provide foraging habitat for such common to abundant species as the northern pintail Anas acufa American wigeon Ams americana black bellied
plover Phviah squutarola American avocet Recwvirastra americana willet Catuptruphorus semipalmatus marbled godwit Limosa fedoa short billed dowitcher
Lhnudromus griseus various sandpipers California gull Laws califurnicus Forster's tern Sterna fursteri and several species of egrets and herons Songbirds common to this
habitat include marsh wren Cistuthorus pahstris common yellowthroat Geuthlypis ~ickas and song sparrow MeZuspiza mebdia Open water areas are frequented by several
varieties of grebes double crested cormorant FhaZacrucurax auritus and diving ducks such as lesser scamp Aythya ujJnis bufIIehead ep u albeola and ruddy duck

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Oxytm jumuicensis The upland areas of the Ecological Reserve provide habitat for Anna's hummingbird CuErpte mu Bewick's wren Thryonmes bewickii black phoebe
zyo is nigricanr yellow rum warbler Dendroica coronata and lesser goldfinch Curduelis psultriu Upper Newport Bay provides important habitat for many special
interest birds including several threatened and endangered species as described in the following section

More than 24 mammal species are present or expected to be present in the Upper Newport Bay area Marsh inhabitants include the western harvest mouse Reithrodontmzys
megalMs and California vole Microti californicus Common upland species include the California ground squirrel Botta's pocket gopher and Audubon cottontail Other mammals
include coyote racoon IVoq on or gray fox and long tailed weasel Introduced mammals include the eastern red fox f l house cats feral dogs the house mouse black
rat and the Norway rat
Special Interest Plant Species
Several special interest plant species are known to occur in the Upper Newport Bay as referenced Skinner and Pavlik 1994b However Upper Newport Bay is well outside any
physical changes or operational impacts anticipated to occur to special interest plant species as a result of the Proposed Project Therefore specific information on plant species and
their status in Upper Newport Bay is not provided in this EIR

Special Interest Wildlife Species
Special interest bird species are known to occur at Upper Newport Bay Special interest bird species include the California brown pelican American peregrine falcon black rail lightfooted
clapper rail California Least tern California gnatcatcher and Belding's Savannah sparrow Figure 4.9 6 shows the locations of special interest wildlife species at JWA and
Upper Newport Bay For a detailed species account refer to the Biological Resources Technical Report Appendix H

4.9.4 Methodology
The initial biological resources data used in the analysis of the potential impacts of the Proposed Project were obtained from the Orange County Wildlife Geographic Information
System GIS In addition the drainages on the MCAS El Toro site were surveyed by P D Consultants in fall winter 1998 1999

Directed field surveys were conducted in 1996 and 1998 by KEA Environmental to evaluate listed and or special interest wildlife species as identified by the California Endangered Species
Act CESA and Federal Endangered Species Act ESA Directed surveys were conducted for the San Diego fairy shrimp Branckinec sapldiegonensis Riverside fairy shrimp arroyo
southwestern toad Bufo microscu z cali fornicus and the coastal California gnatcatcher The more current surveys conducted for the two fairy shrimp species and the arroyo toad
were as a result of recent discoveries in the distributions of these species and or changes in

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their listing statuses Surveys for the coastal CaIifomia gnatcatcher were conducted to update their cirremt status in the Habitat Reserve These species were surveyed due to the
avao ab e habitat present in the Habitat Reserve
Field survey information on JWA and Upper Newport Bay was obtained f rp foma EIR 508 and the Final Emvorpm emta Impact Statememt for the John Wayne Airport Master Plan
CH2M Hill 1985 in which the principal ecological overviews were conducted by Frey et al 1970 and the CDFG 1983 among others

Scientific nomenclature in this EIR follows standard references including Holland 1986 and the Orange County GIS mapping for vegetation communities and Hickman 1993 for
plants Common names of plants are from Munz 1974 or Abrams 1923 and 1960 when not available in Hickman The vegetation map of the Habitat Reserve was obtained from
Orange County GIS mapping County of Orange 1995 A list of plant species known to occur in the Habitat Reserve based on previous documentation is provided in Appendix H1
in the Biological Resources Technical Report Appendix H Records from previous wildlife studies and accounts were reviewed

Expected wildlife use of the MCAS El Toro site was determined through habitat analysis in combination with the known habitat preferences of wildlife species During field surveys
attention was focused on areas containing or potentially containing habitat for special interest species Vertebrate taxonomy used in this report conforms to Stebbins 1985 for
reptiles and amphibians the American ornithologists Union AOU 1983 1989 1995 for birds and Jones et al 1982 for mammals A list of wildlife species known to occur in the
Habitat Reserve based on previous documentation is provided in Appendix H l in the Biological Resources Technical Report Appendix H

4.9.5 Thresholds of Significance
CEQA Guidelines Section 15065 defines certain significance criteria for biological impacts In addition CEQA Guidlines Appendix G provides assistance in determining whether a
Proposed Project's impacts are significant under CEQA Using this information other regulatory standards and local policies the impacts of the Proposed Project or the alternatives
will have a significant effect on the environment related to biological resources if they will
l Substantially degrade the quality of the environment substantially reduce the habitat of fish
or wildlife species cause a fish or wildlife population to drop below self sustaining levels
threaten to eliminate a plant or animal community reduce the number or restrict the range of an endangered rare or threatened species

l Directly or through habitat modifications have a substantial adverse effect on any species
identified as a candidate sensitive or special status species in local or regional plans policies or refulations or by the CDFG or the US'S

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Have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans policies regulations or by the CDFG or
USFWS
Have a substantial adverse eflect on federally protected wetian as defined by Section 404 of the Clean Water Act in ding but not limited to marsh vernal pools coastal resouTces
etc through direct removal Zing hydrolugical interruption or other means S c kal y zfthe Proposed Project removes orjZls a cumulative total of 3.0 acres or more of Waters of
the United States and wetland or 500 linear feet or more of unchunneIi zed streambed
Interfere substantially with the movement of any native resiknt or migrato sh or wildIife species or with established native resident or migratory wildIife corridors or
impedes the use of native wildl e nursery sites

Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resouTces such as u tree preservation policy or ordinance

Conflict with the provisions of an adopted HCP NCCF or other approved local regional or state habitat conservation plan
An evaluation of impacts using these criteria must consider the resource and its extent and distribution locally and regionally For instance the loss of an important resource such as a
popukion of a rare plant would be considered an adverse impact Determining if this impact would be significant depends on whether or not this loss would be substantial with respect to
the local or regional extent of this species

4.9.5.1 Project Features
The Proposed Project includes a Wildlife Habitat Area habitat area along the east side of the MCAS El Toro site This Wildlife Habitat Area will establish a core habitat area for
sensitive species throughout the length of the site As a result the Wildlife Habitat Area will provide valuable habitat for sensitive species and opportunities for animal movement in
this area There is no existing substantial wildlife movement on the MCAS El Toro site The Wildlife Habitat Area provides a buffer between natural areas and existing and planned
Iand uses on the MCAS El Toro site and enhances the biological productivity of the natural areas on and in the vicinity of the site

The Wildlife Habitat Area originates at the boundary of the 970 acre Habitat Reserve to the north and is aligned through the MCAS El Toro site along its eastern boundary and then
terminates to the south at the I 5 Freeway The Wildlife Habitat Area is an estimated 140 acres is 15,000 feet long and averages 400 feet in width Specifically the Wildlife Habitat
Area is located in Planning Areas 3 l 3 13d 3 15b 3 l 3 15d 7 l 7 15b and 7 T5g as shown on the Airport and Open Space Plan The Wildlife Habitat Area has been
identified to provide wildlife habitat and to support coastal sage scrub species such as the coasti California gnatcatcher This effort would include the need to establish coastal sage

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scrub plant species that comprise the native indigenous plant communities that typically occur in local coastal sage scrub
The development of the habitat area would be consistent with the FAA standards for minimizing wildlife contact with aircraft To ensure that the habitat area is compatible with
aviation operations adequate fencing is needed and artificial marshes and wetlands will not be created For discussion regarding FAA standards and applicable Advisory Circulars
refer to Section 4.15 Public Health and Safety
There are no impacts to existing streambeds or drainages as a result of the Wildlife Habitat Area creation and no permits or agreements are anticipated as a result No modifications
are anticipated to existing engineered features such as roads or flood control conveyance facilities

The Wildlife Habitat Area is a component of Phase 4 of the Proposed Project and final engineering design will be completed prior to commencement of this phase A Resource
Management Plan MP will be prepared during the final design The RMP till address potential operational and maintenance issues and ensure that the Wildlife Habitat Area is
fimctional and compatible with airport operations The RMP would provide guidance fur addressing buffer zones signage fencing weed abatement nighttime lighting park
activities vegetation and wildlife monitoring and reporting gregarious bird activity vandalism human use access and coordination activities with the Habitat Reserve For
example nighttime lighting may be equipped with specific shielding to reduce or avoid light spillage into the Wildlife Habitat Area Specific activities identified for the establishment
and tracking of the coastal sage scrub environment includes the following

clearing and grubbing contour grading
topsoil stockpiling as needed weed removal eradication
fence installation seeding and planting i e hydroseed imprint container plant installation
temporary irrigation maintenance
monitoring
These activities would apply to a number of the reaches throughout the MCAS El Toro Site that comprise the Wildlife Habitat Area These reaches include the southern boundary of the
Habitat Reserve to Irvine Boulevard Irvine Boulevard to Astor Road Astor Road south along the Borrego Wash Channel to the railroad crossing the railroad crossing to the Alton
and Banxnca Intersection and along Serrano Creek to the underpass at the I 5 Freeway

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The clearing and grubbing component prepares the area for either contour grading or actual
seeding and planting Agricultural areas turfed areas or otherwise undeveloped land would be subject to such site preparation activities The contour grading would be conducted to

create a natural d appearance and provide some obstruction to direct line of sight for screening purposes

Where appropriate some topsoil stockpiling may be appropriate in areas that have an abundance of weeds suspected to include a substantive bank of weed seeds These
undesirable stockpiles would be removed f om the area Alternatively where there may be some contour grading it might be appropriate to stockpile topsoil for respreading tier the
grading is completed
An aggressive weed removal eradication program is essential during the maintenance and
establishment period It might also be appropriate to undertake some preventative weed removal prior to seeding and planting to reduce the weed seed bank on the site

Fence installation will be undertaken at appropriate locations to channel wildlife and will be coordinated with airport fencing needs
Seeding and planting will be supplemented with irrigation as needed Temporary irrigation would be provided to suppIement natural rainfall as appropriate Irrigation will be
monitored and designed to minimize the growth of summertime weedy species
Maintenance and monitoring efforts will be coordinated to control invasive weeds and to provide oppmtun for plant establishment without excessive competition from non native
species
The Wildlife Habitat Area will connect the Habitat Reserve with the Serrano Creek culvert underpass between the I 5fi 405 Interchange and Bake Parkway The primary component of
the Wildlife Habitat Area includes extensive native vegetation providing upland cover and foraging opportunities A major focus will be the provision of CSS plant species to provide
habitat to support key sensitive species dependent on CSS such as the coastal California gnatcatcher This primary component is predominantly a native vegetation restoration and
enhancement program which includes features to support wildlife in this part of Orange County The second component provides habitat and open space features compatible with
the primary components in the adjacent uses on the site such as the golf course regional park and ag ura l areas

4.9.6 Project Impacts
4.9.6.1 MCAS El Tom Site and the Adjacent Federal Habitat Reserve

The Proposed Project will not result in significant adverse impacts on native plant communities wildlife dispersion corridors or special interest species on the MCAS EI Tore
site The direct impacts of site preparation and construction will remove very limited native
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plant material which is not considered significant due to the small acreage and isolated occurrence There will be a permanent loss of agriculture on the MCAS El Toro site under
the Proposed Project which does provide some foraging opportunities for raptors although this is not considered to be a significant adverse biological resources impact The loss of
agricultural land and soils is discussed in detail later in Section 4.11
The 20 acre parcel adjacent to the federal Habitat Reserve is a part of the Proposed Project This 20 acre parcel will be conveyed to the County for inclusion in the NCCP HCP Reserve
There are no project related impacts to this parcel This parcel will be protected in place Development and activity within these parcels will be limited to that which is necessary to
maintain the protection of natural vegetation and wildlife Access to the site will be limited to authorized personnel

There are no significant adverse impacts identified to any listed threatened or endangered species under the Proposed Project The incorporation of the Habitat Reserve into the Central
and Coastal Subregion NCCP HCP provides for the protection of listed and other special interest species

Direct impacts at the MCAS El Tom Site and the Adjacent Federal Habitat Reserve
Outside the Habitat Reserve there were 1,086 acres leased for agricultural uses in the early 1990s USDA 1991 Based on current activities an estimated 758 acres on the MCAS El
Toro site are being used for agricukural production The direct impacts of the Proposed Project on the MCAS El Toro site will primarily be limited to the loss of approximately 620
acres out of the total of approximately 758 acres of existing agricultural fields and their associated wildlife species discussed earlier

Agricultural areas generally do not support habitats that provide substantial resources for most native wildlife species However some wildlife species have specialized ecological
requirements that agricultural areas can meet such as foraging opportunities for raptor species Therefore the loss of the existing agricultural areas on the MCAS El Toro site
under the Proposed Project particularly the 243 acres in Planning Area 7 will result in impacts associated with the loss of foraging habitat for several bird of prey species The loss
of 620 acres of potential foraging habitat for raptors potentially including special interest species such as northern harrier ferruginous hawk merlin American peregrine falcon and
mountain plover is an adverse impact of the Proposed Project However this impact is not considered significant because these agricultural habitats are not native habitats and there is
substantial existing foraging habitat available in other open space agricultural disturbed and grassland areas on and in the vicinity of the MCAS El Toro site including the Habitat
Reserve In addition potential special interest species on the MCAS El Toro site such as those identified above would be expected to occur infkequently or in very small numbers
Therefore the Proposed Project will not result in significant adverse direct impacts on special interest species as a result of the removal of 620 acres of agricultural uses

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There are other open space areas on the MCAS El Toro site outside the Habitat Reserve and the 138 acres of agricultural land that will remain under the Proposed Project These other
areas include the grassy areas and maintained open spaces between the runways taxiways and ancillary pavement Low growing annual grasses will be maintained although no
irrigation is proposed This would result in the establishment and perpetuation of non native grasses in the airport safety zones and open spaces on the airfield Although some of these
open space areas may continue to provide foraging opportunities for raptors these opportunities would be considered minimal due to substantial airport related activities and
the limited prey base that would be expected in these areas
Potential direct impacts may occur on nesting raptor species on the MCAS El Toro site outside the Habitat Reserve Raptors that may potentially nest on the site include the redtailed
hawk red shouldered hawk American kestrel barn owl and burrowing owl Raptor nest locations may potentially occur anywhere on the MCAS El Tore Typical settings that
may support raptor nest sites include large trees either isolated or in clusters especially where adjacent to open space areas including the airport runways and golf course Barn
owls may potentially nest in vacant buildings and burrowing owls may nest in the agricultural areas or open fields Potential impacts may occur from direct rem0va I of active
nest sites or from substantial construction related activities in the immediate vicinity of an active nest The failure of an active raptor nest would be considered an adverse impact of
the Proposed Project These potential adverse impacts on raptors can be substantially reduced by maintaining a 1,000 foot buffer between construction activities and nesting mptors as
described later in the mitigation measures incorporated in the Proposed Project
Phasing impacts will not be substantially fewer than build out of the project because virtually all of the impacts e g loss of agricultural lands demolition etc will occur in Phase 1 In
addition the impacts of the Base Transition Plan BTP will not be substantial because the BTP contemplates limited continuation of uses or uses that are consistent with historical uses or
activities at the El Toro site The BTP is limited to existing buildings facilities or uses and therefore will not impact habitats or agricultural uses beyond existing conditions

indirect impacts at the MCAS El Tom Site and the Adjacent Federal Habitat Reserve
Overview of Indirect Impacts
Biological resources on the MCAS El Toro site that may experience indirect impacts as a result of the Proposed Project are primarily limited to resources along Siphon Ridge or along
the aircraft approach corridor in the San Joaquin Hills Biological resources in the adjacent federal Habitat Reserve may also experience indirect impacts as a result of the Proposed
Project Potential impacts may occur as a result of the construction of the cultural institutional area in the northeast part of the MCAS El Toro site near the Habitat
Reserve These indirect impacts may consist of construction dust and noise However these potential impacts will primarily occur at distances greater than 500 feet from the
boundary of the Habitat Reserve and as a result these potential indirect impacts on

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biological resources would be minimized and not considered significant under the Proposed Project
Potential short term indirect impacts on wildlife may consist of construction dust motion continual exposure to non native plants and animals and increased human presence These
impacts are expected to be greatest during the site preparation and earthwork associated with the institutional uses in the existing military housing area Once construction is complete
indirect impacts are not expected to be substantially different from 1998 existing conditions The effects of noise motion and startle impacts on wildlife resulting from direct aircraft
overflights were discussed earlier These impacts are not considered significant
Indirect impacts resulting from direct aircraft overflights will occur in some of the foothill areas north of the MCAS El Toro site under the Proposed Project as described later in this
Section These indirect impacts will primarily consist of noise and potentialIy bird strikes Collisions between birds and airplanes are rare but bird strikes can occur where large
numbers of birds especially flocks are present Birds are attracted to water food and shelter and where concentrations of these resources are available large numbers of birds
may be present Refer to Sections 4.15 Public Health and Safety for discussion regarding bird strikes and 4.4 Noise for additional discussion regarding potential noise impacts

lndirec t impacts Ass a ted with Aircraft Overfiigh ts
There are substantial native habitats north northeast and south of the MCAS El Toro site that may be subject to indirect impacts resulting from aircraR overflights These indirect
impacts wil1 consist of noise and potentially startle effects on nesting birds such as the coastal California gnatcatcher The majority of the areas north of the FTC and many areas
northeast and southwest of the Eastern Transportation Corridor ETC are incIuded in the reserve design for the NCCP These foothills include Siphon Ridge parts of Rattlesnake
Canyon Loma Ridge Hicks Canyon Limestone Canyon and parts of Bee Round and the majority of Agua Chinon Canyons These watersheds include a full complement of
biological resources including the listed federally threatened coastaI California gnatcatcher Most of the other surrounding areas do not contain biological resources in proximity to the
MCAS El Toro site under existing or projected flight paths except for some areas in the San Joaquin Hills

Due to an increase in aircraft operations and runway use at the MCAS EI Toro there will be a change in noise exposure in the surrounding area The general subject of noise effects on
wildlife was reviewed by Brattstrom 1982 Memphis State University 1971 Fletcher and Busnel 1978 and the National Academy of Sciences 1970 Noise may affect wildlife in
three principal ways signal masking hearing loss or neuroendocrine system changes Signal masking and hearing loss may adverseIy af5ect species that rely on auditory signals
for activities such as mate acquisition territory establishment and defense young recognition prey detection and predator evasion Neuroendocrine system effects include
changes in blood chemistry sexual function auditory function and seizure susceptibility The extent and nature of noise induced effects depend on a number of variables including

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intensity fkquency spectrum duration rest intervals exposure pattern and species susceptibility
The reaction of sensitive species to noise is not easy to define or predict These reactions can be extremely dependent on the season eculogical niches animal population density stages of
life physical activities and physical parameters of the noise Fletcher and Busnel 1978 For purposes of the impact analysis the noise criterion used for assessing noise impacts is the Aweighted
Leq Human and bird ear frequency responses have been compared to support the use of the A weighted scale in assessing noise impacts on birds The results of ear frequency
response studies for humans and birds were obtained from Hearing in Vertebrates a Psychophysics Databook Richard R Fay 1988 and were presented in the form of audiograms
fi equency vs dB SFL The data indicate that humans and birds are most sensitive to noise in the 1,000 Hz frequency range For a detailed discussion of noise metrics refer to Section 4.4
Noise
However for frequencies less than 1,000 Hz bird hearing is slightly less sensitive Aircr noise components are highest for frequencies less than 1,000 Hz Thus it appears that birds are
slightly less sensitive than humans to aircdt noise With this in mind the Leq scale in
conjunction with A weighting although most appropriate for assessing noise impacts on humans can effectively be used to qua potential worst case noise impacts on birds as well

as other species
The use of the 60 Leq criteria was developed for use in assessing trafIic noise TrafEc noise however is generally a steady state or near steady state noise In contrast noise from aircraft
operating at an airport is marked by high single event noise peaking in an event with a duration on the order of 45 seconds followed by rather low ambient noise levels Thus for an aircraft
exposure of 60 Leq there will be a substantial amount of time during which the noise level will be less than 60 dBA

Relatively few investigations have been conducted specifically addressing the effects of aircraft related noise on wildlife Most concentrated on the effects of traf5c and sonic booms Much of
the information presented in the investigations is anecdotal in nature and few controlled or systematic studies are available

Although there are exceptions reported in the literature the general conclusion reached by investigators is that both subsonic flight noise and sonic booms have very little effect on
wildlife behavior or survival and that the manifested behavioral effects are almost always short term in nature followed by rapid and complete recovery and resumption of normal behavior
Casidy and Lehman 1967 Bond 1970 Welch and Welch 1970 Cottereau 1972 Espmark et al 1974 Ewbank 1977 Busnel 1978 Species and taxonomic groups examined generally
exhibit a high degree of habitation to non threatening noise sources Moreover even in a noisy environment many species possess highly developed discriminatory capabilities allowing
them to circumvent the adverse effects of signal masking Burger 198 1 reported no effects of subsonic aircraft overflights on nesting gulls at Jamaica Bay Recreational area which is within
two kilometers of Kennedy National Airport Dunnet 1977 examined the effects of helicopter and fixed wing aircrafk overflights on breeding seabirds in the North Sea and found that

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breeding and incubating birds were unaffected Kushlan 1979 reported similar results with wading birds in south Florida JehI and Cooper 1978 investigating the potential effects of
space shuttle sonic booms on seabirds experimentally exposed Brandt's cormorants and western gulls on the California Channel Islands to explosions in excess of 130 dI3 No
significantly negative results were encountered Ellis 1981 working with several species of raptors reported considerable tolerances to fight noise and sonic booms produced by low level
subsonic military jets Although alann reactions were often elicited by aircraft closer than 300 meters the negative responses were brief and never productively limiting

In an unpublished abstract Awbry and Hunsacker 1997 referenced in the Final Report for Califomia Gnatcatcher Research and Summary of the Population Dynamics Dispersal and
Demography of California Gnatcatchers in Orange County California 1999 Progress Report certain conclusions were made The number of nest attempts and number of eggs laid showed

weak negative correlations with high sound levels associated with fix wing military aircm suggesting that gnatcatches may build fewer nests and lay fewer eggs in noisier areas no
detectable influence of military aircraft noise a nests were established and eggs laid was observed Gnatcatchers successllly nested in places where average sound levels exceeded 80
dB for several hours each day
Historic Marine Corps aviation uses including a range of aviation related acfivities within the scope boundaries and noise contours of the 1981 AICUZ study for MCAS El Tore created
substantial noise levels and impacts but these noise levels and impacts have not adversely affected NCCP target species in the 970 acre Habitat Reserve or nearby areas on the tintal
slopes of Lomas Ridge both of which are included in the NCCP Central subarea reserve system Rather given the long history of MCAS El Toro as an active military base NCCP
target species in the 970 acre Habitat Reserve and nearby areas are by now habituated to aircraft overflights and any unusually sensitive species have long since undergone consequent
population adjustments or extirpation Therefore consistent with the NCCP HCP Agreement any future aviation use of the MCAS El Toro site that does not generate CNEL noise levels in
the 970 acre Habitat Reserve in the NCCP reserve area greater than those identified in the 1981 AICUZ study for MCAS El Toro will be determined to be consistent with the NCCPHCP and
therefore no conditions or opposition to such aviation uses s will be proposed or required by USFWS or CDFG

The following sections discuss noise exposure changes under the Proposed Project and their expected impacts on wildlife

Definition of SEL and CNEL
Aircraft noise exposure can be measured in terms of Single Event Noise SEL or Community Noise Equivalent Level CNEL SEL represents a single overflight from a
specific aircraft type and is sensitive to both the intensity and the duration of noise but only for that single event CNEL is an annual average of noise that is representative for all
aircraft types

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Single Event Noise Exposure Level SENEL or Sound Exposure Lever SEL
The SENEL is essentially equivalent to the Sound Exposure Level SEL metric It is computed from dBA sound levels This metric takes into account the maximum noise level
and duration of the event Single event metrics are convenient for describing noise from individual aircraft events This metric is useful in that airport noise models contain aircraft
noise curve data based on the SEL metric
Community Noise Equivalent Level CNEL
Cumulative noise metrics were developed to assess community response to noise They are useM because they attempt to include the loudness and duration of the noise the total
number of noise events and the time of day these events occur into one single number rating scale They are designed to account for the known health effects of noise on people CNEL
is a 24 hour time weighted energy average noise level based on dBA that measures the overall noise during an entire day Noise that occurs during certain sensitive time periods is
penalized for occurring at these times In the CNEL scale noise bemeen 7 p m and 10 p m is penalized by approximately 5 dB to account for greater potential for noise to cause
communication interference during these hours as well as typically lower ambient noise levels during these hours Noise during the night from 10 p m to 7 am is penalized by 10
dB to attempt to account for the higher sensitivity to noise in the nighttime and the expected further decrease in the background noise levels that typically occur in the night CNEL is
specified for use in the California Airport Noise Regulations and is used by local planning agencies in their General PIan Noise Elements for land use compatibility planning

This discussion compares the existing noise with noise levels under the Proposed Project To evaluate the noise exposure resulting from these scenarios specific noise sensitive
receptors were modeled for Siphon Ridge SRl SR2 the Habitat Reserve HRl HR2 the San Joaquin Hills Receptors SJl SJ2 and Upper Newport Bay Ecological Reserve
Receptors BBl BB2 BB3 These receptor locations are shown on Figure 4.9 7 The noise exposure at these receptors under existing conditions and the Proposed Project are
shown on Table 4.9 5
Noise Profiles of Potential Impact Locations
Aircraft flight patterns that potentially have some indirect impact on wildlife particuhrly for the California gnatcatcher would cur from operations associated with Runways 7 and 34
to the east and to the north respectively To a more limited extent there are also potential indirect impacts from the approach to Runway 34 in the San Joaquin Hills Historically
military jets departed fiorn Runway 34 to the north and then generally made their left turns just past the intersection of Sand Canyon Avenue and Irvine Boulevard However there
have occasionally been direct overflights at Siphon Ridge

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Table 4.9 5 Noise Exposure for Bialogical Resource Receptor Locations
Siphon Ridge
At Siphon Ridge there is a substantial population of coastal California gnatcatchers that has been subjected to military aircraft noise for many years The population apparently
increased in recent years approximately 1990 to 1995 at this location based on data collected from the surveys associated with the ETC and FTC toll road projects and the
NCCP
CNEL Measurements at Siphon Ridge The existing noise environment at Siphon Ridge
is dominated by vehicuku traffic using the ETC and until July 1999 by military overflights Specifically the 1998 CNEL values at Siphon Ridge for military aircraft have been

estimated at 56.0 dBA for Receptor SRl and 57.9 dBA for SR2 CNEL values for the Proposed Project have been estimated at 67.6 for SRl and 65.3 for SR2 The CNEL
difference of an estimated 10 dE A from existing conditions to conditions with the Proposed Project is a substantial change and does represent a substantial difference in noise levels
from 1998 conditions The increase in CNEL values is illustrated by the configuration of the noise contours for the 1998 existing conditions compared with those for the Proposed
Project as described in detail in the Noise Technical Report Appendix E
The CNEL values at Siphon Ridge increase substantially Corn 1998 to the noise exposure under the Proposed Project This increased CNEL however does not exceed other recently
reported CNEL values that have occurred from the MCAS El Toro site in recent years 1994 in other nearby coastal California gnatcatcher occupied habitat For example as reported in
EIR No 563 CNEL values of 68.8 were reported at noise receptor location ET2 in and immediately adjacent to the Habitat Reserve The Habitat Reserve includes the largest and
most concentrated populations of coastal California gnatcatcher in the Central Subarea of the NCCP reserve design Consequently the CNEL value of 67.6 for the Proposed Project does
not exceed those noise exposure values already reported in a larger more dense local

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gnatcatcher population The projected noise increase is within the range of CNEL values that has already been tolerated by other nearby successful local populations of coastal California
gnatcatchers Consequently the increase in CNEL values under the Proposed Project is not expected to have a significant adverse impact on the population of coastal California
gnatcatchers at Siphon Ridge and in proximity to receptors SIU and SR 2
SEL Measurements at Siphon Ridge SEL values at Siphon Ridge for the 1998 existing
conditions are estimated at 100.5 for SRl and 102.4 for SR2 These SEL values are for typical military aircral F 18 departing on Runway 34 Military jets ceased operations at

the MCAS El Toro in July 1999 SEL values for the Proposed Project are estimated at 87.9 for SRl when applying the most frequent overflight 737 aircraB and 98.7 for the less
frequent 747 aircraft The 747 aircraft represents the noisiest aircraft in the fleet mix SEL values are estimated at 87.0 for SR 2 for the 737 and 96.7 for the 747 The quieter
technology of commercial aircraft results in reduced SEL derived noise compared to existing conditions at Siphon Ridge The difference between existing conditions and the
Proposed Project may be considered beneficial but is not expected to result in significant biological benefits or productivity

Habitat Reserve
The NCCP HCP for the Central and Coastal Subregion was developed in cooperation with the USFWS and CDFG to avoid conflicts between the Implementation Agreement and the
reuse planning process for MCAS El Ton and to accommodate future reuse of MCAS El Toro in accordance with the principles and provisions specifically set forth in Sections 8.11
c and d of the Implementation Agreement
The NCCP HCP program addressed noise levels for the Habitat Reserve and the frontal slopes of Lomas Ridge which include Siphon Ridge Siphon Ridge is within the NCCP reserve
system The conclusions reached in the NCCP state
The USFKS and CDFG have found that historic Marine Corps aviutiun uses including u range of aviation related activities within the scope
boundaries and noise cuntuurs of the 1981 AICUZ st y fur MCAS El Tom have created significant noise levels and impacts but that such miss levels
and dmpacts have not adversely uflected NCCP target species within the 1,033 acre urea or nearby ureus on the fiuntul slupes
of Lomas Ridge proposed fur inclusion in the NCCP Central stlbureu Reserve System

Therefure USF WS and CDFG have assured and agreed in Section 8 I I c of the Implement on Agreement thut uny fi re aviation use
of MCAS EI Turu which dues nut generute CNEL noise levels in the 1,033 acre NCCP reserve

urea greater than those identljkd in the 1981 AICUZ stz for MCAS El Toru is consistent with the NCCP CP and thut no conditions or opposition to such

uviutiun will be proposed or required by USFWS or CDFG

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The acreage figure used for the Habitat Rqerve in this EIR 970 acres is based on a recent legal survey of the Habitat Reserve
In response to the NCCP discussion above the future aviation use of the MCAS El Toro site as defined by the Proposed Project has been compared with the 198 1 AICUZ There
are differences between the 198 1 AlCUZ and the Proposed Project noise exposure Noise exposure differences are anticipated as a result of a different aircraft fleet mix and changes
in runway utilization The shape of noise exposure contours would change accordingly and are expected to occur

Figure 4.9 8 illustrates the differences between the 1981 AICUZ 65 dB CNEL contour and the Proposed Project 65 dB CNEL contour The data shown on Figure 4.9 8 are based on
the 1992 NCCP surveys In addition the 1998 burn area from the Santiago Fire is also illustrated The bum area is depicted to better identify actual existing conditions It is
expected that since CSS and other plant communities such as chaparral are adapted to fire and regenerate fkom such events the plant communities will return to pre fire conditionsI
Wildlife habitat values would also be expected to return to pre fire conditions once the diversity structure and cover of the vegetation are restored and sustained The numbers and
distribution of the California gnatcatcher and other species are expected to return to pre fire conditions

As shown on Figure 4.9 8 the 198 I AICUZ 65 dB CNEL contour encompasses a considerably larger area than that for the Proposed Project The areas of most relevance are
those vegetation communities and California gnatcatcher locations at Siphon Ridge Rattlesnake Reservoir the Habitat Reserve and the CSS habitat near Glenn Ranch Road and
Portola Parkway to the east There are no substantive CSS or gnatcatcher locations within either noise exposure contour to the west or to the south

The number of California gnatcatcher singles and pairs as well as the total acreage of CSS within the 65 dB CNEL contours has been calculated The total number of California
gnatcatcher pairs within the 1981 AKUZ 65 dI3 CNEL contour is 80 and the number of single unpaired birds is 18 As can be seen from Figure 4.9 8 these birds occur primarily at
Siphon Ridge and in the Habitat Reserve although some birds also occur near the intersection of Glenn Ranch Road and Portola Parkway In contrast the Proposed Project
includes a total of 67 gnatcatcher pairs within the 65 dI3 CNEL contour and 14 unpaired single birds There are therefore 13 fewer gnatcatcher pairs and four fewer single unpaired
birds within the Proposed Project 65 dB CNEL contour than within the 1981 AICUZ 65 dB CNEL contour

The specific areas where the differences occur as to bird distribution with the noise exposure contours are at Rattlesnake Reservoir Siphon Ridge the Habitat Reserve and the CSS
community near Glenn Ranch Road and Portola Parkway The Proposed Project 65 dB CNEL contour encompasses both paired and unpaired birds at Rattlesnake Reservoir
whereas the 198 1 AICUZ 65 dB CNEL contour does not The Proposed Project 65 dB CNEL contour also encompasses a few pair in Hicks Canyon that the 198 1 AICUZ 65 dB
CNEL does not However the Proposed Project 65 dB CNEL contour encompasses fewer

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paired and unpaired birds in the Habitat Reserve and avoids the paired birds near Glenn Ranch Road and Portola Parkway In summary the Proposed Project 65 dB CNEL contour
although diffkrent from the 1981 AICUZ 65 dB CNEL encompasses fewer paired and unpaired California gnatcatcher locations

The total number of CSS acres within the Proposed Project 65 dB CNEL contour is estimated at 719 The total number of CSS acres within the 1981 AICUZ 65 dB CNEL
contour is estimated at 1,078 This results in 359 fewer acres with the Proposed Project 65 dB CNEL contour than for the 1981 AICUZ 65 dB CNEL contour An estimated 1,3 18
acres of the NCCP reserve are within the CW 65 dB CNEL contour An estimated 1,203 acres of the NCCP reserve are within the 1981 AICUZ 65 dB CNEL

In summary the Proposed Project 65 dB CNEL contour encompasses fewer paired and unpaired California gnatcatchers and fewer CSS acres With this evaluation it is evident
that although the contours are different and impact different areas resources within those contours are fewer under the Proposed Project than for the 1981 AICUZ and is therefore
consistent with the intent of the Implementation Agreement
To the extent that the noise sensitive receptors modeled include CNEL values less than or equal to those identified in the 1981 AICUZ study the USFWS or CDFG would consider the
Proposed Project to be consistent with the NCCPIHCP The CNEL contour values are less than the 1981 AICUZ study for MCAS El Toro at all locations except along Siphon Ridge and at
Rattlesnake Reservoir At Siphon Ridge the CNEL values are estimated to be one or two
CNEL higher than the CNELs for that location associated with the 1981 AICUZ This marginal increase would not be expected to ehcit a negative reaction

California gnatcatchers

CNEL Measurements at the Habitat Reserve The existing noise
Habitat Reserve was dominated by mihtary aircraft noise until July

to breeding coastal
environment in the 1999 The closest
gnatcatcher territories at this location which were recorded during the most recent surveys by KEA Environmental 1996 were within 4,000 feet of Runways 7 25 Birds near and in
the Habitat Reserve have been subjected to military aircraft noise for a number of years Despite these noise levels a significant gnatcatcher population has persisted in the Habitat
Reserve with numbers varying from 68 pairs in 1992 to 56 pairs in 1996 not including nonpaired individuals Specifically the 1998 CNEL values for military aircraft have been
estimated at 70.3 at receptor HRl and 62.8 at HR2 CNEL values for the Proposed Project have been estimated at 72.3 for HRl and 65.7 for HR2 This does not reflect a Substantial
difference in noise levels that would result in biological resource impacts

SEL Measurements at the Habitat Reserve SEL values at the Habitat Reserve for 1998 existing conditions are estimated at 109.4 for HRl and 102.8 for HR2 These SEL
values are for typical mihtary aircraft departing on Runway 7 SEL values for the Proposed Project are estimated at 93.0 for HRl and 88.3 for HR2 when assuming the most frequent
aircraft 737 and 108.5 and 99.6 at these same locations for the noisiest aircraft 747 The difference between existing conditions and the Proposed Project may be considered
beneficial but is not expected to result in significant biological benefits or productivity

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San Joaquin Hills
Until July 1999 the existing noise environment in the San Joaquin Hills included military aircraft overflights from the MCAS El Tore site The San Joaquin Hills includes parts of the

NCCP and an associated complement of wildlife habitat
CNEL Measurements at the San Joaquin Hills Noise associated with the military
operations at the MCAS El Toro site was variable due to the long approach corridor and the rugged terrain Specifically the 1998 CNEL values in the San Joaquin Hills were estimated

at two locations in Wood Canyon SJ1 and at the confluence of AlisoAVood Canyons in AlisoPWood Regional Park SJ2 These CNEL values generally reflect a rural noise
environment CNEL values for military aircraft have been estimated at 47.4 for SJl and 55.9 for SJ2 CNEL values for the Proposed Project have been estimated at 44.6 for SJI and
56.9 for SJ2 This difference is not substantial and would not result in biological resource impacts

SEL Measurements at the San Joaquin Hills SEL values in the San Joaquin Hills for 1998 existing conditions are estimated at 68.8 for SJI and 77.7 for 552 These SEL values
are for typical military aircraft arriving on Runway 34 SEL values for the Proposed Project are estimated at 72.9 for SJl using the 737 aircraft and 79.7 for the 747 aircraft Again the
747 aircraft will not be the dominant aircraft operating along the arrival corridor rather 737 operations will be more frequent SEL values are estimated at 77.7 for SJ2 using the 737
aircraft and 89.3 for the 747 Similar to the Siphon Ridge area and the Habitat Reserve the difference in existing conditions compared to the Proposed Project is not expected to result
in significant biological benefits or productivity

Summary of indirect impacts Associated with Aircraft Uverfifigh ts frum the MCAS El TWO Site

In summary CNEL values are expected to increase SubstantiaIIy at Siphon Ridge and much more moderately in the Habitat Reserve and decrease in the San Joaquin Hills due to the
aircraft activity associated with the Proposed Project SEL values are expected to decrease from military aircraft SEL values for most commercial aircraft with the exception of the
747 The number of overflights i e arrivals or departures will increase as a result of the Proposed Project compared to 1998 existing conditions However these changes in noise
exposure frequency of overflights or reductions in SEL are not expected to substantially impact breeding birds or other wildlife productivity

Noise motion and startle effects could potentially result from aircraft overflights However the significance of these potential impacts is speculative and residual impacts that
affect breeding are not likely particularly considering the historical noise and aircraft overfIight environment in these areas

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In the long term under the Proposed Project wildlife is expected to benefit from the planting of substantial native plant communities along the southern and eastern boundary of the
MCAS El Toro site Therefore the Proposed Project is not expected to result in significant adverse impacts on wildlife at the MCAS El Toro site and the Habitat Reserve and will
benefit wildlife as a result of new upland habitat associated with the Wildlife Habitat Area

impacts on Na the Plant Communities at the MCAS El Tore Site and
the Adjacent Federal Habitat Reserve

The existing native plant communities on the MCAS El Toro site primarily occur in the Habitat Reserve The existing native plant communities in the Habitat Reserve would not be
directly impacted with or without the Proposed Project because this area would be protected under the Habitat Reserve designation The Habitat Reserve is located in Planning Area 6 5a

Under the Proposed Project direct impacts on biological resources will occur on the MCAS El Toro site outside the Habitat Reserve According to the NCCP vegetation community
map shown in Figure 4.9 3 there is some native Venturan Diegan sage scrub habitat on the MCAS El Toro site outside the Habitat Reserve in Planning Area 2 However the knoll on
which the sage scrub occurs is not impacted by any specific land use The nearest proposed use is the Airplane Museum which will be designed to ensure no coastal sage scrub take In
addition some drainages on the MCAS El Toro site contain small amounts of native riparian
habitat Some of these areas are expected to be impacted under the Proposed Project as a result of certain drainage improvements Refer to the following section on drainages The

Proposed Project will not result in any direct adverse impacts on coastal sage scrub on the MCAS El Toro site As part of the Proposed Project a substantial amount of native plant
communities including CSS wiI1 be established along the southeastern boundary of the project for wildlife This area is in Planning Areas 3 and 7 The purpose of this area is to
create CSS habitat for wildlife use between the Coastal and Central Subareas of the NCCP reserve design for Orange County The proposed increase in native habitats associated with
the Proposed Project is a beneficial effect related to native plant communities
Potential indirect adverse impacts on native plant communities may occur under the Proposed Project with the construction of the cultural institutional facility the golf course
and Community Park in the northeast part of the MCAS El Toro site near the Habitat Reserve These indirect impacts may consist of construction dust continued exposure to
non native plants and animals and increased human presence However these potential indirect impacts would be temporary and are not considered significant Therefore the
Proposed Project would not result in significant adverse impacts on native plant communities on the MCAS El Toro site

fmpacts on Drainages on the MCAS El Tore Site and the Adjacent
Federal Habitat Reserve

Biological resources associated with drainages or streambeds on the MCAS El Toro site are limited in their extent md are not well developed A few soft bottom streambeds are subject
to impacts under the Proposed Project
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Marshburn Channel has no substantive soft bottom habitat or related vegetation Consequently no substantial biological resource impacts would occur in this drainage under
the Proposed Project Marshbum Channel will be improved as part of a regional flood control master plan along the north side of Irvine Boulevard as well as between Irvine

Boulevard and Trabuco Road along the west edge of the MCAS El Toro site As discussed above no biological resources occur in these areas These areas do qualify as Waters of the
U S The longest reach of improvements occur in Marshburn Channel between Irvine Boulevard and Trabuco Road Flood control conveyance facilities include modifying the
existing gunk lined trapezoidal channel to a concrete trap channel The requirement to improve Marshbum Channel is due to regional land use and specific Proposed Project
requirements These improvements are discussed in Cumulative Impacts Section 5.0
Bee Canyon Channel and the associated drainages have few areas of soft bottoms with native vegetation There is only one location that includes a dirt lined bottom but it has no
substantial native vegetation and no biological resource impacts However the Bee Canyon Channel will require improvements that impact Waters of the U S The current condition of
the drainage includes a combination of open and covered channels throughout the MCAS El Toro Site The majority of impacts to the channel occur within the existing airfleld area
Total impacts to Waters of the U S are estimated at 0.40 acres
Agua Chinon Wash includes soft bottom habitat with some riparian scrub habitat i e willows and mulefat south of the existing miMa ry housing and north of Irvine Boulevard
This plant community is several hundred feet in length along the drainage No project related impacts are identified for this streambed north of Irvine Boulevard where this habitat
occurs
Along Agua Chinon Wash south of Irvine Boulevard there are two soft bottom drainage features on the MCAS El Toro site These include sparse vegetation although there are
some clumps of mulefat in isolated patches Immediately south of Irvine Boulevard Agua Chinon Wash includes a soft bottom incised channel with mulefat occurring at the toe of
slope This area is estimated at 1 IO0 feet long and the width varies between 15 and 30 feet averaging about 20 feet At the second more southerly location there are two
approximately 400 foot long reaches and channel runoff from the existing underground drainage system These two drainage features are isolated fragments that serve to move
runoff These areas include riparian vegetation such as mulefat and some willow scrub This area is estimated at 0.18 acres This wash has been improved throughout its reach and
includes armored riprap along its banks The drainage that currently conveys upstream runoff will be modified such that this part of the wash will be bypassed and subject to local
sheet flow only The Agua Chinon Wash location just south of existing Runway 7R 25L is in an area that will be excavated Total Waters of the U S impacts are estimated at 0.18
acre

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Bomgo Wash Channel is not impacted on the MCAS El Toro site except where it is proposed to be realigned just east and south of Runway 16134 At this location the majority
of this Channel is unvegetated or contains ruderal plant species Near the south end of Runway 16 34 and just north of the railroad crossing this wash becomes open The open
sandy wash includes an open wash with some mulefat and ruderal species It is estimated that 400 feet of the soft bottom wash would be realigned for a total of 0.46 acre

Borrego Wash includes Waters of the US In the area subject to modification and realignment to accommodate storm flows there is an estimated 1.84 acre impact to Waters
of the U S which includes that portion already improved as well as sandy bottom as discussed above The total realignment is estimated at 3,500 feet and includes both the
improved portions of the channel as well as the open sandy wash
Serrano Creek is not specifically impacted as a result of upstream or adjacent land uses However there is a road crossing at Serrano Creek However the creek will be bridged and
designed to ensure that no footings or other construction features alter or otherwise impact Serrano Creek It is included within the geographic limits of the Wildlife Habitat Area A
tributary to Serrano Creek will be incorporated and retained as part of the golf course design No impacts to Serrano Creek will occur

San Diego Creek is a jurisdictional wetland with cattails sedges and other wetland indicator species The proposed business park on either side of the drainage will be designed to retain
this drainage San Diego Creek includes jurisdictional wetlands as mentioned above however the adjacent business park land uses will include a setback that retains the channel
and will be designed such that no site preparation activities or long term uses adversely affect wetland values Drainage features associated with the business park will be designed
to avoid encroachment or otherwise adversely affect wetland values Therefore there are no adverse impacts to wetlands at San Diego Creek

No other drainage or streambed issues related to biological resources have been identified on the MCAS El Toro site under the Proposed Project
In summary an estimated 0.64 acre of disturbed soft bottom drainages are impacted at an insignificant level by drainage improvements associated with the Proposed Project at Agua
Chinon and at Borrego Wash This estimated acreage includes a mulefat scrub componenti open sandy wash These washes are not locally or regionally significant but do include limited
riparian resources that do sustain riparian species These drainages are isolated fragmented and do not support extensive riparian plant communities

Total impacts to Waters of the U S are estimated at 2.42 acres 0.40 acre at the Bee Canyon Channel 0.18 acre at Agua Chinon and 1.84 acres at Borrego Wash No delineated
wetlands are impacted by the Proposed Project This acreage total is not considered a significant adverse biological resource impact However since these drainages are
considered Waters of the U S and have some riparian values there are mitigation measures that are proposed to further reduce these impacts In addition both the U S Army Corps of

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Engineers and the California Department of Fish and Game will be coordinated with regarding permit or agreement requirements within their jurisdiction
impacts on WiidGfe Dispersiun Corridors at the MGAS N Tofu Site
and the Adjacent Federal Habitat Reserve

There are no existing substantial wildlife dispersion corridors on the MCAS El Toro site Until recently open space in this part of Orange County was continuous from the Habitat
Reserve northeast to Lomas de Santiago Construction of the FTC immediately northeast of the Habitat Reserve created a barrier to wildlife movement in this area although there are
culverts that potentially allow for wildlife movement under this road However there is no specific wildlife undercrossing associated with the FTC immediately adjacent to the Habitat
Reserve Reinforced concrete box was constructed to convey storm flows from the Agua Chinon Wash just northwest of the Habitat Reserve and aligned with existing open space
adjacent to the Habitat Reserve This drainage feature was not designed as a wildlife crossing although there are some mammal tracks associated with this undercrossing so it
may be functioning as such for some mammals However based on the County of Orange land use designation for the area immediately south of the FTC this area is designated
suburban residential Consequently any mammal movement through this drainage feature will be blocked by i ture residential development tier fragmenting the Habitat Reserve

The San Joaquin Hills are south of the site beyond the convergence of I 405 and I 5 and are in the Coastal Subarea of the Coastal Central Subregion of the NCCP reserve design for
Orange County The Habitat Reserve on the MCAS El Toro site is strategically located in the Central Subarea of the NCCP The MCAS El Tore site represents a potential corridor
for the interchange of anin populations between these two discontinuous areas i e Coastal and Central Subareas

A Wildlife Habitat Area is proposed as part of the Proposed Project One purpose of this Area is to provide wildlife habitat between these two NCCP reserve design areas and not
preclude small mammal movement and dispersal opportunities for the coastal California gnatcatcher To accommodate dispersal and to promote habitat utilization at this location
the Wildlife Habitat Area would in de various pkntings and seeding to establish CSS habitat The core area would include primarily CSS species such as California sagebrush
black sage California buckwheat and other typical CSS species components Other areas such as along the edges may include toyon laurel sumac and scrub oak to provide some
screening from adjacent land uses It is also anticipated that central parts of the Wildlife Habitat Area might incorporate some riparian scrub species in the Tow lying areas
depending on localized hydrology to provide some topographic relief and botanical diversity within a particular cross section of the Area

This Wildlife Habitat Area would better establish a genetic link between the Santa Ana Mountain foothills through Lomas de Santiago and the San Joaquin Hills to the south
This is particularly important for the Coastal Subarea due to its relative isolation from other habitat areas The Lomas de Santiago incIudes rolling hills and sometimes rugged terrain
that supports extensive wiMlife habitat This habitat provides living areas for free ranging

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mammals such as nmuntain lion gray fox bobcat and coyote Lomas de Santiago is north of the MCAS El Toro site and the 970 acre Habitat Reserve
The proposed Wildlife Habitat Area on the MCAS El Toro site incorporates provisions for wildlife habitat which creates a core habitat area an estimated 500 feet wide and 15,000 feet
long throughout the length of this property The Wildlife I Iabitat Area is planned for implementation in the final phase of the Airport System Master Plan 2016 The wildlife
habitat includes native vegetation for riparian and upland cover and forage purposes to provide habitat and cover and thereby focus wildlife use It is primarily a revegetation
program to provide linear habitat to support CSS species such as the coastal California gnatcatcher

In addition the Wildlife Habitat Area is located adjacent to compatible open space such as the proposed golf course regional park and remaining agricultural areas on the MCAS El
Toro site A key component of the Wildlife Habitat Area will be the exclusion of nighttime lighting

The Wildlife Habitat Area will conform to FAA Advisory Circular guidance to reduce the potential for bird strikes Development of the Wildlife Habitat Area would be consistent
with FAA standards for minimizing wildlife contact with aircrafi To ensure that the area is compatible with aviation operations adequate fencing will be required and artificial
marshes and wetlands will not be created A Resource Management Plan RMP will be prepared as part of the design of the habitat area The RMP will address potential

operational and maintenance issues to ensure that the Wildlife Habitat Area function and the aviation and nonaviation activities are coordinated and that potential conflicts are
minimized
This Wildlife Habitat Area is consistent with the intent of the objectives outlined in the CRP in that it is sensitive to local environmental concerns and considerations The Wildlife
Habitat Area reflects not only a consideration for the adjacent natural areas but also enhances the likely biological productivity of these areas Therefore due to the inclusion of
the Wildlife Habitat Area the Proposed Project is expected to result in significant beneficial effects related to wildlife habitat on the MCAS El Toro site and not preclude opportunities
for wildlife movement

fmpacts on Special interest Species at the MCAS El Tofu Site and
the Adjacent Federal Habitat Reserve

Overview of Potential Impacts on Special Interest Species
Special interest plant and wildlife species that have been observed are expected to occur or have limited potential to occur on or in the immediate vicinity of the MCAS El Toro site
including the Habitat Reserve were shown earlier in Tables 4.9 2 and 4.9 3 These special interest plant and wildlife species include two endangered species the American peregrine
falcon and the southwestern willow flycatcher and two threatened species Swainson's hawk and coastal lifornia gnatcatcher

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Of these endangered and threatened species observed or expected to occur on the MCAS El Toro site only the American peregrine falcon may potentially incur direct impacts under the
Proposed Project These impacts consist of a loss of 620 acres of agriculture that provide potential foraging habitat for this raptor This would contribute to the cumulative loss of this
type of habitat in the region However more typical habitat for the American peregrine falcon in Orange County is coastal estuaries and other large wetland areas such as the Bolsa
Chica Ecological Reserve Upper Newport Bay and Anaheim Bay Away from these locations it is generally a rare non breeding visitor Because the peregrine falcon is rare in
the vicinity of the MCAS El Toro site and agricultural habitat is not considered to offer significant or unique foraging opportunities for this raptor the loss of 620 acres of potential
foraging habitat is not considered significant under the Proposed Project In addition the American peregrine falcon was included as one of the 39 identified species covered by the
Orange County Coastal Central Subregion of the NCCP HCP The American peregrine falcon was included for coverage because substantial amounts of its habitat in the Subregion
are included in the reserve design
The Swainson's hawk listed as threatened by CDFG was observed once on the MCAS El Toro site This species however would generally not be expected on the site The
Swainson's hawk occurs strictly as a rare migrant through Orange County It does nut breed locally or occur as a winter visitor Due to this species status in the County the presence of
similar foraging resources in the MCAS El Toro area and the lack of any significant or unique resources on the site for this species the loss of potential foraging habitat for the
Swainson's hawk at the MCAS El Toro site would not be considered a significant adverse impact under the Proposed Project

Although there is limited potential for the occurrence of least Bell's vireo on the MCAS El Toro site in a portion of the Agua Chinon drainage adjacent to the military housing no
direct impacts are expected to this habitat The willow scrub habitat is being retained at this location

The coastal California gnatcatcher was observed dispersing on the slope adjacent to the military housing and apparently foraging in the riparian community that comprises the upper
reaches of Agua Chinon Wash at the MCAS El Toro site The slope is composed of coastal sage scrub species as well as exotic plants It is suspected that the gnatcatchers observed
use this area during certain times of the year to move between the coastal sage scrub community on the knoI1 to the west and the riparian community at the Agua Chinon Wash
The knoll is retained as a part of the Proposed Project This area near the slope is proposed as passive park use Consequently the park is not expected to obstruct the gnatcatcher
movement between the riparian community along Agua Chinon Wash and the source population located on the knoll to the west

In addition to these endangered or threatened species there is the potential for other nonlisted special interest plant and wildlife species which have been observed or are expected
to occur at the MCAS El Tore site to incur impacts as a result of the Proposed Project No direct impacts are anticipated on any special interest plants since none are expected to occur

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outside the Habitat Reserve The loss of 620 acres of agriculture will result in the loss of potential foraging habitat for such special interest avian species as white tailed kite northern
harrier ferruginous hawk merlin prairie falcon short eared owl long billed curlew mountain plover loggerhead shrike and tricolored blackbird This loss will contribute to
the cumulative loss of habitat for these species but is not considered significant because there is a substantial amount of suitable foraging habitat for these species in the open spaces
south and north of the MCAS El Toro site The loss of this agricultural habitat may also result in the reduction of potential foraging and nesting habitat for the burrowing owl and
California horned lark The burrowing owl was not observed nor has it been previously reported at the MCAS EI Tore site Because there are substantial amounts of suitable
habitat for these two species present in the vicinity of the MCAS El Toro site this is not considered a significant adverse impact

Special interest species in the Habitat Reserve may potmtial y incur indirect impacts fkom the Proposed Project These impacts may include noise motion and startle effects f m direct
aircraft overflights Noise and startle impacts and their effects on wildlife in the vicinity of MCAS El Toro were previously discussed under the indirect impacts of the Proposed Project
on biological resources In addition there is potential for adverse impacts to the breeding of coastal California gnatcatchers as a result of site preparation and grading associated with the
institutional uses Indirect impacts on special interest species that may be associated with the proposed golf course community park and culturaI iitutional facilities adjacent to the
Habitat Reserve include the potential introduction of non native plants and animals increased human presence artificial lighting and inflated populations of mesopredators e g skunks
and raccoons and the brown headed cowbird which is a brood parasite of songbirds These potential impacts of the Proposed Project however are considered minimal and not
significant due to similar impacts already present as a result of the existing Iand uses on the site

Special Interest Species in the Habitat Reserve
Four threatened endangered and candidate special interest species occur or potentially occur in the Habitat Reserve These species and the potential impacts of the Proposed
Project on these species are described in the following sections
Riverside Fairy Shrimp
During 1998 surveys of the Habitat Reserve four adult Riverside fairy shrimp were found in a stockpond pool in the Explosive Ordnance Disposal Area during both wet season samphng
periods KEA Environmental 1998 No significant impacts are expected from the Proposed Project on this species or its habitat because this stockpond pool will not be
disturbed during construction or operation of the Proposed Project No mitigation is required

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Arroyo Southwestern Toad
This species was not observed on the MCAS El Toro site during 1998 surveys by KEA Environmental The majority of the Habitat Reserve was considered to have either
unsuitable or extremely marginal habitat for the arroyo southwestern toad Consequently there is only limited potential for this species to occur in the Habitat Reserve The Proposed
Project is not expected to result in direct or indirect impacts on arroyo toads or to its potential habitat on the Habitat Reserve No mitigation is required

Coastal California Gnatcatcher
No direct impacts from the Proposed Project are expected on habitat occupied by the coastal California gnatcatcher Due to the gnatcatcher's status as a federally threatened species any
removal of occupied habitat would be considered a significant adverse impact The Proposed Project will not result in the take or disturbance of occupied gnatcatcher habitat

Potential noise impacts were discussed in detail above and are not found to be significant
Additional indirect impacts may result from construction occurring on the MCAS El Toro site in areas near the Habitat Reserve and fi om the proposed golf course and
cultural institutional facilities adjacent to the Habitat Reserve These impacts may include noise motion and startle effects contim exposure to non native plants and animals
increased human presence artificial lighting and inflated populations of mesopredators e g skunks and raccoons and brown headed cowbirds

These impacts under the Proposed Project may adversely affect gnatcatcher breeding success and occupied habitat During construction and site preparation activities associated
with the proposed golf course i e north end of the North Course and the culturalhstitutional facilities there may be some California gnatcatcher nests in proximity
to these uses During construction earthmoving equipment and its associated noise will generate noise levels potentially greater than those generated by existing uses These are
temporary short term noise impacts that would be generated near the Habitat Reserve This temporary short term noise is not expected to be significant as there is no direct impact to
the habitat However as a precautionary step and to ensure that California gnatcatcher breeding is not adversely impacted by earthmoving activities as a result of an increase in
noise and motion in the area and if there are nests in habitat immediately adjacent to the construction area for these proposed land uses a mitigation measure has been included to
address construction in this area during the breeding season

Quino Checkerspot Butterfly
The Quino checkerspot butterfly was federally listed as an endangered species on January 16 1997 62 FR 23 13 and is protected under the provisions of the Federal Endangered
Species Act of 1973 as amended The USFWS has developed a recommended survey protocol for this species that includes the following three components 1 a general habitat
assessment procedure that can be conducted throughout the year 2 a focused habitat

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assessment procedure for the region identified in the protocol as the Potential Habitat Area and 3 an adult Quino flight season survey procedure for the regions identified in the
protocol as the Adult Focused Survey Areas The protocol is available on the Web at http www rl fws gov tetispecies html

The historic distribution of this species extended from the Santa Monica Mountains and Santa Clarita Valley on the cismontane sides of the Transverse and Peninsular mountain
ranges and into northwestern Baja California In California extant populations are reported to occur in southern San Diego County and western Riverside County with reports of adult
occurrences at Point Dume in Los Angeles County Dana Point in Orange County and the Anza region of southwestern Riverside County The reasons attributed to the decline of this
species include habitat loss due to urban development livestock over grazing fire management practices and displacement of larval food plants and adult nectar sources by
non native plant species This species appears to be associated with habitat features that include sparsely vegetated openings in shrub communities grasslands and sparse
woodlands that have bare clayey to loamy soil areas with a prevalence of host plants nectar sources low densities of non native plants and occur within an approximately 0.5 mile
radius of topographic features such as sparsely vegetated rounded hilltops ridgelines and knolls

There may be potential Quino checkerspot habitat within the Habitat Preserve and limited potential habitat associated with the coastal sage scrub vegetated knoll located just west of
Pusan Way in Planning Area 2 However due to the known existing range of the species Quino checkerspot are not expected to occur These areas of potential habitat are not impacted
by the Proposed Project As such no adverse impacts to this species are expected

4.9.6.2 Impacts at JWA and Upper Newport 8ay
There will be slightly fewer overflights at Upper Newport Bay associated with the Proposed Project For example by 2020 total aircraft operations at JWA are projected to be 426,700
under the Proposed Project less than the total aircraft operations recorded during 1998
The Proposed Project will not result in significant adverse impacts on native plant communities wildlife dispersion corridors or special interest species at JWA or Upper
Newport Bay There are no substantive biological resources on the JWA site and impacts to the Upper Newport Bay are limited to indirect impacts as a result of aircraft operations

Direct Impacts at JWA and Upper Newport Bay
Under the Proposed Project no substantial aviation facility improvements at JWA are required All aviation facility changes at JWA under the Proposed Project will be minor and
will be accommodated within the existing boundary of the JWA site Therefore no direct adverse impacts to biological resources will occur No mitigation is required

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No direct impacts to biological rewurces in the Upper Newport Bay till result fi om the Proposed Project because there will be no project related construction or operations in this
area under the Proposed Project No mitigation is required

Indirect impacts at JWA and Upper Newport Bay
Overview of Indirect Impacts
Under the Proposed Project no significant aviation facility improvements at JWA are required Therefore no substantial construction or operations related indirect impacts on
biological resources would occur at JWA under the Proposed Project No mitigation is required

Indirect impacts from flights at JWA are primarily limited to the biological resources in Upper Newport Bay because no other areas within the existing or projected flight paths
contain substantial biological resources The Proposed Project will use the existing runway configuration at JWA so the flight tracks would be identicaI to existing flight tracks
Departures would be primarily to the south turning left to folIow Newport Bay Arrivals would be generally from the north over Anaheim Hills or over Huntington Beach Under the
Proposed Project passenger activity at JWA would decrease Corn the existing 7.8 MAP to 5.4 MAP therefore the number of flights at JWA would also be reduced As a result of the
reduced number of flights at JWA under the Proposed Project no new indirect impacts resulting from aircraft overflights will occur in Upper Newport Bay under the Proposed
Project Existing indirect impacts will continue consisting of noise and possible bird strikes Refer to Section 4.15 Public Health and Safety for discussion regarding bird strikes

Probably the most important wildife in the Bay that would be most susceptibIe to noise motion and startle impacts from changes in total aircraft operations at JWA under the
Proposed Project would be the bird species Because the Bay includes both listed species and regionally significant populations of waterfowl and shorebirds the potential for noise
startle and motion impacts could be important The Bay is an important stopover and ovenvintering area for migratory waterfowl and shorebirds along the Pacific Flyway

EIR No 102 examinh g alternative f ures for the Orange County Airport Orange County 1978 reported the results of an attempt to measure and quantify the reactions of several
species of birds in the Upper Newport Bay to overflights of commercial jets taking off from the airport page 3 677 Short term behavioral changes were noted in some individuals in
response to visual intrusion and or flight generated noise However observed residual responses were reported as virtually nonexistent with resumption of normal activity
occurring almost immediately a r departure of the stimulus EIR No 508 came to similar conclusions

Judging from the existing knowledge of the effects of subsonic aircrfi overflights on wildlife it would not be expected that noise associated with implementation of the Proposed
Project would significantly affect wildlife in the airport vicinity or in Upper Newport Bay In light of present understanding it is reasonable to conclude that given the long history of

Bidogical Resources County of Ch ange EIR No 573 138
138 Page 139 140
this Airport area wildlife are by now well habituated to aircraft overflights and that any unusually sensitive species would have long since undergone consequent population
adjustments or extirpation
Although overflight studies have not been conducted specifically on any of the rare or endangered birds in Upper Newport Bay it is strongly indicated that the above reasoning
holds true for these species and that they would not experience signifkant impacts from project implementation This opinion was expressed by the USFWS USFWS 1981 in a
consultation memorandum to the Civil Aeronautics Board addressing potential effects on the California least tern and light footed clapper rail of overflights fi om JWA over Upper
Newport Bay with respect to EIR No 508 In addition specific studies at Vandenberg Air Force Base on the effects of missile launches on a nearby nesting colony of California least
terns HDR 1981 disclosed no unusual response behavior Furthermore although strict comparisons cannot be drawn because of site specific differences several situations
generally analogous to JWA exist where the California least tern and or the light footed clapper rail are known to breed or to have bred in close proximity to airports in California
USFWS 198 1 Imperial Beach Naval Air Station Point Mugu Pacific Missile Range Santa Barbara Airport Alameda NavaI Air Station North Island Naval Air Station and San
Diego International Airport
The existing noise environment in the Upper Newport Bay area includes overflights from commercial passenger aircraft originating from JWA The dominant departure track from
JWA is oriented to the south into the westerly winds coming off the Pacific Ocean Similar to the MCAS El Toro site areas around JWA that include wildlife habitat were identified for
candidate locations for noise sensitive receptor locations Three receptor locations were selected in the Bay BBl BB2 and BB3

Indirect Impacts Associated with Aircraft Overflights
CNEL Measurements at Newport Bay
The BBl noise receptor is closest to JWA in the mud flats BB2 and BB3 are tier south towards the mws in an area also known to have California gnatcatchers The 1998
CNEL values at Newport Bay that include existing commercial passenger aircraft overflights have been estimated at 56.8 at BBl 58.1 at BB2 and at 53.1 BB3

CNEL values for the Proposed Project at Newport Bay have been estimated at 55.1 for BBl 55.8 for BB2 and 52.8 for BB3 These CNEL values are slightly lower than existing levels
based on the reduction in MAP and flights at JWA under the Proposed Project This is not a substantial difference in noise levels that would result in biological resource impacts The
difference in CNEL values is not expected to impact biological productivity in the Bay The No Project No Activity Alternative estimates CNEL values of 57.0 for BBl 58.0 for BB2
and 55.0 for BB3 The No Project No Activity Alternative assumes 8.4 MAP at JWA These CNEL values are not sufficiently different from 1998 existing conditions to result in
any significant biological resource impacts

County of Orange EIR No 573 Biological Resources 139
139 Page 140 141
Two figures illustrate the differences in the 65 dB CNEL noise contours for JWA Figure 4.9 9 depicts the JWA 1998 65 dB CNEL noise contour and Figure 4.9 l 0 depicts the
Proposed Project 65 dB CNEL noise contour The 1992 surveys for the NCCP are included as the biological baseline for these figures The existing 65 dB CNEL noise contour
includes only one single unpaired California gnatcatcher and seven acres of CSS The 65 dB CNEL noise contour for the Proposed Project does not encompass my California
gnatcatcher sighting and no CSS Consequently as shown on both figures noise exposure in the Bay and surrounding uplands is expected to decrease with the Proposed Project The
existing 65 dB CNEL contour includes an estimated 63 acres within the NCCP reserve The Proposed Project 65 dB CNEL contour encompasses 0 acres of the NCCP reserve

SE1 Measurements at Newport Bay
SEL values at Newport Bay for 1998 existing conditions are estimated at 81.8 for BBl 83.8 for BB2 and 81.9 for BB3 This assumes the existing B 737 aircraft type which is the
dominant aircraft in the fleet mix SEL values for the Proposed Project are essentially the same This assumes that the expected dominant aircraft type the B 737 aircraft remains in
the fleet mix The overall quieter technology of the future fleet mix may have some benefit associated with reduced SEL values but is not expected to result in significant biological

benefits or productivity
Summary of Indirect Impacts Associated with Aircraft Overflights at JWA
Potential indirect impacts of direct aircrafk overflights over Upper Newport Bay include noise and potentially startle effects on nesting birds such as the light footed clapper rail
California least tern Belding's Savannah sparrow and California gnatcatcher Potential startle effects may also occur on non breeding foraging birds in Upper Newport Bay such
as the CaIifomia brown pelican American peregrine falcon and large numbers of shorebirds and waterfowl Under the Proposed Project only a small part of Upper Newport Bay is
within the 65 CNEL contour The CNEL contours for 1998 existing conditions are similar to those for the Proposed Project The existing populations of special interest bird species
cited above have been subject to civilian aircraft noise from JWA for several years Compared to the 1998 existing CNEL contours the Proposed Project shows a slight
decrease in annual average noise exposure in the vicinity of JWA
Noise motion and startle effects could potentially result from aircraft overflights However the significance of this potential impact and whether there are residual impacts
that affect breeding is speculative Studies on the impacts of commercial overflights on bird species in Upper Newport Bay described in EIR No 102 Orange County 1978 indicated
that some birds exhibited short term behavioral changes but returned to normal once the noise or visual stimulus resulting from overflights was gone No additional studies have
been conducted on the effects of overflights on special interest bird species in Upper Newport Bay As discussed earlier the existing 65 dB CNEL contour for JWA includes part
of Upper Newport Bay where there are substantial bird populations and where special interest bird species occur Under the Proposed Project the average noise exposure is
projected to be slightIy Iess than under existing conditions

Biological Resources County of Orange EIR No 573 140
140 Page 141 142
mpac ts on Native Han t Communities at JWA and Upper Newport
gay

There are no native plant communities on the JWA site because the site is fully developed as an airport Therefore the Proposed Project will not result in adverse impacts on native plant

communities at JWA No mitigation is required
There are native plant communities in the Upper Newport Bay which is 0.75 mile south of JWA at its closest point The Proposed Project will not result in any direct adverse impacts
on native plant communities at JWA or in Upper Newport Bay because commercial passenger volumes at JWA would decrease from 7.8 to 5.4 MAP No mitigation is required

lmpac ts on Wildlife at J WA and Upper Newport Bay
The disturbed annual grassland at JWA provides minimal habitat quality for wildlife No loss of these resources is anticipated under the Proposed Project Therefore no significant
adverse impact on wildlife at JWA will occur under the Proposed Project No mitigation is required

Potential indirect impacts on wildlife would primarily consist of noise motion and startle effects resulting from direct aircraft overflights at Upper Newport Bay These impacts and
their effects on wildlife were discussed earlier The Proposed Project is not expected to result in significant adverse impacts on wildlife at JWA or Upper Newport Bay No
mitigation is required

impacts on W i d ife Dispersion Curridurs at J WA and Upper Ne wpurt
BaY

There are no wildlife corridors on the JWA site In addition all aviation facility changes at JWA under the Proposed Project will be minor and will be accommodated within the existing

boundary of the JWA site Therefore no impacts on wildlife corridors at JWA are expected under the Proposed Project No mitigation is required

The Proposed Project is not expected to result in significant adverse impacts on wildlife dispersion corridors at Upper Newport Bay No mitigation is required

impacts on Special Interest Species at JWA and Upper Newport Bay
Because there are no substantial biological resources on the JWA site no significant direct or indirect impacts on special interest species are anticipated under the Proposed Project at
JWA In addition under the Proposed Project passenger activity at JWA would decrease from the existing 7.8 MAP to 5.4 MAP therefore the number of flights at JWA would also
be reduced No mitigation is required

County of Orange ElR No 573 Biological Resources 141
141 Page 142 143
Potential impacts from changes in flights at JWA will primarily be limited to indirect impacts i e noise on special interest wildlife species in Upper Newport Bay because no other areas
in the existing or projected flight paths contah substantial biological resources These impacts were discussed in detail earlier as indirect impacts of the Proposed Project on biological
resources Under the Proposed Project no sign ant adverse impacts are expected on special interest species in Upper Newport Bay No mitigation is required

Base Transition Plan
Implementation of the Base Transition Plan BTP contemplates limited continuation of existing uses at El Tore or uses that are consistent with historical uses or activities of the
base The BT'P will not affect biological resources and is not expected to cause any significant impacts to biological resources because implementation of the BTP will utilize
existing facilities on site and will not require construction of new facilities or other improvements that would physically affect biological resources

4.9.7 Mitigation Measures
4.9.7.1 Final EIR No 563 Mitigation Measures
Final EIR No 563 did not include any mitigation measures for biological resources

4.9.7.2 Final EIR No 563 Supplemental Analysis Mitigation
Measures

As discussed earlier in Section 4.92 the determinations made in the Supplemental Analysis for EIR No 563 with respect to biological resources were rendered moot by the Court of
Appeal ruling

4.9.7.3 Standard Conditions of Approval
The Proposed Project includes a number of County of Orange Conditions of Approval COAs These COAs listed in Appendix L serve to implement various County regulations and
policies and to provide protection to the environment These COAs are part of the Proposed Project and as a result are themselves project features that can avoid or substantially reduce
potential adverse impacts of the Proposed Project on the environment The County will ensure that each COA incorporated in the Proposed Project is properly implemented as an integral part
of the Iand use review compliance process The COA related to biological resources that is incorporated in the Proposed Project is EPl Federal Endangered Species Act

4.9.7.4 Additional Mitigation Measures
Although there are no identified direct significant impacts anticipated to result fkom implementation of the Proposed Project the following mitigation program for biological
resources includes precautionary or preventative measures to ensure that activities during
Biological Resources 4S 52 County of Orange EIR No 573 142
142 Page 143 144
construction do not cause nest abandonment by listed species such as the California gnatcatcher or raptor species such as nesting hawks These measures are proposed because
of the anticipated long term construction activities necessw to implement the Proposed Project and the potential for indirect impacts that might occur in the areas closest to the
Habitat Reserve during construction such as noise motion and startle effects resulting from construction workers equipment operation and other activities

Direct impacts during construction are also addressed in this mitigation program Precautionary measures are included to prevent impacts to streambed resources Finally
mitigation measures that address general biological resources protection are provided These general measures apply to all the protected species during consnuction of the Proposed Project

A Project Biologist will be identified to work with the County on the implementation and oversight of these mitigation measures

Mitiga tiun Measures for the Coastal California Gna tea teher Lis ted
Species

Pre Construction Measures
The foIlowing measures will assist in avoiding and minimizing indirect construction related impacts on the California gnatcatcher

B l Prior to issuance of each grading permit for any site preparation clearing grubbing or grading within 500 feet of potential gnatcatcher habitat the County will provide
for pre construction gnatcatcher surveys conducted by a qualified biologist to update their presence absence status and location in relationship to the construction limits
and activities
B Z Prior to issuance of the applicable grading permit the County will provide for the mapping of special interest species and habitats within 500 feet of the project limits
on the grading plans by a qualified bioIogist California gnatcatcher habitat and other native habitats outside the construction limits will be designated on the grading
plans and construction documents as Environmentally Restricted Areas ERAS ERAS are defined as areas that are permanently restricted to any unauthorized access
or activities during construction These ERAs will be marked on all construction documents

B 3 Prior to issuance of the applicable grading permit for areas in proximity to the Habitat Reserve and the Wildlife Habitat Area especially where adjacent to
gnatcatcher habitat the County will prepare landscape plans guidelines to avoid any potential indirect impacts associated with invasive weeds and plant material These
plans guidelines will be reviewed by the Director of the Orange County Nature Reserve

County of Orange EIR No 573 Biological Resources 143
143 Page 144 145
B 4 Prior to issuance of each grading permit for any site preparation clearing grubbing grading building demolition or phase of the project focused supplemental surveys
will be conducted for listed species including those not presently identified in this EIR that may potentially occur within areas impacted by the project Listed species
are those designated as endangered or threatened by state and federal resource a g e n c i e s The focused pre construction surveys will be conducted by qualified
biologists who possess any required permits as designated by the resource agencies
If the presence of such species is documented during the pre construction surveys and potential project impacts are considered to be significant a mitigation plan will
be developed The mitigation plan will incorporate measures that will substantially reduce project impacts on occupied habitat through such methods as avoidance of
occupied habitat or project phasing to avoid breeding periods A monitoring plan may also be designed to ensure successti implementation of mitigation measures

Construction Measures
The following mitigation measures will avoid or substantially minimize direct and indirect construction related impacts on the California gnatcatcher

B 5

B 6
If actke nest sites are found during the preconstruction surveys the County will require all construction contractors to phase alI site preparation grading clearing
grubbing and construction activities within 500 feet of habitat occupied by nesting gnatcatchers to allow for the completion of nesting and breeding activities
approximately mid February through mid August The implementation of this measure will be overseen and conducted by a qualified biologist

During all site preparation grading clearing grubbing and construction activities the County will require ah construction contractors to limit movement related to
construction activity including ingress and egress of equipment and personnel to the designated construction limits in areas within 500 feet of habitat occupied by the
California gnatcatcher

Mtiga tiun Measures f o r R a p furs
Pre Construction Measures
The following measures will assist in avoiding and minimizing direct and indirect construction related impacts on any nesting raptor species

B 7 Prior to any site preparation clearing grubbing or grading within 1,000 feet of potential raptor nest sites the County will require that raptor nesting surveys be
conducted by a qualified biologist to determine the potential presence and location of active raptor nests in relationship to the construction Iimits and activities

Biological Resources County of Orange EIR No 573 144
144 Page 145 146
B 8 The County will recpire that all active raptor nests within 1,000 feet of the construction area limits be mapped on construction documents by a qualified
biologist and designated as Environmentally Sensitive Areas As prior to any site preparation clearing grubbing or grading An ESA is defined as an area
temporarily restricted from any unauthorized construction access or activities

Construction Measures
B 9 As a condition of the ESA the County will require aI1 construction contractors to
temporarily restrict prohibit all construction related activities within 1,000 feet of active nests to avoid potential impacts on raptor nesting activities The majority of

raptor breeding activity typically occurs between February 15 and July 15 The County will require that nesting sites be resurveyed toward the end of the breeding
season to verZy completion of the breeding cycle The ESA designation will be removed by the County after the nesting activities are complete

Mitigation Measure for Streambeds
B 10

B 11
B 12
B 13

During final design the County will provide for the mapping of jurisdictional waters and jurisdictional wetlands for San Diego Creek Serrano Creek Borrego Wash and
portions of Agua Chinon Wash designed to be retained These jurisdictional limits will be designated on the grading plans and construction documents as
Environmentally Restricted Areas ERAS ERAS are defined as areas that are permanently restricted to any unauthorized access or activities during construction
These ERAS will be marked on all construction documents
During final design the County will modify the Runway 16L plan to shorten the declared distance by an estimated 200 feet This shortening of the declared
distance will allow the existing Borrego Wash and channel to be retained at its current location and configuration This action will also allow the perimeter road to
be retained such that there are no adverse impacts to Borrego Wash or improved portions of the channel

During final design the County will modify the grading limits near the Agua Chinon channel south of Runway 7R 25L and retain the southerly portion for an estimated
length of 400 feet The portion of the channel to be retained till include the cross se on of the ordinary high water mark within the Army Corps of Engineers
jurisdiction
During fmal design of the golf course and the Wildlife Habitat Area the County will incorporate Serrano Creek and its tributaries into the Wildlife Habitat Area and golf
course design and designate them as ERAs as referenced in Mitigation Measure B 10

County of Orange EIR No 573 Biological Resources 145
145 Page 146 147
General Biological Resources Mitiga tlbn Measures
B 14

B 15
B 16

The County will show and define all designated ERAS and ESAs on project constmction documents Restrictions related to comtruction activities near ERAS will
be described Restrictions related to when construction can and cannot be conducted in and near ES will be described The County will require all construction contractors
to comply with all ESA and ERA designations during all site preparation grading clearing demolition hazardous materi remediation grubbing and construction
activities
Prior to any hazardous materials remediation site preparation grading or construction the County will conduct orientation meetings for all construction personnel These
meetings will identify protected species in the project area any defmed ESAs and ERAS and restrictims related to them and other infhmation relative on the avoidance
of impacts to protected species during construction

The County will require all project contractors to maintain and operate all construction equipment in good working order and consistent with the mmmfhcturer's specifications
for noise control and management The County will require all project contractors to document that all equipment used for site preparation grading demolition clearing
grubbing and hazardous materials remediation meets the manufkturers noise specifications

Cumulative Biological Resources Mitiga tiun Measures
Based on the Cumulative Impact Analysis Section 5.4.9 the following mitigation measure will avoid or substantially minimize cumulative impacts for the Alton Parkway Extension

B 17 The County is the lead agency for a redesign of Alton Parkway It will redesign the extension to minim biological impacts to one acre or less of Waters of the U S and
jurisdictional wetlands impacts

4.9.8 Level of Significance After Mitigation
The Proposed Project will result in both adverse and beneficial i e Wildlife Habitat Area impacts on biological resources Although there are no specific biological resource impacts
on the MCAS El Tore site under the Proposed Project that are considered adverse and significant mitigation measures are recommended for short term temporary impacts that
could potentially be significant without appropriate surveys and the phasing of construction activities to accommodate wildlife breeding seasons

There are limited streambed resources remaining on the site since many of the drainages have been improved or modified substantially The impacts resulting from the Proposed
Project on streambed resources are not regionally biologically significant The soft bottom drainages on the MCAS El Tom site are intermittent isolated and occur adjacent to
agricultural fields the airfield and other modified land and are therefore not associated
Biological Resources County of Orange EIR No 573 146
146 Page 147 148
with continuous native biological habitat The drainages have no adjacent native habitat and therefore have a limited beneficial edge effect that would attract higher bird use The
drainages originate fkom upstream open or closed box culverts or other manufactured flood control conveyance systems which severely ltits their utility as linear features that channel
or tie1 wildlife movement Their drainages are therefore isolated not well developed and do not occur in natural areas that would provide for more beneficial values to wildlife
Overall the drainages support sparse and low stature vegetative cover composed of native and non native species adapted for growth in the intermittent drainage environment of
southern California The vegetation appears to be maintained in an early seral stage of development due to the interaction of two forces namely channel scouring and removal of
vegetation during heavy rainfall years and poor growth and development during low rainfall years

The overall habitat quality of these drainages for resident and migratory wildlife species is considered to be low due to the condition of the vegetation and its limited extent at the site
Regardless except for a short segment of Agua Chinon Wash all soft bottom sandy washes are retained with the Proposed Project and mitigation measures provided in this section The
Proposed Project has been planned to avoid many of those drainages Residual streambed impacts are limited to an estimated 0.09 acres Total Waters of the U S are limited to 0.49

acres after mitigation
Consequently there are no anticipated biological resources impacts under the Proposed Project that are significant prior to or after the incorporation of the mitigation measures
described earlier
The Proposed Project will not result in significant adverse impacts on biological resources at JWA and Upper Newport Bay

4.9.9 No Project No Activity Comparison
The Proposed Project does have some direct and indirect less than significant adverse impacts to biological resources that the No Project No Activity Alternative would avoid
Under the No Project No Activity Alternative the MCAS EI Toro site remains essentially as is and would over time attract some additional use by local wildlife The loss of
agricultural land limited impacts to soft bottom drainages as well as noise exposure and aircraft flyovers would be avoided under the No Project No Activity Alternative Although
these adverse impacts are not considered to be significant prior to or after mitigation they are a part of the project impacts that the No Project No Activity Alternative avoids

However unlike the No Project No Activity Alternative the Proposed Project includes the creation of a Wildlife Habitat Area The Wildlife Habitat Area would create coastal sage
scrub h tat by converting existing agriculture annual grassland and turf areas to native plant communities As discussed earlier in this section this relatively long habitat complex
in excess of 140 acres and 15,000 feet in length provides much more extensive habitat for

County of Orange EIR No 573 Biologica Resources 147
147 Page 148 149
wildlife on the MCAS El Tore site than what would develup or be provided by the No Project No Activity alternative
In summary although there are some less than significant adverse impacts under the Proposed Project the creation of a sign ant linear coastal sage scrub feature at OCX
provides many more native habitat opportunities for local wildlife than the No Project No Activity Alternative and therefore the Proposed Project is considered to be superior for
biological resource issues

Biological Resources County of Orange EIR No 573 148
148 Page 149 150
4.10 PUBLIC SERVICES AND UTILITIES
This section addresses potential impacts of the Proposed Project related to public services and utilities specifkally poke fire and emergency medical services schools parks other public

facilities cable television communications services electrical service fuel facilities domestic water recycled water and sanitary sewers Additional issues associated with electricity natural
gas fuel and water resources are discussed later in Section 4.11 Natural Resources and Energy Specialized issues associated with the installation of project related utilities fgcilities
such as the potential for workers and or the general public to be exposed to contaminated soils during construction are discussed later in Section 4.16 Hazardous Materials and Hazardous
Waste

4.10.1 Summary of Conclusions of Final EIR No 563
Section 4.10 of Final EIR No 563 County of Orange 1996 for the CRP evaluated the potential impacts of the proposed CRP related to public services and utilities EIR No 563
described existing public services facilities and utilities on the site and the potential impacts of the proposed reuse alternatives related to public services and utilities

The analysis in Final ER No 563 considered potential short term and long term impacts of the proposed CRP related to cable television communication systems electricity natural gas
potable and recycled water and wastewater Mities or services
The conclusion of the impact analysis in Final EIR No 563 was that the CRP would not result in significant adverse impacts related to the public utilities

Police Services Final EfR No 563
It was determined that the CRP would not result in significant adverse impacts on the City of Irvine Police Department and the CHP

Schoofs Final E R No 563
The CRP was not expected to result in an increase in the demand for school services and was not expected to result in adverse impacts related to the provision of school services on
the site and in the region The CRP included 481 housing units to be located north of Irvine Boulevard 300 for the homeless and 181 for the general public and educational uses Using
the IUSD generation rate of 0.48 students per dwelling unit the 481 units would generate approximately 231 K 12 students a number substantially lower than the 570 students
generated by the 1,188 Family Residential Units on base In summary the CRP was not expected to result in negative impacts related to the provision of school services on the site

County of Orange EIR No 573 Public Services and Utilities 149
149 Page 150 151
Libft fieS Final E R No 563
An increase in the demand for public libraries was not expected to increase or result in adverse impacts related to the provision of library services to the site and in the surrounding
area The 481 houses proposed in the CRP were estimated to generate 1,193 residents according to the County's generation factor of 2.48 persons per dwelling unit The library
service at MCAS El Tore provided for 6,200 military personnel and 2,100 civilians far more service than would be required under the CRP reuse of the site

Child care Final EIR No 563
EIR No 563 anticipated that child care facilities would be provided on site as part of the educational uses Therefore the CRP was not expected to have substantial impacts on the
need for Id care facilities on the MCAS EI Tore site

Final EIR No 563 concluded that much of the existing water distribution system on the El Tore site could be effectively reused for the CRP and that the increased demand for
water services was within the capability of the IRWD Therefore the CRP was not anticipated to result in a significant adverse impact related to water

Wastewater Final EIR Nu 563
In Final EIR No 563 the CRP was anticipated to generate a wastewater demand that exceeded the wastewater capacity at the El Tore site To meet the exceeded demand several
improvements to the existing sewer system would probably be required With those improvements and because IRWD was capable to serve the site the CRP was not anticipated
to result in a significant adverse impact related to sewers

4.10.1.1 Significant Effects that Cannot Be Mitigated to A Level
of Insignificance

Final EIR No 563 found no significant adverse impacts of the CRP related to public services and utilities that could not be mitigated to below a level of significance

4.10 I 2 Effects Determined to Be Mitigated to Below A Level of
Significance

The conclusion of the'impact analysis in Final EIR No 563 was that the CRP would not result in significant adverse impacts related to public services and utilities Mitigation measure PSI
described later in this Section was provided in Final EIR No 563 to ensure coordination with the service and utility providers in later plannkg phases

Public Services and Utilities County of Orange EIR No 573 150
150 Page 151 152
Puke Services Final E R No 563
The anticipated transfer of the responsibility of providing police protection from the Marine Corps military police to the Orange County Sheriffs Department analyzed in EIR No 563

would result in an immediate demand for public police service to the project area The expected transient population on the site including employees air passengers golfers and
others associated with the changed land uses create additional demands for police services The Sheriffs Department estimated that additional personnel and a new Sheriffs station
would be needed to adequately serve the Proposed Project a significant impact that could be mitigated

Fire and Emefgenc y Services Final EfR No 563
New demand for fire and emergency Services was expected under the CRP Responsibilities for specialized response for aviation emergencies would be transferred from
the Marines to the County As the airport operator the County would be required to provide the Airport Rescue Fire Fighting ARFF facilities and staff The Orange County Fire
Authority OCFA is the current and was the anticipated Wure contractor supplying these services to the County The OCFA or a private company under contract could provide fire
and emergency medical services to the airport operator the County An anticipated increase in the demand for services due to the increase in the size of the on site population
an increase in the type and intensity of development on the site and increased public access to the site was identified in Final EIR No 563 Additional fire stations personnel and
equipment would be required to meet the anticipated service demands associated with the CRP

Transit Final EIR No 563
Bus and rail service demands were expected to increase under the CRP The change fi om a military to a public entity would increase the number of people coming to the site for work
business and travel Therefore Final EIR No 563 stated that the proposed aviation and nonaviation revenue support land uses on the site would create a demand for public
transportation access to the site

Cable Television Final EIR No 563
Final EIR No 563 concluded that the demand for cable television service would increase under the CRP and that any impact could be reduced through mitigation

Cummunica tiun Systems Final EM No 563
Final EIR No 563 concluded that the existing capacity of the MCAS El Toro communication system would be adequate to meet most of the demand under the CRP The
communication system was anticipated to need some modification which was addressed in
the mitigation section of EIR No 563

County of Orange EIR No 573 Public Services and Utilities 151
151 Page 152 153
Natural Gas and Fuel FaciIities Final EIR No 563
Final EIR No 563 anticipated that there would be an increase in the demand for natural gas under the CRP which would result in a need for expansion and upgrades of the natural gas
system
Mitigation was expected to reduce the impacts of the CFW in relation to natural gas As for fuel facilities some of the existing fuel tank fms and their respective distribution lines
were deemed in good to excellent condition for suitable reuse under the CRP

Sdid waste Final E R No 563
The Frank R Bowerman Landfill's current landfill capacity 124.4 million cubic yards was anticipated to be adequate to serve the CRP It was also recognized that the precise amount
of solid waste generated by the CRP and the need for additional waste disposal locations was not known therefore mitigation was included to reduce the potential impacts of the
CRP related to solid waste to below a level of significance

E c tricity Final E R No 563
Final EIR No 563 concluded that the CRP was not anticipated to result in a significant adverse impact related to electricity Since the demand was shown to exceed the capacity
however several additions and improvements to the electrical system including new substations lighting transformers underground lines and other facilities were considered
necessary in order to meet the demand As for supply SCE's Development Plan 1995 indicated an ability to sustain a 10 percent annual grow rate in demand in Orange County
through the year 2005
Mitigation Measure PSU 1 was expected to reduce the potential impacts of the CRP related to electricity to below a level of significance

4.10.2 Final EIR No 563 Supplemental Analysis
Public services and utilities were not required to be addressed in the Supplemental Analysis for Final EIR No 563

4.10.3 Environmental Setting Existing Conditions
4.10.3.1 MCAS El Toro Public Services
Final EIR No 563 provides detailed descriptions of police fire and emergency school library child care and transit services for MCAS El Toro in the pre closure setting The
following descriptions include a summary of the Final EIR No 563 settings which are still

Public Services and Utilities County of Orange EIR No 573 152
152 Page 153 154
relevant along with the existing post closure conditions since July 1999 The existing setting for impacts analysis is 1998 conditions
Pofke Services
Police services were provided by the military police to the MCAS El Toro site in 1998 The 1,188 MCAS El Toro housing units and the unincorporated County areas outside of the site
were served by the Orange County Sheriffs Department The City of fine Police Department watched over the south panhandle of the project area which is located within
Irvine's city limits an area of primarily agricultural land use that has not required significant policing This arrangement remained in place in 1998

As of the July 1999 base closure security services to the MCAS El Toro site have been provided by personnel corn the Orange County Sheriffs Department headquarters located
at 550 N FIower Santa Ana California The headquarters complex house the North Operations Patrol and Investigative units general fraud sex crimes homicide and narcotics
units as well as the Forensics and Identification Bureau and the Coroner's facility Each unit is currently operating at or near fizll capacity with 63 assigned patrol officers and

approximately 50 investigators Three Sheriff Special Officers are currenfly assigned through contractual agreement with the Department of the Navy and the Local Reuse
Authority to the MCAS El Toro site 24 hours per day seven days per week Their primary purpose is providing security for the base One Deputy Sheriff is available to handle all
calls for service to the MCAS El Toro site and the surrounding unincorporated area 24 hours per day seven days per week All personnel receive support f m non sworn
personnel assigned by North Operations Response times for emergency calls for service average 9.0 minutes and for non emergency calls average 15.6 minutes

Fire and Emergency Medical Services
There were three operating fire stations a communications dispatch center and one Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting ARFF station at MCAS El Toro in 1998 All military fire and
emergency medical services were terminated upon base closure in July 1999 Effective July 3 1999 OCFA Fire Station No 20 became operational and occupies the previous military
Fire Station No 1 Building 98 Figure 4.10 l Three shifts of three personnel operate on a 24 hour basis se days a week and provide fire protection and emergency services to
existing operations as well as provide off base regional fire protection services
Future stations with the OCFA regional service delivery system that will have emergency response capability to the Proposed Project include Fire Station No 38 which will be moved
from its current temporary location at 26 Parker in Irvine to property near the vicinity of Irvine Boulevard and Magazine Planning Area PA 3 Additionally the Irvine Company
is required to construct and dedicate Fire Station No 51 in Irvine Spectrum in the vicinity of Research and Hubble with a planned operational date of FY 2000101 Fire Station No 51
does have emergency response capabilities to the MCAS El Toro site and it is being built for the purpose of serving the Spectrum and Lake Forest areas to the east The location for

County of Orange EIRNo 573 Public Services and Utilities 153
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future Fire Station No 55 has not been determined but is anticipated to be in the general vicinity of Portola Parkway between Jeffrey Road and Sand Canyon Avenue
Schools
Portions of the Proposed Project are within the boundaries of the Irvine Unified School District IUD and the Saddleback VaUey Unified School Districts SVUSD Figure
4.10 2 The El Toro Marine Elementary school also referred to as El Toro Elementary is located at 8171 SE Trabuco Road and falls within the IUSD The school is located in PA 2
of the preferred land use plan In 1998 the school served grades K 6 accommodating the children of marines who lived on the base

A contract to lease the school through the end of June 2000 was approved by the IUSD School Board and the DON Oak Ridge Private School opened on September 7 1999 for
grades pre K 8 Telephone Communication 907199 Mrs Patricia my Proprietor Oak Ridge Private School

NO other school is within one mile from the boundary of the project site or within two miles from any runway at its farthest point The schools that fdl witbin approximately three miles
of the runways include Alderwood Basics Plus K 6 Los Naranjos Elementary K 6 and special education preschool El Camino Real e K 6 Northwood High School Irvine
High School Venado Middle School Deerfield Elementary K 6 Springbrook Elementary K 6 Lakeside Middle Eastshore Elementary K 6 Olivewood Elementary Ah
Elementary Serrano Jr High Santiago Elementary El Toro High and La Madera Elementary School

Buifding 280 located in PA 1 Figure 4.10 l existed as the library special services office for the marines It was built in 1945 and improved in 1990 and encompasses 12,000 square
feet The building has been vacant since base closure
The Orange County Public Library OCPL provides library service to the unincorporated areas of the County and 20 cities Library service is provided to 24 branch libraries and
four regionaI libraries throughout Orange County The nearest existing libraries to the MCAS El Tore site are Irvine University Park branch library and Irvine Heritage Park
regional library OCPL is currently building a library in Foothill Ranch with a plan for opening by mid 2001 telephone conversation Vince Geraghty County Librarian Offrce
6 24 99

Gh ld care servkx s
The child care centers in Buildings 656 and 873 near C Street in PA 1 of the MCAS El Toro site Figure 4.10 l were provided for use by military personnel and civilians working on
the base Both buildings were vacant from the tie of base closure in July 1999 to

PubIic Services and Utdities
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November 1999 Currently the County of Orange is leasing the buildings for use as child care centers to three different private groups
Transit
Bus System
The Orange County Transportation Authority OCTA provides public transportation service in the vicinity of the project area and throughout Orange County Figure 4.10 3 shows the
1998 UCTA bus route setting to and in the vicinity of the project area Several OCTA bus routes serving the MCAS El Toro site and its surrounding areas make connections or stops
at the nearby Irvine Transportation Center ITC and the Western Digital Park and Ride facility as illustrated in Figure 4.10.4 Daily ridership on OCTA Route 673 Irvine MCAS
El Toro via Sand Canyon reached a peak of 84 passenger trips in March 1997 As of September 1999 Route 673 was discontinued in conjunction with the closure of the base
ITC is the nearest OCTA transportation center to the Proposed Project area located south of the MCAS El Toro site on the north side of Barranca Parkway The current ITC parking lot
becomes overcrowded during peak commuting hours Bus routes connect ITC to several transportation centers in Orange County including the following

i Laguna Hills Transportation Center ii Newport Transportation Center
iii Santa Ana Regional Transportation Center
OCTA operates a system of express bus routes throughout the County and into Los Angeles Riverside and San Bernardino counties This fixed route bus system is primarily commuter
oriented and operates on freeways and HOV facilities during weekday peak periods only OCTA also operates based on demand a small bus service Access shared ride service to
meet the requirements of the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act ADA
Table 4.1 O 1 shows the OCTA bus transit boardings from 1994 to 1998
Table 4.10 l OCTA Bus Transit Boardings 1994 1998

Source OCTA System Counts 1999
Table 4.10 2 shows the existing bus transit trips at John Wayne Airport JWA and MCAS El Toro

County of Orange EIR No 573 Public Services and Utilities 155
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Table 4.10 2 Existing Daily Bus Transit Trips
Source OCTA 1999 NOTE I Based on OCTA weekday bus schedule
Urban Rail System
At present no urban rail system operates in Orange County OCTA is currently conducting studies for The CenterLine a 28 mile initial urban rail segment under consideration for a
route between Fullerton and Irvine However urban rail was not assumed in this study because it did not exist in the EIR base year 1998 and is not a fully funded and
programmed improvement at this time If an urban rail system were to be implemented in the County system wide transit ridership would be expected to increase

Commuter and Regional Rail Systems
The Southern California Regional Rail Authority SCRRA in coordination with OCTA operates the Metrolink commuter rail service through the project area on the Orange County
Railroad Mainline Two Metrolink lines currently operate at ITC the Orange County Line from Los Angeles to Oceanside and the Inland Empire Orange County Line from San Juan
Capistrano to San Bernardino Metrolink trains generally operate during weekday peak commute hours Table 4.10 3 shows Metrolink boardings and alightings at ITC in 1998

Table 4.10 3 Existing Met ink BoardingsAlightings at Irvine
Transportation Center 1998

Source PTG 1999
btrak's San Diegan trains also stop at ITC Late hour continuations of Amtrak Sapz Joaquin Motor Coaches also stop at ITC providing all day connections to from the San
Joaquin Valley and Sacramento

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So id Waste
Municipal solid waste generated on the MCAS El Toro site is currently and was in 1998 disposed of at the Frank R Bowerman FRB landfill which is located three miles north of
the intersection of Sand Canyon Avenue and Irvine Boulevard The landfill is more than 10,000 feet from the north end of the existing north south runway of the MCAS El Toro
Airport

4.10.3.2 MCAS EL Toro Utilities

Cable television service is currently provided to the MCAS El Toro site and the surrounding areas by Cox Communications The primary cable television feed to the site is a fiber optic
line in an underground four inch PVC conduit This conduit begins south of the MCAS EI Toro site continues north along Alton Parkway to Irvine Boulevard turns west along Irvine
Boulevard to Marine Way and turns south along Marine Way to Trabuco Road where it exits the site to the west along Trabuco Road The existing on site cable television distribution
system which provides service throughout the site is a network of underground conduits and overhead lines Most of this on site network is relatively old and outdated

The Pacific Bell Telephone Company currently provides communication services and facilities to the MCAS El Toro site The primary feed into the MCAS El Toro site is from the Pacific
Bell Irvine Central Switching Station at Irvine Center Drive and Yale Street in the City of Irvine approximately four miles from the Main Distribution Frame MDF on the site The
MDF is the main feed for the on site communications distribution system In 1996 the MDF supplied 600 fiber optic lines and approximately 5,400 to 7,000 lines on the MCAS El Toro
site The system has the capacity to provide a total of between 12,000 and 14,000 lines
The existing communication distribution system on the MCAS El Toro site consists of six four inch underground PVC conduits encased in concrete AIthough these conduit banks generally
border the existing airfield along the approximate alignment of the primary electrical distribution line the telephone and electrical lines are in separate trenches One conduit
containing relatively new cable is used for fiber optic service
The majority of the buildings on the MCAS El Toro site are connected to the MDF comprising a wide area network WAN consisting of copper and fiber optic cables Six command and
control facilities are connected through a fiber optic network for high capacity communications A direct communication link with the FAA is provided by a separate fiberoptic
network in the northeast comer of the site
All the existing communications lines and facilities on the MCAS El Toro site beyond the initial connection to the MDF are owned by the federal government and are maintained by

County of Orange EIR No 573 Public Services and Utilities 157
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Pacific Bell under contract to the Marine Corps Pacific Bell owns and maintains the phone lines and facilities in this area beyond the MDF
The communications lines on the MCAS El Toro site provide communications data and security communications services on the site In addition there are separate and redundant
additional communications security lines on the site serving the air traf5c control tower and other FAA functions on the
site

Elec Weal Facilities and Services
Electricity is currently supplied to the MCAS El Toro site by a Southern California Edison SCE 66 kilovolt kv transmission line which serves two SCE substations in the area The

main Irvine Substation across from the main gate on Trabuco Road provides the primary service connection to the MCAS El Tore site The primary electrical distribution system for
the site is a 12 kV underground loop around the perimeter of the airfield connecting four switchgear stations Power is supplied to the site from the substations to the 12 kV
underground loop through a series of 12 kV feeder lines There are several overhead lines
outside the airfield clear zones that serve the smaller outlying areas on the MCAS El Toro site There are two existing airfield lighting vaults with generators for backup power

Existing generators in buildings 378 and 619 provide power for airfield lighting navigation aids and the air traf ic control tower

An 11 kV line owned by The Irvine Company enters the site at South 8th Street and provides power to an existing Irvine Company water well near the east end of Runway 7L
The existing capacity for electrical power on the MCAS El Toro site is approximately 25 megawatts MW In 1996 the existing power distribution system was operating near
capacity Final EIR No 563 noted that the on site distribution network may not meet current commercial public distribution standards because it was originally designed to DON standards
Therefore the existing power distribution system may be deficient in a number of areas such aS

9 Obsolete 12 kV and secondary switchgear and breakers and limited metering ii Unreliable underground cables
iii Incompatible or unbalanced equipment power lines and safety devices iv Inadequate power line to streetlight clearances

V Lockout accessibility vi Pole equipment clearance obstructions

As noted in Final EIR No 563 DOD studies indicate that substantial upgrades of these facilities could increase the power distribution capability on the site by over 90 percent

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Fuel Facilities
Norwalk Pipeline
Until July 1999 military jet petroleum fuel No 5 JP 5 was supplied to the MCAS El Toro site via the 8 inch diameter Norwalk Pipeline a 29 mile long line built in 1951 which was
operating at a flow rate of 504 gallons per minute gpm At that flow rate the Pipeline has the capacity to provide a daily tie1 supply of approximately 726,000 gallons The Norwalk
Pipeline runs along the north side of Irvine Boulevard to an approximate six acre former bulk storage tank facility Fuel Farm 555 south of the northeast base residential area shown later on
Figure 4.10 8 An underground pipeline distribution system connects the bulk storage fxility to a former truck W station north of Runway 25R and to other fill stations in the northeast and
southeast quadrants of the site It is anticipated that all existing tie1 storage fxilities on the MCAS El Toro site will be removed or clean closed in place during the environmental cleanup
process
The Norwalk Pipehe and the Norwalk Pumping Station are owned by the United States Navy USN Navy Petroleum Office and are managed by the Navy's Defense Fuel Supply Center
DFSP and contract operated by ITEPS Limited Inc under contract to the Defense Fuel Supply Center The Norwalk Pipeline extends from the Norwalk Pumping Station to the bulk
fuel storage facility at Fuel Farm 555 on the MCAS El Toro site The United States Air Force USAF owns the Norwalk Terminal which has two 55,000 barrel storage tanks and ten
80,000 barrel storage tanks A 21 mile long 10 inch diameter government owned pipeline serves the Norwalk Terminal from San Pedro and has branch connections to several major oil
companies The most recent user of the Norwalk Pipeline was MCAS El Toro In conjunction with the closure of the MCAS El Toro base in July 1999 this Pipeline was purged of petroleum
product and currently is inactive The Norwalk Terminal is also scheduled for closure
The Norwalk Pipeline could potentially be used to provide jet fuel to the MCAS El Toro site in the future Such use has been identified as a mitigation measure to reduce risks associated
with tank truck supply of jet fuel under the Proposed Project see Section 4.18 Risk of Upset Mitigation Measure RU 1

On Site Storage of Fuels
During military occupancy 400 underground storage tanks and 25 aboveground storage tanks for petroleum products were on the MCAS El Toro site BCP March 1999 Of the 400
underground tanks formerly on the MCAS El Toro site 46 were active 25 were inactive 5 were abandoned and 324 had been removed as of March 1999 Of the 25 aboveground tanks
13 were active 5 were inactive and 7 had been removed as of March 1999 Petroleum products stored in these tanks included aviation gasoline JP 5 diesel gasoline kerosene fuel
oil motor oil and waste els and oils hm each of these categories Of the removed and abandoned underground tanks the MCAS El Toro BlWC office has received letters
confirming regulatory closure on 285 of them including Tank Farms 1,3,4 and 5 The status ofthe d undandabove oundtankclosureprogramwillbecontinuallymodifi bythe

County of Orange EIR No 573 Public Services and Utilities 159
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BRAC office until regulatory closure has been achieved for all tanks formerly used on the MCAS El Toro site
Santa Fe Pacific Pipeline
Santa Fe Pacific Pipeline Line Section 126 LS 126 is an existing 16 inch diameter pipeline outside the southern boundary of the MCAS EI Toro site which continues southeast to serve
San Diego International Airport SAN This active petroleum supply pipeline is outside the MCAS El Toro site and was not used to transport fuel for the military uses on this site LS 126
could potentially be used in the future to protide aviation jet fuel to the site Such use is also a part of proposed Mitigation Measure RU 1 in Section 4.18 Risk of Upset

Because this line provides multiple petroleum f l products the required storage capacity for a specific fuel at a given customer's facility is dependent on the cycle between products Jet A
fuel is currently supplied to SAN through LS 126 for two continuous days each week Kinder Morgan a commodity company currently operates LS 126 Fuel product is delivered in bulk
segments which are normally cycled every seven days

The Southern California Gas Company SCGC currently provides natural gas to the MCAS El Toro site through three metering and pressure reduction stations on a high pressure main
parallel to and north of Irvine Boulevard The existing SCGC high pressure main varies in diameter fkom six to eight inches Each metering station serves a separate gas distribution
system The existing primary distribution system is a six inch ring polyethylene PE pipeline which carries gas at 45 to 55 pounds per square inch psi There are two secondary
distribution systems on the MCAS El Toro site The first a four inch steel pipe at 20 psi serves the Wherry Housing Area east of Irvine Boulevard The other a four in PE pipeline
sezves almost one third of the fxilities in the northwest quadrant of the site These three systems overlap but do not interconnect on the MCAS El Toro site

As a result of recent upgrades throughout the natural gas distribution system over 90 percent of the gas lines on the MCAS El Toro site are constructed of PE and are in excellent condition
The remaining lines are steel pipe Approximately 60 percent of the system serving the Wherry Housing Area and several sections served by the primary distribution system are steel pipe

The current 1997 natural gas annual consumption at the MCAS El Tom site is approximately 100,000 therms as described in Technical Report 14 Concepts Evaluation of other Airport
Facilities OCAA 1999 The existing capacity of the on site distribution system is 3,674 cubic feet per hour ccfh or approximately 3.2 x 1O'O therms per year

Domes tic Wa tef
Irvine Ranch Water District
The Irvine Ranch Water District IRWD cunently supplies domestic or potable water to the MCAS El Toro site Most of the site is in IRWD Pressure Zone III The northeast quadrant

Public Services and Utilities
4s12 County of Orange EIR No 573 160
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of the site covering parts of PAS 2 and 6 is in IRWD pressure Zone IV The IRWD supplies domestic water to the site through four metered service connections fed by two
separate supply mains The IRWD purchases water from the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California Metropolitan via Orange County Feeder No 2 and the
69 inch Allen McColloch Pipeline AMP The connection between the IRWD system and the AMP is a turnout referred to as X 73 Domestic water is currently supplied to Zone IV
by AMP turnouts
The existing domestic gallons per day mgd
designated as
water usage on the site in 1997 was approximately 1.29 million The four existing service connections on the MCAS El Tore site are

Zone III No 1 fed by an 18 inch pipe with a maximum capacity of 3,500 gpm Zone III No 2 fed by a 16 inch pipeline with a maximum capacity of 3,500 gpm
Zone III No 3 fed by a 12 inch pipe with a maximum capacity of 3,500 gpm Zone IV No 1 fed by a 12 inch pipe with a maximum capacity of 1,900 gpm

Each connection has a 10 inch meter with a maximum flow capacity of 5,500 gpm Domestic water distribution on the site is provided through a ring network at 45 to 95 psi and 125 psi in
the northeast quadrant of the site The distribution system includes three IRWD reservoirs and two IRWD pumping stations just outside the site boundary A separate booster station and a
500,000 gallon storage tank support the Wherry Housing Area Although the water distribution system was installed as an interconnected loop some areas are separated by water valves
which are permanently closed to ensure adequate pressure distribution to higher elevations The on site water distribution system also includes several water storage tanks and booster

pumps
There are several water facilities on the site which are owned by The Irvine Company and which are not part of the IRWD network In addition two water pipelines on the site are

connected through meters to the existing distribution system but actually serve off site areas One in the northeast quadrant of the site serves the University of California
Riverside agricultural station The other in the south part of the site serves the h vine schools

The water pipelines on the MCAS El Toro site primarily consist of cast iron and asbestos cement pipes more than 25 years old Most of these water pipelines are in good condition
The Orange County Water District OCWD in a joint effort with the IRWD recently constructed three wells near the southeast corner of the site just inside the MCAS El Tore site
These wells for the Irvine Desalter Project IDP identified as IDP 1 IDP 2 and IDP 3 are intended to extract groundwater for use as domestic and or recycled water The extracted
groundwater would be piped to a proposed OCWD treatment plant off the MCAS El Toro site prior to distribution to water users The DON is also planning to install several shallow
groundwater extraction wells on the site tying into the IDP pipelines to carry extracted groundwater to the CKWD facility for treatment There is no specific schedule for the
constmction of the remainin g features of the IDP although it could be completed in

County of Orange EIR No 573 Public Services and Utilities 161
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approximately three years It is assumed that the IDP will be operational by the completion of Phase I of the Proposed Project
Metropolitan Water District of Southern California
Metropolitan's AMP crosses the northeast part of the MCAS El Toro site through the Habitat Reserve Figure l 1 Planning Area 6 This pipeline is a regional supply line providing water
to Metropolitan's Diemer Filtration Plan in Yorba Linda Metropolitan has been planning an additional pipeline adjacent to the AMP to meet its water reliability needs This new pipeline
the AMP Phase 3 will parallel the existing AMP from Sand Canyon Avenue south through the MCAS El Toro site to its connection with the South County Pipeline south of Alton Parkway
The AMP Phase 3 will ensure that Metropolitan can supply adequate and reliable water supplies to its customers including the IRWD Metropolitan has been working with the DON
and the Municipal Water District of Orange County MWDOC since 1990 to reserve right ofway for the AMP Phase 3 through the MCAS El Toro site Metropolitan's request for this
right of way is consistent with the adopted CRP and the planning for the Habitat Reserve through the NCCP process

Recycled water
Recycled water is currently delivered to the MCAS El Toro site via a 12 inch IRWD main at the southwest edge of the site and the Irvine Lake Pipeline in the northwest quadrant of the
site Recycled water is supplied to the site through the IRWD Central Pressure Area which is divided into three pressure zones

i Zone A which serves elevations 0 to 165 feet ii Zone B which serves elevations 165 to 300 feet
iii Zone C which serves elevations from 300 to 450 feet
Although most of the MCAS El Toro site is in Zone B some of the north part of the site is in Zone C There is a l OOO OOO gallon recycled water storage tank next to the golf course In
1997 the golf course used approximately 95,000 gallons per day gpd of recycled water
At this time the IRWD has no plans to upgrade its recycled water system The Irvine Lake Pipeline will continue to be the primary source of recycled water for this part of the IRWD

service area The IRWD has no plans to use the existing Baker Aqueduct in the northeast quadrant of the MCAS El Toro site for recycled water

Sanitaf y Sewers
Sewage treatment services are currently provided to the MCAS El Toro site by the IRWD The existing on site sewer network is a two branch system of collectors and interceptors The sewer
system is sloped with the natural grade of the site to provide a gravity system which generally flows from northeast to southwest Ninety nine percent of the sewer pipes are vitrified clay
pipe VCP The two branch sewer system passes through a metering station in the southwest
quadrant and exits the site in parallel 12 inch pipelines which pass under the Southern

PubIic Services and Utilities County of Orange ETR No 573 162
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California Regional Rail Authority SCRRA railroad tracks and into IRWD manholes At this point the two 12 inch pipes join into the 18 inch Alton Bake Parkway Trunk Sewer AE3PTS
The ABPTS flows to the IRWD Michelson Waste Treatment MWTP via the San Diego Creek Interceptor on the north side of I 405

The capacity of the existing MCAS El Toro sewer system is approximately 3.3 million gallons per day gpd The total existing flow to the MWTP is approximately 12 mgd and
the capacity of the MWTP is approximately 15 mgd

4.10.3.3 John Wayne Airport Public Services
The following public services information is based partially on EIR No 508 John Wayne Airport and Land Use Compatibility program and on current information obtained from
representatives of the relevant organizations

Police protection to JWA is provided by the Orange County Sheriffs Department on a service contract to the airport The service provided is based on the airport's demand
Currently six deputy sheriffs 42 special officers and one support staff are located at John Wayne Airport Terminal The emergency response time is generally less than one minute
g 27 99 telephone communication with Lieutenant Orville Ring John Wayne Airport Police Services

Fire and Emergency Services
The OCFA provides ARFF services to JWA as well as all fire safety inspections required by the FAA from Fire Station No 33 located on the west side of the Airport Fire Station
No 27 located on the east side of JWA provides JWA with initial emergency medical provision and rapid water resupply support for ARFF units in order to deliver foam in the
event of a post crash fie Fire Station No 27 also provides primary structural fire protection and paramedic assessment response to airport facilities and occupants the unincorporated
area of Santa Ana Heights and the adjacent City of Irvine area Through automatic aid agreements Fire Station No 27 provides emergency response to the cities of Costa Mesa
and Newport Beach Fire Station No 28 in the City of Irvine provides a secondary response to JWA as back up to Fire Station No 27 Fire Station No 4 in the City of Irvine provides
the initial Engine and Truck Response to any reported structural fire of automatic alarm to JWA as well as primary Advances Life Support medical and Hazardous Materials Unit
response Table 4.10 4 describes each station's facilities and personnel

County of Orange EIR No 573 Public Services and Utilities 163
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Table 4.1 O 4 Fire Stations and Their Facilities at and in the Vicinity of JWA
OCFA Fire Station No 33 366 Paularino
Costa Mesa

OCFA Fire Station No 27 19459 Campus Drive
Santa Ana

OCFA Fire Station No 38 26 Parker
Irvine

OCFA Fire Station No 28 17862 Gillette Ave
Irvine

OCFA Fire Station No 4 2 California
Irvine

Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting
Paramedic Assessment Engine
Engine Medic Van

Paramedic Assessment Engine
Engine Truck
Paramedic Van Haz Mat Unit
Battalion Chief

3 Captains 9 Engineers
9 Firefighters

3 Captains 3 Engineers
3 FirefighterslParamedics

3 Captains 3 Engineers
3 Firefighters 6 Firefighter Paramedics

3 Captains 3 Engineers
3 Firefighter Paramedics

6 Captains 6 Engineers
9 Firefighters 6 Firefighter Paramedics
3 Battalion Chiefs

The area that makes up JWA includes portions of four school districts the Santa Ana Unified School District the Newport Mesa Unified School District the Irvine Unified
School District and the Tustin Unified School District The school nearest to JWA is Taft EIementary located approximately one mile from the airport's northwest boundary
Additional schools in the Santa Ana School District boundaries that are located within three miles of JWA include MacArthur Fundamental Saddleback High
School Jefferson High School Jim Thorpe Elementary Greenville Fundamental and Maranatha Christian

Academy The schools within an approximate three mile radius of JWA in the Newport Mesa School District include Paularino Elementary Sonora Elementary Costa Mesa High

Davis School Lindbergh and Newport Mesa Alternative The boundaries of Tustin and Irvine Unified School districts extend to JWA but there are no existing schools in those
districts within three miles of JWA

Public Services and Utilities County of Orange EIR No 573 164
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The closest County libraries to JWA are the Costa Mesa and Mesa Verde Public Libraries Figure 4.10 3 The Newport Beach Public Library operated by the City of Newport
Beach is located approximately five miles south of JWkk

Transit
Transit service is provided to JWA by the OCTA OCTA bus routes 382 71 76 6 1 and 306 currently serve the Project area as shown in Figure 4.10.3

Solid Waste
Solid waste disposal for JWA is provided by Rainbow Disposal Refuse is collected then brought to the Rainbow Disposal Material Recovery Facility MRF at 17121 Nichols in
Huntington Beach for recycling The residual is sent to the FRB Landfill

4.10.3.4 John Wayne Airport Utilities
Utilities at JWA are provided by an existing system of on and off site facilities providing communications electricity fuel domestic water and sanitary sewer services These
existing facilities and services are adequate to serve existing demand
The current peak daily demand for aviation fuel at JWA is approximately 225,000 gallons The three 300,000 gallon tie1 bulk storage tanks on the JWA site provide on site storage for
a four day supply of fuel
Current operations at JWA consume the following
l Water approximately 65,800 OOO gallons year
l Electricity approximately 22,6OO OOO kwh year

l Natural gas approximately 157,000 therms year

JWA recently completed an electrification project that provides climate controlled air at each of its 14 jetways This project will reduce the use of onboard aircraft auxiliary power
units APUs which burn jet fuel This will result in a reduction in the amount of VOC and NO emissions from JWA by reducing fossil fuel consumption Electric charging stations
have also been provided at each loading bridge to accommodate future charging of ground support equipment GSE used by the airlines

The electrification project included upgrading the computer operated energy and lighting management system that manages power use at JWA JWA is in the initial stages of building a
compressed natural gas CNG keling station on the Airport for use by airport shuttles taxis and the general public To encourage the use of alternative fuels the Airport now includes in
all of its bid proposals for shuttle and taxicab services a provision that describes the potential
County of Orange EIR No 573 Public Services and Utilities 165
165 Page 166 167
for alternative fuels and requires acknowledgment by the shuttle and taxicab companies of the alternative fuels program at the Airport
4.10.4 Methodology
The public services analysis involved mailing questionnaires to agencies personal communication with public service employees and incorporation of EIR No 563 and the ASMP
technical reports information from these various methods was combined to produce the public service analyses Inquiries were made as to the ability to supply the Proposed Project
and project alternatives with the services addressed herein the conclusions of FEIR No 563 for the CRP were evaluated and the current service supply information was compared with
the Proposed Project
The existing utility facilities and the demand for utilities at the MCAS El Toro site and at JWA are based on information firom MCAS El ho Mmter Development Program Airport
System Master Plan Technical Report 14 Concepts Evaluation of Other Airport Facilities OCAA 1999 The potential impacts of the Proposed Project related to public utilities
were evaluated based on written and verbal correspondence with public utility providers and local jurisdictions in the area provided in responses to the project NQP

4.10.4.1 Methodology for Transit Analysis

A comprehensive multimodal transit analysis was conducted to address the role of mass transit and potential transit usage related to the Airport System Master Plan ASMP More
specifically the purposes of the transit analysis are
i Identify potential transit needs for the Proposed Project and other alternatives ii Refine the funue highway and transit networks to accommodate projected project
related transit services for purposes of forecasting transit demand iii Verify project related transit shares and service needs by 2005 2010 20 15 and 2020
and iv Verify transit shares and service needs for alternatives to the Proposed Project

Year 2020 transit patronage forecasts for the Proposed Project the No Project No Activity Alternative and the ETRPA Nonaviation Plan were developed using the Orange County
Transportation Analysis Model Version 2.8 OCTAM 2.8 OCTAM 2.8 model runs were also performed for the Proposed Project Phase 1 and 2 years 2005 and 2010 respectively

4.10.5 Thresholds of Significance
Guidance on detennining the significance of project related environmental effects is provided in Section 15064 of the Guidelines for Implementation of the California Environmental Quality
Act CEQA Guidelines which are contained in Title 14 Division 6 of the California Code of

1 For detailed description of OCTAM 2.8 see TRI 1
Public Services and Utilities County of Orange EIRNo 573 166
166 Page 167 168
Regulations 14 CCR On the basis of this guidance as well as input fi om utility and service providers a project may be considered to result in a significant adverse impact related to public
services or utilities if it would result in the need for new or physically altered services or utilities fkilities the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts to
maintain acceptable service ratios response times or other performance objectives for the following public services and utilities Specific service ratios response times and other
pefiormance criteria are described in the discussion of each provider as appropriate to that particular service or utiLity

0 ii
iii iv

VI vi
vii viii

ix
JO X0

xii xiii

Police Fire and emergency medical services
Schools Parks
Other public facilities Cable television facilities and services
Communications facilities and services Electrical facilities and services
Fuel facilities Natural gas facilities and services
Domestic water facilities and services Recycled water facilities and services
Sanitary sewers facilities and services
A project may also be considered to have a significant adverse impact related to public utilities if it would

0
ii

iii
iv

Exceed the wastewater treatment requirements of the applicable Regional Water Quality Control Board RWQCB
Require or result in the construction of new water or wastewater treatment facilities or the expansion of existing facilities the construction of which could cause significant
environmental impacts
Result in water consumption demand in excess of the service capacity of the existing water supply entitlements and resources resulting in the need for expanded and or
new entitlements
Result in wastewater treatment requirements in excess of the ability of the existing wastewater treatment providers to serve in addition to the providers existing
commitments to wastewater treatment

County of Orange EIR No 573
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4.10.6 Proposed Transit Serving Improvements MCAS
El Toro

Summarized below are public transit project design facilities that are included in the Pmoosed Project Greater detail for each of these features is found in the ASMP L

0 The proposed MCAS El Toro project includes a 53.84 acre site for a Vehicle
Maintenance Yard The potential lessees of the yard include the OCTA the County and the City of Irvine The Vehicle Maintenance Yard would be relocated in Phase

1 from the current OCTA site at Sand Canyon and Marine Way to PA 5 The move would take place before the extension of Marine Way therefore no disruption of
activities at the existing Vehicle Maintenance Yard would occur
l Construction of an Airport Transportation Center ATC during Phase 1 2001 2005
in PA 4 The ATC would be located diagonally across the former Santa Fe Railroad tracks from the Irvine Transportation Center ITC

l Accommodating travelers arriving via such transportation modes as Amtrak the
Metrolink or bus via a pedestrian overcrossing which is planned for construction in Phase I that h s the ATC to the ITC

Construction of a three level road system at the airport terminal that will accommodate bus and other transit vehicles
Construction of intersection bus turnouts and shelters at each on site arterial highway intersection in coordination with OCTA
Construction of an airport shuttle bus yard to accommodate vehicles providing onsite shuttle service

4.10.7 Project Impacts
4.10.7.1 MCAS El Toro

Impacts Related to Poke Services
The Proposed Project is not expected to create a need for expansion of police facilities or for the construction of a new facility however support space will be required within the new

proposed airport facilities The increased s that will be required for the new airport will at a minimum be consistent and proportional to levels currently experienced at John Wayne
Airport The passenger forecasts for Phases l 4 at OCX are 8.8 MAP 18.8 MAP 23.4

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MAP and 28.8 respectively An increase in passengers as indicated will add to pedestrian and vehicular traf creating a potential need for more police service
Indicated below are guidelines used by the Sheriff Department when formulating staffing needs to provide a minimum of service to a given population These guidelines would apply
to the areas surrounding the proposed airports
i Annually 41 percent of a given population will require police services
ii A deputy sheriff can handle 856 calls for service per year while maintaining a target 40 percent of preventative patrol time

iii 35 percent of those calls generate reports and 10 percent of these reports become investigative cases
iv 350 workable cases are assigned to each investigator per year
v Support staff projections are based on a formula of 21 percent of all sworn staff

The Orange County Sheriffs Department will be able to adequately serve the Proposed Project with the necessary increase in staffing equipment and facilities

PA 7 is currently policed by the City of Irvine Police Department and is expected to remain within their jurisdiction under the Proposed Project The proposed land use changes to PA 7
from primarily agriculture to some agriculture business park golf habitat reserve wildlife habitat area restricted open space and public services fire station will create a need for
additional policing to the area Although there would be an incremental increase in the need for additional officers over time the Proposed Project is not expected to result in the need
for an additional police station and therefore would not result in a significant adverse impact on their ability to provide police services to this portion of the MCAS El Toro site

Impacts Related to Fire and Emergency Medical Services
The Proposed Project will create a need for expanded fire fighting and emergency service Fire Station No 20 Figure 4.1 O l which became operational on July 3 1999 exists for
interim caretaker purposes

Airport Rescue and Fire Fighting ARFF Stations
ARFF is a unique emergency service that requires specialized knowledge training equipment and response procedures One ARFF station will be required to meet the FAA requirements for
responses to aircti emergencies ARFF siting requirements i e required response times Iocation access are discussed in detail in Technical Report No 14 Section 4.2.4 Airport
Rescue and Firefighting at OCX The ARFF facility is further described in the Airport System Master Plan

In addition to the ARFF station requirements there is also need for additional fire stations in the airport vicinity to assist in emergency medical responses as well as structural fire
County of Orange EIR No 573 Public Services and Utilities 169
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protection needs and inspections of airport facilities and grounds It is anticipated that Fire Station No 20 will be relocated to an area adjacent to the terminal in order to provide those
services Another fire station will be located in PA 4 The Proposed Project includes the ARFF facility needed to serve the aviation use as well as sites for fire stations that will
serve nonaviation uses The Proposed Project does not create an adverse impact on the provision of fire and emergency services

Impacts Related to Schaals
Existing 1998 conditions included an on site elementary school to serve the base population The school facility is subject to a long term lease between the DON and IUSD The lease
will require early termination to accommodate the Proposed Project development in Phase 2 The County of Orange will negotiate with IUSD to terminate or relocate the use during the
remainder of the lease
The Proposed Project includes an area for educational institutional uses in PA 2 see Project Description Chapter 3 that is expected to result in a beneficial increase in the supply of
educational services on the site and in the region particuIarly college level services
There are no residential land uses proposed in the ASMP therefore no school related impacts within the Project boundaries are anticipated The Proposed Project uses would not
generate students therefore the Proposed Project will not create a significant increase in the need for school service

Impacts Related to Libraries
There was a library provided by the military on site to serve the base population in 1998 There was no OCPL site on site

The Proposed Project is not anticipated to impact library services because library use factors are based primarily on residential development and there is no residential use proposed in
the ASMP

Impacts Related to Other Public Services
There were child care facilities on site to serve the children of the Marine Corps personnel and the on site civil servants in 1998 The Proposed Project accommodates child care uses
in association with other development subject to County standards for siting such facilities For example child care may be provided in association with the branch university
contemplated for PA 2 and in association with the business park uses in PA 7 The Proposed Project does not impact the child care use existing in 1998 which terminated in
conjunction with base closure nor does it impact the provision of on site child care in the future which may occur on site in accordance with established County standards

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Impacts Related to Transit
The Proposed Project will attract public transit passengers to the El Toro site i e OCX and nonaviation uses Public transit at JWA is expected to be less than existing demand
because of the forecast reduction in commercial passengers served under the Proposed Project compared to existing service levels In response to the attraction at the El Toro site
the project incorporates several design facilities to accommodate transit use The design facilities are listed in Section 4.10.6 In summary these design facilities provide sufkient
capacity to accommodate the forecasted increases in transit passengers attracted to JWA and the El Toro site

Section 4.3 analyzes the Transportation and Circulation impacts of the Proposed Project See Section 4.3 for impacts mitigation measures and levels of significance after mitigation
related to transportation
Table 4.1 O 5 compares existing 1998 and project 2020 public bus trip generations at IWA and at the El Toro site JWA would attract 542 daily public bus passenger trips while the El
Toro site is expected to attract 4,204 daily public bus passenger trips These bus transit passenger attractions would result in 204 bus trips at JWA and 448 bus trips at MCAS El
Toro These forecasts of trips were used to analyze the on site transit access requirements The Proposed Project on site transit access facilities were designed based on the
requirements shown in Table 4.1 O 5
Table 4.10 5 Average Daily Transit Trips at JWA and the El Tom Site
Under Project Build Out 2020

Ave Da Bus Pa nger Trips Home Based Work
Source OCTAM 2.8 model runs
233 8 356 2,166 123 1,923

I Based on peak hour
Proposed Project Phase 1 2005
Table 4.10 6 shows the public bus trip attractions at JWA and at the El Toro site under Project Phase 1 JWA would attract 475 daily public bus passenger trips while the El Toro
site would attract 1,606 daily public bus passenger trips These public bus transit demands would result in 134 daily bus trips at JWA and 168 daily bus trips at El Toro Compared to
existing 1998 conditions daily bus transit trips would increase by 24 bus trips and 125
passenger trips at JWA as well as 142 bus trips and 1,522 passenger trips at the El Toro site

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The Proposed Project on site transit access facilities were designed based on the requirements shown in Table 4.10 6
Table 4.10 6
Average Daily Transit Trips at JWA and 331 Toro Site Under Project Phase l 2005

I
Average Daily Bus Passenger Trips 475 1 1,606 125 1,522

Home Based Work 112 827 -5 751
others 363 779 130 771
Average Daily Rail Passenger Trips 0 310 0 310

Source OCTAM 2.8 model runs

Phase 2 2010
Table 4.1 O 7 shows the public transit trip attractions at JWA and at the El Toro site under Project Phase 2 As shown JWA would attract 403 daily public bus passenger trips while
the EI Toro site would attract 3,065 daily public bus passenger trips These public bus transit demands would result in I58 daily bus trips at JWA and 210 daiIy bus trips at El
Toro Compared to existing 1998 conditions daily bus transit trips would increase by 48 bus trips and 53 passenger trips at JWA as well as 184 bus trips and 2,98 1 passenger trips at
the El Toro site
Table 4.10 7 Average Daily Transit
Trips at JWA and the El Tore Site Under Project Phase 2 2010

Source OCTAM 2.8 model runs
Compared to transit forecasts for Project Phase 1 2005 previously shown in Table 4.1 O 6 JWA would attract fewer bus passenger trips as a result of reduced air passenger activity
projections However in spite of the lower number bus passenger trips in Phase 2 daily bus trips at JWA would increase by 24 bus tips compared to Phase 1 This increase in bus trips
is primarily due to the projected overall increase in regional bus transit demand from 2005 to

Public Services and Utilities County of Orange EIR No 573
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2010 that is also served by bus transit routes at JWA The Proposed Project on site transit access facilities were designed based on the requirements shown in Table 4.10 7
Phase 3 2015
Table 4.10 8 shows the public transit trip attractions at JWA and at the El Toro site under Project Phase 3 JWA would attract 470 daily public bus passenger trips while the El Toro
site would attract 3,337 daily public bus passenger trips These public bus transit demands would result in 182 daily bus trips at JWA and 336 daily bus trips at El Toro Compared to
existing 1998 conditions daily bus transit tips would increase by 72 bus trips and 120 passenger trips at JWA as well as 310 bus trips and 3,253 passenger trips at the El Toro site
The Proposed Project on site transit access facilities were designed based on the requirements shown in Table 4.10 g

Table 4.10 8 Average Daily Transit Trips at JWA and the El Tom Site
Under Project Phase 3 2015

Average Daily Bus Passenger Trips 1 470 3,337 120 3,253
Home Based Work I 165 1,866 48 1,790 others
305 1 1,471 72 1,463
Average Daily Rail Passenger Trips 0 I 730 0 730

Source Based on factoring transit market shares Tom other model runs

Based on the Proposed Project on site transit access facilities having been designed in accordance with the requirements set forth in Table 4.10 6 there will be no on site adverse
impacts on public transit For an analysis of off site transportation impacts see Section 4.3
Impacts Retated to Solid Waste
The Proposed Project solid waste generation is summarized in Table 4.10 g The amount of construction and demolition waste produced from the Proposed Project will create a
significant impact

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Table 4.10 9 Proposed Project Solid Waste Generation
Restricted Open Space
Habilat Reserve
Wildlife Habitat Area
Marshbum Retarding Dasin
Cultural lustitutional
Public Facilities
Vehicle Maintenance Yard
Warehouse IKWD Reservoir Pumping

Fire Station I
C a l AirBard
Homeless Service Providers
IRWD Facility
Fire Station 2 Business Park

Restaurant
Child Care Center
Subtotal Solid Waste Generated Aviation Uses

Airport OCX Airport JWA
Subtotal Solid Waste Generated

NA 193.8 acres
NA 20.6 acres
NA 143.4
NA 38.9 acre5 I
0.0013 tons SF year 545,000 SF 3.22 tons day

0.0108 tons SF year 51 I acres 109.27 to day
0.0108 to SF year 670 OOOSF 32.89 tons day 11.2 1 acres 23.96 tons day NA
5.7 acres
To be provided 1.14 acres To be provided 1
-6 lbs lOOOSF day 22.9 acres 3 O tons day
0.0108 tons SF year 26.89 acres 57.5 tons day m NA
9.0 acres To be provided I 0.95 acres To be provided

6 lbs lOOOSFlday 670 OOOSF 2.01 to day 82.46 acres 10.8 tons day
0.005 lb F day 30 OOOSF 0.075 tons day
0.0013 tons SF year 20 OOOSF 0 I I tons day
35.186 tons day 204.63 tons day 3.22 tons day

238.83 tons MAP 8.8 MAP 2,101.7 tons year 18.8MAP 4,490 tons year 23.4 MAP 5,588.6 tons year 28.8 MAP 6,878 f tonslyear 238.83 tons MAP 5.5 MAP 1.313.5 tons year 3.9 MAP 1 931.4 tons year 4.6 MAP 1,098.6 tons year 5.4 MAP 1,289.68 tonslyear
I 3,415.2 tons year I 421.4 tons 6.687.2 tons 8.167.98 tons

Notes ND No Data
NA Not Applicable
I Generation factors typically represent a 220 day work year 2 Generation factors typically represeut a 365 day work year

3 Number of golfers were arrived at by dividing the average number of golfers anticipated at the golf courses over a three year period by three
Sources Generation factors were extracted from various studies and ElKs in Los Angeles and Ventura Counties and the City of Santa Clarita a Stevenson
Ranch DEIR Phase lV Los Angeles County b Guidelines for Preparation of Environmental Assessments for Solid Waste Impacts Ventura County Solid Waste Management Department

c DEIR for North Hills Development Santa Clarita

Public Services and Utilities
4.10 26 County of Orange EIR No 573 174
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State law Al3 939 requires thaf tke Coundy and its cities reduce the amount of waste being disposed in ZandJZZs by 50 om 1990 levels by the year 2000 and beyond or
face fines up to 10,000 d ay or noncompliance In Order for the County to comply f with AB 939 mandates one of the primary waste items tlzaf must be diverted urn
land II disposul is constrz on and demolition C D debris C D debris is heavy inert material This muteriul creates significant problems when disposed of in
landfills since C D debris does not decompose and ~ukxs up valuable kznd U capacity Additionally since C D debris is heavy when compared with paper and
plastic it is more d j cult for tke County and cities to reduce the tonnage of disposed waste

Chapter 3.0 Description of the Proposed Project shows quantities of demolition materials in each phase Table 3 15 The Proposed Project includes the on site recycling of all portland
cement concrete and asphalt pavement and its reuse as new pavement base material
Regulation CCR Title 27 addresses the potential bird hazard to aircraft that operate in the vicinity of a landfill The regulation mandates that the owner or operator of a landfill that is
located within 10,000 feet of a runway must demonstrate that the birds will not pose a hazard to aircra Section 4.15 Public Safety of this EIR discusses the topic of bird strikes at JWA and
MCAS El Toro in greater detail

The analysis of the potential impacts of the Proposed Project on utilities considers the 2020 build out demand for utilities created by OCX the open space uses and the nonaviation
revenue support uses on the site Backbone utility systems to provide service to OCX and the other uses on the site were developed for each of the utilities These backbone utility systems
would be phased consistent with the phasing of the OCX related improvements and constructed in conjunction with the on site backbone roads and taxiways The phasing of the
utilities will accommodate the interim uses of existing facilities where possible or by constructing temporary connections to the backbone system Utility access for the nonaviation
revenue support uses is assumed to be provided through connections to the backbone system

Impacts Related to Cable Television Facilities and Services
Impacts of Aviation Uses Related to Cable Television Facilities and Services
The primary cable television users under the Proposed Project will be the passenger terminal facilities a 500 room hotel and a conference center in the terminal area There are also

expected to be relatively minor cable television requirements associated with other aviation related facilities on the site

The existing fiber optic feeder providing cable television to the MCAS El Toro site has the capacity to serve the aviation related 2020 cable television demands A one inch diameter
group of fiber optics would be capable of servicing the entire cable television demands of OCX

County of Orange EIR No 573 Public Services and Utilities 175
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at build out The existing four inch diameter main feed condtit contains a one inch group of fiber optics and a pull rope This provides adequate space to install additional fiber optics in
the fbture A segment of the existing main cable feeder along Marine Way will be removed and reconstructed along the proposed airport terminal road under the Proposed Project The
rerouted fiber optic line vkiIl connect with the existing fiber optic line at locations on Irvine Boulevard
and Trabuco Road An empty four inch PVC conduit will be installed adjacent to the rerouted main fiber optic line to accommodate potential future upgrades to the system

The proposed backbone cable television system for the aviation uses under the Proposed Project will consist of three inch conduits with coaxial cable routed along proposed roads as
shown on Figure 4.10 5 The substandard condition of the existing cable network and the proposed road and site configuration under the Proposed Project will likely necessitate the
abandonment removal of the existing on site cable television distribution system The three inch conduits will be connected into the main fiber optic feeder at locations on Irvine
Boulevard Trabuco Road and Alton Parkway Nodes will be reqtied at each connection point between the main fiber optic feeder and the coaxial cable runs to convert the electronic
signal from the fiber optic line to video service One node can service up to 1,000 cable television users The Trabuco Road node will service the terminal f Sties and the
hotel conference center the Irvine Boulevard node will service the north part of the site and the Alton Parkway node will service the east part of the site

The cable television distribution system will consist of an underground network of three inch conduits connecting the cable television user facilities to the backbone facilities The
distribution system wilI require above ground service drops near the receiving facilities Heavy use facilities such as the hotel conference center and terminal building are anticipated to require
two or more service drops depending on the actual number of users at each of these locations
It is anticipated that Cox Communications or other cable television providers would be capabIe of providing teIecommunications data systems and Internet services to the site using existing
distribution facilities currently available in this area These services could be provided with the cable television backbone and distribution systems described above The cable television
backbone system will be installed during the first three phases of Proposed Project construction The fiber optic feeder system and coaxial cable backbone system will be
constructed during Phase 1 while additions to the coaxial cable backbone system will take place during Phases 2 and 3

Impacts of Nonaviation Airport Compatible and Revenue Support Uses Related
to Cable Television Facilities and Services

The majority of the nonaviation revenue support uses under the Proposed Project are not anticipated to require substantial amounts of cable television facilities or services For
example depending on the specific uses in the business park and the cultural institutional center some cable television facilities may be needed for these uses It is anticipated that the
cable television needs of the nonaviation revenue support uses can be met through co ections with the backbone cable distribution system shown on Figure 4.1 O 5

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It is anticipated that a number of the nonaviation revenue support uses will require telecommunications data systems and Internet services using existing distribution facilities
cunently available in this area As discussed above these services could be combined with cable television services and facilities to provide an interconnected systems meeting the firll
range of communications needs for the site including the needs of the nonaviation revenue support uses

Summary of Impacts of the Proposed Project Related to Cable Television
Facilities and Services

Construction of the Proposed Project will require the removal upgrading and or protection in place of many of the existing utility facilities on the site including cable television facilities
New and or expanded utility facilities are anticipated to be required for the majority of utilities on the site Most of these new or expanded utilities facilities including cable television
facilities would be connected to existing utility facilities on and or off the project site Therefore there is potential during cons u ion for accidental damage or temporary
interruption of these utilities Es type of potential impact could affect any of the existing utilities on the site under the Proposed Project including the cable television facilities This
potential construction related impact of the Proposed Project is similar to the anticipated shortterm impact of the CRP on cable television evaluated in Final EIR No 563 Mitigation
measures U l and U 2 provided later in this Section would reduce this potential adverse shortterm impact of the Proposed Project on utilities such as cable television to below a level of
significance
The majority of the backbone cable television system will be constructed in Phase 1 of the Proposed Project with extensions and connections constructed as needed in Phases 2 and 3 to
serve all the proposed aviation and nonaviation revenue support uses on the site Therefore the short term construction related impacts could occur over time as different phases of the
Proposed Project and the supporting V for cable television are constructed Mitigation measures U l and U 2 described later in this Section would apply during all
construction associated with cable television n structure

The Proposed Project is not anticipated to result in long term adverse impacts related to cable television facilities The existing fiber optic feeder line has sticient capacity to accommodate
the cable television demands at build out of the Proposed Project In addition the planned cable television facilities under the Proposed Project will provide adequate space for the
installation of additional lines in the future should this be necessary It is possible depending on the cable television provider that off site distribution facilities could require upgrading or
renovation to most effectively meet the demands for cable television on the project site This potential impact of the Proposed Project is similar to the anticipated impact of the CRP on
cable television evaluated in Final EIR No 563 As noted earlier it is anticipated that these cable television services can be provided to the site by existing providers using existing
distribution facilities currently available in this area Mitigation measure U 3 below requires coordination with the applicable cable television provider during final design to ensure that the
off site distribution system can adequately serve the on site demand under the Proposed

County of Orange EIR No 573 Public Services and Utilities 177
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Project Measure U 3 will reduce potential adverse impacts of the Proposed Project related to cable television to below a level of significance
Therefore the Proposed Project will not result in significant adverse short term or long term impacts related to cable television after mitigation

Impacts Related to Communications Facilities and Services
Impacts of Aviation Uses Related to Communications Facilities and Services
The backbone communications system shown on Figure 4.10 6 was developed based on projected 2020 communications requirements The 2020 telephone and data line requirements
for aviation uses under the Proposed Project are estimated at approximately 26,120 lines including 15,160 lines for the terminal facilities 1,100 lines for the hotel conference center and
9,860 lines for the other airpor facilities These include both telephone and data lines Detailed tabulations for these estimates of communication lines are provided in Appendix B of
Technical Report 14 OCAA 1999
The proposed backbone communications system cunsists of an underground network of concrete ductbanks surrounding the OCX site along the backbone roads and taxiways as shown
on Figure 4.10 6 Most of the existing communications system will be abandoned in place under the Proposed Project because of the planned road network and the site confQumtion of
the planned land uses The proposed communications system wiI1 connect to a new MDF facility housed in an airport communications building near the Trabuco Road entrance to the
site A separate ductbank dedicated for FAA communications will be required from an FAA feed to the air trafEc control tower to provide system redundancy

The main ductbanks will contain four to 12 four inch conduits approximately three to four feet underground Up to 12 of the four inch conduits will be required along the main terminal road
to service the substantial demands of the terminal facilities ApproximateIy eight of the four inch conduits will be required to service the air tic control tower Four of the four inch
conduits will be required for the majority of the other airport facilities The backbone system includes distribution conduits to each of the proposed aviation related facilities Joint trenches
with electrical power cable and natural gas filities may be used where feasible
As discussed above it is anticipated that telecommunications data systems and Internet services for the aviation and nonaviation revenue support uses under the Proposed Project
could be combined with cable television services and facilities to provide an interconnected systems meeting the fuI1 range of communications needs for the site It is anticipated that
Pacific Bell and or other communication service providers would be capable of providing communications services to the Proposed Project using existing distribution fxilities currently
available in the area

PubIic Services and Utilities County of Orange EIR No 573 178
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Impacts of Nonaviation Revenue Support Uses Related to Communications
Facilities and Services

The majority of the nonaviation revenue support uses under the Proposed Project are anticipated to require communications services The major users of communications facilities

are expected to be the business park some of the public uses and the cultural institutional center The communications requirements of these land uses will include telephone and data
lines The communications requirements of the nonaviation revenue support uses are anticipated to be substantially less than for the aviation uses It is anticipated that the
communications needs of the nonaviation revenue support uses can be met through connections with the backbone communications distribution system shown on Figure 4.10 6 It is further
anticipated that Pacific Bell andor other communication service providers would be capable of providing communications services to the Proposed Project using existing distribution facilities
currently available in the area

Summary of Impacts of the Proposed Project Related to Communications
Facilities

Potential short term impacts related to temporary disruption of service or accidenti damage to existing communications facilities during ConstrucGon of the Proposed Project would be
mitigated to below a level of significance based on measures U l and U Z provided later in this Section Therefore the Proposed Project will not resuIt in significant adverse short term
impacts after mitigation related to communications systems This potential construction related impact of the Proposed Project is similar to the anticipated short term impact of the CRP on
communication systems and services evaluated in Final ER No 563
The majority of the communications backbone system and WAN incIuding the new MDF facility will be cons u d in Phase 1 of the Proposed Project with extensions and connections
constructed as needed in the remaining phases to serve all the proposed aviation and nonaviation revenue support uses on the site Therefore the short term construction related
impacts could occur over time as different phases of the Proposed Project and the supporting tiastructure for communications are constructed Mitigation measures U l and U 2
described later in this Section would apply during all construction associated with communications illfksmcture

The Proposed Project is not anticipated to result in significant adverse impacts related to communications services and facilities in the long term The communications facilities planned
as part of the Proposed Project will provide adequate service for the proposed uses without adversely affecting off site systems It is possible depending on the communications services
provider that off site distribution facilities could require upgrading or renovation in order to most effectively meet the communications demands on the project site Mitigation measure
U 3 below requires coordination with the applicable communications provider during final design to ensure that the off site distribution system can adequately serve the on site demand
under the Proposed Project Measure U 3 will reduce this potential adverse impact of the Proposed Project related to communications to below a level of significance This potential

County of Orange EIR No 573 Public Services and Utilities 179
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impact of the Proposed Project is similar to the anticipated impact of the CRP on communications systems and services evaluated in Final EIR No 563
Impacts Related to Electrical Facilities and Services
Impacts of Aviation Uses Related to Electrical Facilities and Services
The estimated 2020 electrical power demand for aviation uses under the Proposed Project is 34,440 kilovolt amps IA which includes 20,420 kVA for the terminal facilities and

13,980 kVA for the other airport facilities The projected electrical loads for the passenger boarding system including 400 Hertz Hz power and preconditioned air baggage handling
system navigational aids and airfield lighting are included in the other airport facilities demand The estimated total connected load for the aviation uses under the Proposed
Project is 51,780 kVA Detailed tabulations of these power demand estimates are provided in Appendix B of Technical Report 14 OCAA 1999

The backbone electrical power system for the Proposed Project consists of an underground network of concrete ductbanks along the backbone roads and taxiways as shown on Figure
4.1 O 7 The proposed backbone electrical distribution system was developed based on the 2020 power demand under the Proposed Project This backbone system will tie into the existing
SCE feeders at the on site substations Some existing electrical ductbanks surrounding the airfield may be reused depending on the condition of each ductbank In addition existing
generators in buildings 378 and 619 that provide power for airfield lighting navigation aids and the air traBic control tower may be reused for interim and temporary civilian uses under
the Proposed Project The Proposed Project will include a central energy plant containing transformers and the main electrical load center for power distribution to the terminal and other
facilities The central energy plant would also include electrical generating equipment and a computerized energy management system Upgrades to the existing substations and or new
substation facilities are anticipated to be required to accommodate the projected demands of the aviation related uses under the Proposed Project

The main ductbanks will contain up to 16 four inch conduits approximately three to four feet underground most of which will be required along the road adjacent to the terminal facilities
Six of the four inch conduits are anticipated to be required to service the ATCT
The backbone system also includes distribution conduits to each of the proposed aviation related uses Underground electrical distribution hes will be required along the runways and
taxiways for the airfield lighting and navigational aids The airfield lighting will require one or more separate vaults equipped with standby or backup power capabilities Electrical
distribution lines will be required at each aircraft gate to supply power to the passenger boarding bridges Most of the power demand at these bridges till originate the 400 Hz power
systems and preconditioned air systems Joint trenches with communications cable and natural gas facilities may be used where feasible

As noted the proposed airport will require a 400 Hz ground power system to provide electrical support
for parked aircraft ground operations and maintenance Regular electrical power will

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be distributed to the points of use where it will be converted to 400 Hz power It is anticipated that fixed 400 Hz solid state converters will be installed at each jet airc gate in the terminal
and in the cargo and remain overnight RON a parking hardstand areas
It is anticipated that SCE would be capable of providing electrical services to the Proposed Project using existing distribution facilities currently available in the area

Impacts of Nonaviation Revenue Support Uses Related to Electrical Facilities
and Services

The majority of the nonaviation revenue support uses under the Proposed Project will require electricity The only nonaviation revenue support uses not expected to require electricity are
agriculture open space the wildlife Habitat Area and the IIabitat Reserve The total electricity requirements of the nonaviation revenue support uses are estimated to be substantially less than
for the aviation uses The anticipated electrical demand for the nonaviation uses is summarized in Table 4,10 10 In addition the anticipated electrical demand for the APM which is assumed
to be electrically powered is 22,500 kVA Power for the APM may come from the central energy plant described earlier for OCX and the backbone electrical distribution system

Table 4.10 10 Estimated Daily Demand for Electricity for the
Nonaviation Revenue Support Uses

Source The Planning Center May 1999 Note l The other nonaviation uses and the existing agricultural uses are not anticipated